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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 59 of 59 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.14166.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.14166 v3

Coverage vector

measured 59 of 59 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.305228Z

measured 59 of 59 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

59 of 59 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy21
  • unresolved36
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fbe1dd60-540e-4772-9682-7b3e1c5d26c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.340944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.778138Z digest=sha256:3c326908c804bd3754a8b271862a8920de57551ac1ff141e9798517fd0dab6cf

Observation b0076a28-f1b8-4ca2-8100-6a3f1643c7c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.306042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.789115Z digest=sha256:7a9065b48a708d679bf5a67f76d8188a8b386b6600ed8dd2c36dc727196836fa

Observation 35b36d6a-e472-448a-8a9f-c91d4556a49d · outbound

This paper cites Arora, S.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Arora, S

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.283962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.797691Z digest=sha256:fed2198a4832a2ee15fdc1f726e96ffd1cdb70da410b93c7c42b506ebb701645

Observation a8692b2c-c6d0-4a21-9968-44e2a80089be · outbound

This paper cites Bertinetto, J.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Bertinetto, J

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.245825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.810779Z digest=sha256:b5ba6da77b6aec43b91016e99b01dcf2b3c675330928a2f32d863338e929d6bd

Observation 611f07d6-e145-4f33-bca8-f0de23850e1b · outbound

This paper cites Chang, M.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Chang, M

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.222114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.821965Z digest=sha256:6bfe0ad7a5f398f9f15e1ac11b85f0e44e40d6f80b615d035dd86bd70fecf2fc

Observation 6e598d5b-a951-406e-a53d-79474511e867 · outbound

This paper cites Chen and A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Chen and A

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.178473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.827513Z digest=sha256:40f518ee76bbdb793abbb6c6e8c2395a6205ddffa4b0eaae6fe482edf5aeff90

Observation bace8cf9-799b-40c2-9a68-321238c67e64 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.160741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.836105Z digest=sha256:34365780ecb7144b33eb367a67458964d574b9e295bebae8691f12c7c620f2d1

Observation cb11a721-e8ff-4ba3-95a9-011b07c79109 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.140519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.842772Z digest=sha256:2afca0c91c106a56d253408efb29ab24f597d65c15d1fa0c0f413fbca8f6b648

Observation 77a4965a-f14b-429f-9c78-f7884537e56e · outbound

This paper cites Decentralized Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Decentralized Bilevel Optimization

Reference 9

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.904429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.854926Z digest=sha256:eb76d2539f7e315d25df6f89fd945c04384ae1d3745f052f8156e0fe364c532f

Observation b28c4f4a-fabb-4c75-a57b-be511f7bba86 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.116148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.867853Z digest=sha256:d764adf5a7bc1c7d714c2418985bbc2460d6c54683b23d8910316087e23590f1

Observation f6be59ec-148f-43cf-93e6-5025ac101ec6 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal Algorithms for Stochastic Bilevel Optimization under Relaxed Smoothness Conditions.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Optimal Algorithms for Stochastic Bilevel Optimization under Relaxed Smoothness Conditions

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.875393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.875393Z digest=sha256:a29b1ba3878c5b3d4a0801a2a57916ac476816604ce456f61f00167103ad55b9

Observation 62d37e52-5187-4473-90a7-6703bca6f64e · outbound

This paper cites Dagréou, P.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Dagréou, P

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.089460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.882403Z digest=sha256:bb6f5fb100ec190e9555e81fc4fab41bcec23e93b55d63182d53f741954e5a20

Observation 49185202-f8f8-4563-b66c-a2a6cf02fb1a · outbound

This paper cites Di Lorenzo and G.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Di Lorenzo and G

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.039101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.891717Z digest=sha256:ee5b0dc3905b0ada430680212d25eb28b7e0fd410d3b804151d14063b57aa1df

Observation 7703e7ad-1cb6-4bfc-a765-4d39b7578470 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.014599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.898800Z digest=sha256:367a5b2e4c11622df36f3d2f80d8fdee23eabd8c5cdc1c87f4ceb4ffe2ddf691

Observation 8df695dd-542c-41e5-ad18-cab2236135b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.971964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.910151Z digest=sha256:707f16022f217389f49a8e1c45c302f3ffade81a01b10850d0ec779484edcf10

Observation 34d64e6a-028a-487f-84a5-5f2e208af050 · outbound

This paper cites A Single-Loop Algorithm for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization A Single-Loop Algorithm for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.919683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.919683Z digest=sha256:18350fbfea4ffe6e977fbc71e9406633e215b5505601574010faed8a8555d58f

Observation 0bab03dc-6786-4b82-8b81-cc2869b2df84 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.944692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.930689Z digest=sha256:cf1a20b8add34780ae6de5e6b33fa341a6fb7c7f0e53d75dc3bede63443f93d6

Observation 87db7f7b-2471-4654-9807-a17c45483c86 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.922212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.943487Z digest=sha256:144cab259842188bca99473c37e6a404796235fad5d227ddf4608aae35d76972

Observation d2b222ea-481b-4a06-b110-32aaa14ccd51 · outbound

This paper cites Franceschi, P.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Franceschi, P

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.893509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.953876Z digest=sha256:b2f3205ddf544ac952fc63e10c93d6e7d990364e7d2de505f3ea95df7f7b9098

