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Tidal Love numbers of gravitational atoms

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arxiv 2410.00968 v3 pith:IWGRN67C submitted 2024-10-01 gr-qc hep-ph

Ricardo Arana , Richard Brito , Gonçalo Castro This is my paper · ORCID
classification gr-qchep-ph
keywords tidaltlnsblackholescloudscalarcloudsgravitational
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abstract

Ultralight bosonic fields can form condensates, or clouds, around spinning black holes. When this system is under the influence of a secondary massive body, its tidal response can be quantified in the tidal Love numbers (TLNs). Although TLNs vanish for black holes in vacuum, it has been shown that the same is not true for black holes immersed in matter environments. In this work, we compute the gravitational TLNs of black holes surrounded by scalar clouds, in the Newtonian limit. We show that they are non-vanishing, have a strong power-law dependence on the boson's mass, and are proportional to the scalar cloud's total mass. In particular, we find that, independently of the cloud's configuration, the TLNs from axisymmetric tides scale as $\propto r_c^{2l+1}$, for $r_c$ the cloud's "radius" and $l$ the multipole order of the external tidal field. This differs by a factor $r_c$ from previous estimates based on scalar and vector tidal perturbations but is in perfect agreement with the behavior of TLNs in other matter systems. Furthermore, we show that the adiabatic tides approximation we employ is, in general, not appropriate for non-axisymmetric tidal interactions.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Perturbing Gravitational Atoms: Negative Love, Resonant Tides and Shifted Resonances

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Spinning gravitational atoms have negative static Love numbers enhanced by O(10²–10³) over non-spinning clouds, with internal perturbations shifting binary resonances.

  2. Ultralight Boson Ionization from Comparable-Mass Binary Black Holes

    gr-qc 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Ionization of boson molecules bound to a black hole binary can dominate gravitational-wave losses during early inspiral, imprinting a turnover in the nanohertz GW background and circularizing the orbit.

  3. Tidal Love numbers and quasi-normal modes of the Schwarzschild-Hernquist black hole

    gr-qc 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a Schwarzschild black hole in a relativistic Hernquist dark matter halo, quasinormal-mode frequency shifts scale as (MDM/rs)^(3/2) rather than linearly, while tidal Love numbers are small and sensitive to the choi...

  4. Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Eccentric intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals around vector gravitational atoms acquire faster decay, stronger circularization, and negative periastron precession, making the cloud visible to LISA-like detectors.

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