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Thermal Gravitational Waves During Reheating

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arxiv 2410.21385 v2 pith:MRADFFOU submitted 2024-10-28 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords reheatingspectrumduringtemperaturethermalgravitationalwavesadditionally
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abstract

In this work, we revisit the generation of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) from interactions in the thermal plasma. We extend the existing literature by incorporating the reheating phase into the thermal history. Our results show that the amplitude of the GW spectrum can be significantly enhanced because the temperature during reheating can be much higher than the reheating temperature. Furthermore, since the temperature evolution during reheating differs from that of free radiation, the peak frequency of the spectrum can also shift. Additionally, the morphology of the spectrum can present characteristic features. We also compute the contribution of the integrated GW spectrum to the effective number of neutrino species, $\Delta N_\text{eff}$, which can be substantially larger.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. High-frequency gravitational waves from axion inflation in the weak-backreaction regime

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Even in the weak-backreaction regime, axion inflation produces high-frequency primordial gravitational waves many orders of magnitude above the vacuum spectrum, peaking around MHz–GHz.

  2. micrOMEGAs 7: Beyond standard cosmology

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    The micrOMEGAs dark-matter package now solves Boltzmann equations with user-defined expansion and entropy histories, adds sub-GeV hadronic annihilation, and updates CMB, dwarf-galaxy, LZ, and CMS constraints.

  3. Primordial Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions during Reheating

    astro-ph.CO 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Phase transitions happening during reheating can produce gravitational-wave signals that are delayed, prolonged, and shifted in amplitude and frequency by orders of magnitude compared with standard cosmology.

  4. Gravitational Wave Spectrum from the Production of Dark Matter via the freeze-in Mechanism

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Graviton bremsstrahlung during freeze-in dark matter production yields a high-frequency gravitational wave background peaking near 5.35 x 10^10 Hz, with UV freeze-in amplitudes up to Omega_GW h^2 ~ 1e-17.

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