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Deriving the Forces of Nonequilibria from Two Laws

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arxiv 2410.09277 v2 pith:LDON6HDG submitted 2024-10-11 cond-mat.stat-mech

classification cond-mat.stat-mech
keywords forcesrelationsderivedentropygenerallawsmaximizingpartial
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abstract

Non-EQuilibrium (NEQ) statistical physics has not had the same general foundation as that of EQuilibrium (EQ) statistical physics, where forces are derived from potentials such as $1/T = \partial S/\partial U$, and from which other key mathematical relations follow. Here, we show how general NEQ principles can be derived from two corresponding laws. Maximizing path entropy replaces maximizing state entropy. Whereas EQ can entail observables $(U, V, N)$, dynamics has (node populations, edge traffic, cycle flux). We derive forces of NEQ, fluctuation-susceptibility equalities, Maxwell-Onsager-like symmetry relations, and we generalize to ``cost-benefit'' relations beyond just work and heat dissipation.

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  1. Martingale properties of entropy production and a generalized work theorem with decoupled forward and backward processes

    cond-mat.stat-mech 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A generalized work theorem shows exponentiated entropy production is a martingale conditional on any fixed initial state, for arbitrary backward processes, in both overdamped and underdamped Langevin systems.

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