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Loki: Low-rank Keys for Efficient Sparse Attention

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arxiv 2406.02542 v2 pith:LLIL342S submitted 2024-06-04 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords attentioncostslokimodelsself-attentioncomputationcomputecomputed
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Inference on large language models (LLMs) can be expensive in terms of the compute and memory costs involved, especially when long sequence lengths are used. In particular, the self-attention mechanism used in LLM inference contributes significantly to these costs, which has sparked an interest in approximating the self-attention computation to reduce such costs. In this work, we propose to approximate self-attention by focusing on the dimensionality of key vectors computed in the attention block. Our analysis reveals that key vectors lie in a significantly lower-dimensional space, consistently across several datasets and models. Exploiting this observation, we propose Loki, a novel sparse attention method that ranks and selects tokens in the KV-cache based on attention scores computed in low-dimensional space. Our evaluations show that Loki is able to speed up the attention computation due to reduced data movement (load/store) and compute costs while maintaining the efficacy of the models better than other popular approximation methods.

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. LOCKS: Page-Local Compact Key Summaries for Efficient Long-Context Decoding

    cs.LG 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Page-local rank-8 spectral key summaries let sparse decode selection track the exact mass oracle and match FullKV quality at ~2% attended tokens with 2× latency cut at 1M context.

  2. COBS: Cumulant Order Block Sparse Attention

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A compressed within-block key covariance lets block-sparse attention recover most of dense long-context retrieval quality at roughly first-order selector traffic.

  3. vAttention: Verified Sparse Attention

    cs.LG 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    vAttention is a sparse attention method that mixes heavy-hitter tokens with a statistically sized random sample to provide (ε, δ)-guaranteed approximation of full attention.

  4. HATA: Trainable and Hardware-Efficient Hash-Aware Top-k Attention for Scalable Large Model Inference

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    HATA learns per-head binary hash codes for queries and keys and selects top-k tokens by Hamming distance, achieving up to 7.2x decoding speedup over full attention with near-baseline accuracy on tested benchmarks.

  5. Hardware-Efficient Attention for Fast Decoding

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Grouped-Tied Attention and Grouped Latent Attention reduce KV-cache memory and speed up LLM decoding by up to 2x while matching the quality of GQA and MLA at up to 1.47B parameters.

  6. AQUA: Attention via QUery mAgnitudes for Memory and Compute Efficient Inference in LLMs

    cs.LG 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A training-free method that prunes low-magnitude dimensions of projected query/key vectors in attention, cutting dot-product cost by 25% with small benchmark degradation.

  7. GraphKV: Breaking the Static Selection Paradigm with Graph-Based KV Cache Eviction

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    GraphKV adds a similarity-based decay penalty to existing top-k KV cache eviction scores, improving retention diversity and accuracy on LongBench and needle-in-a-haystack tasks.

  8. Exploiting Sparsity for Long Context Inference: Million Token Contexts on Commodity GPUs

    cs.CL 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A top-k attention mechanism backed by CPU vector search allows million-token LLM contexts to run on a 16GB GPU while keeping over 95% of dense-attention performance, though the 2% sparsity claim does not hold at the l...

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