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Detectability of lensed gravitational waves in matched-filtering searches
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abstract
Gravitational lensing by compact, small-scale intervening masses causes frequency-dependent distortions to gravitational-wave events. The optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is often used as a proxy for the detectability of exotic signals in gravitational-wave searches. In reality, the detectability of such signals in a matched-filtering search requires comprehensive consideration of match-filtered SNR, signal-consistency test value, and other factors. In this work, we investigate for the first time the detectability of lensed gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences with a match-filtering search pipeline, GstLAL. Contrary to expectations from the optimal-SNR approximation approach, we show that the strength of a signal (i.e., higher optimal SNR) does not necessarily result in higher detectability. We also demonstrate that lensed gravitational waves with wave optics effects can suffer significantly, from $~90\%$ (unlensed) to $<1\%$ (lensed) detection efficiency, due to downranking by the signal-consistency test values. These findings stress the need to extend current template banks to effectively search for lensed gravitational waves and to reassess current constraints on compact dark matter scenarios.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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The diffraction-lensing interpretation of GW231123 with astrophysical priors
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Spin Precession Signatures as an Indicator of Microlensing in Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves
Microlensing wave-optics effects in strongly lensed gravitational waves can produce false evidence of spin precession, with the effect growing at higher signal-to-noise ratios.
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Biases in Tests of General Relativity from Microlensed Gravitational-Wave Signals
Microlensing in the wave-optics regime can push standard LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA general-relativity tests to false ~4–4.5σ deviations, even for signals that are perfectly consistent with GR.
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Discovering gravitational waveform distortions from lensing: A deep dive into GW231123
GW231123's apparent gravitational-lensing signal has a false-alarm probability around 4σ, so the event cannot be claimed as lensed under the two-image wave-optics model.
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Accelerated inference of microlensed gravitational waves with machine learning
A neural posterior estimator trained on wave-optics-microlensed gravitational-wave signals recovers source and lens parameters and Bayes factors consistent with Bilby, about 10 times faster.
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Multi-band observation of lensed gravitational waves as a probe of small-mass dark matter halos
Using Fisher forecasts, the paper shows that joint ET and DECIGO observations of one lensed gravitational wave can break the degeneracy between lens mass, impact parameter, and halo core size.
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