Observation 02429a62-97a4-4ad9-954b-f98f5dd043ed · outbound

This paper cites LancBiO: dynamic Lanczos-aided bilevel optimization via Krylov subspace.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization LancBiO: dynamic Lanczos-aided bilevel optimization via Krylov subspace

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.962567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.962567Z digest=sha256:62bd8280615a71d5d5c8ef4c5ccf0b83d245d97f5dc3369e028637fa7eb40631

Observation 3909672f-d2ee-47e0-9b71-f7b25f7caa7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.863121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.974024Z digest=sha256:4ba5db75e7f575673585af740461ecb41fd377febfb63c68428a4df36702a4f3

Observation 8b913e65-c43c-4072-88e3-4aac8dbb102c · outbound

This paper cites Approximation Methods for Bilevel Programming.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Approximation Methods for Bilevel Programming

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.981141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.981141Z digest=sha256:57613e3959c6d2b6cbd15584162380e56e78852ec7a4154ef1b03a4f79e586fd

Observation 09ca460b-5ba1-481a-b7a8-49b2ab0f778e · outbound

This paper cites Grazzi, L.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Grazzi, L

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.840734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.987424Z digest=sha256:317f2a31b696e526256ef0c8c81d3edfdf7b4bde4ad7e0147531602c0e1e7df6

Observation 348a974c-8f00-422b-8032-44ebcc022827 · outbound

This paper cites Randomized Stochastic Variance-Reduced Methods for Multi-Task Stochastic Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Randomized Stochastic Variance-Reduced Methods for Multi-Task Stochastic Bilevel Optimization

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.993987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.993987Z digest=sha256:3ac364c4c13e4728eb12edbe5d5922c78613b1bccb6015b869d33cb48bc68207

Observation 571532c6-0454-4acf-b2a2-6fc94ac5a414 · outbound

This paper cites Hong, H.-T.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Hong, H.-T

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.816568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.008496Z digest=sha256:1815fcc6c2bbe3de3f63b01c84dfe0cefd140a9a3bba94c1bb36bd8f86add1b7

Observation cef92806-8dd9-49f4-b3b1-c21bdac55d36 · outbound

This paper cites Jakovetić.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Jakovetić

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.792713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.029459Z digest=sha256:5fb6e4156ca7cb302fd2257f9c58883a8f56c1349f034ee6869d52c5fcd47aaf

Observation e0793f1f-a655-4b11-93ca-60bf35fc8d81 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.766480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.038484Z digest=sha256:e4c05fc11e5ebc9a3add86f9e0bc8117d24f7159132c9207530c8cf2e095ed70

Observation fc5a77fa-16b6-4b2b-96fb-1de485e09ada · outbound

This paper cites Koloskova, T.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Koloskova, T

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.732028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.044462Z digest=sha256:1bec08ef6603234bc6f16a90660a13ed79bd731d7b870f2f52aca64fe4e4847a

Observation 5838b312-c807-40c4-b874-3a4eaa30c342 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.051130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.051130Z digest=sha256:5b59bebe1c53d40d61fe5dae46fc63229b9991c4698b5e346f8c49d161507c5c

Observation 3b9e30e5-36d3-4fd3-a569-8c5d1e76e5f4 · outbound

This paper cites A decentralized proximal-gradient method with network independent step-sizes and separated convergence rates.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization A decentralized proximal-gradient method with network independent step-sizes and separated convergence rates

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.057934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.057934Z digest=sha256:1332514420c72dbfb858860714f269f23895e138277f68aa9a404af567d72e0a

Observation 2b26e8ea-d391-4391-978a-78f7405e3f62 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.693034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.070033Z digest=sha256:d004b2e022c9e437c3247b40f2c1ea3812b89a8aab06a6fff614862f20cfad0d

Observation 86baf386-c0f1-409e-901d-4ddc38b3f1fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.660375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.076144Z digest=sha256:7f5528ebc06e52fc1fab094c613c75f20944613c2eb0484ce69222db23f06ad9

Observation 258ae2a3-08e6-4915-b1e4-a51ac31b0d88 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.622832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.082158Z digest=sha256:6192b03667c3200dd074c74af3367ca541bdfabfa8f7db90c155bdec4f7753e8

Observation 70026993-0f77-4e49-85d9-9e7ffb49566e · outbound

This paper cites Lu and C.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Lu and C

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.597148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.096184Z digest=sha256:b2c5ed9c2665953c66aaa21adf8518cafaeb4c05e5f2465247c7c67599d545dd

Observation 17d9a781-60e0-4eda-a1e7-412385361de5 · outbound

This paper cites Maclaurin, D.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Maclaurin, D

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.568743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.102673Z digest=sha256:204b4903b34521024507d18f76adb34f58a69c44def2e4557ca28e771a80e07d

Observation 18831dd3-3ecb-42ac-8dc2-634d2f06c1a8 · outbound

This paper cites Madry, A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Madry, A

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.543338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.119957Z digest=sha256:21a8dc1a8711be5f0a48d63bb11232f57b4123bad1a62229c024f381357c1184

Observation 1ea912f1-0cf2-4f16-aa72-33cb03362a25 · outbound

This paper cites Nedić, A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Nedić, A

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.519663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.127377Z digest=sha256:7ef410c3c7ca08f8113da88e696c44acb88b67b13e72d9a7529267a5e01c33a7

Observation 7539d699-681b-42bd-ae67-cb2fd143bacb · outbound

This paper cites Nedic, A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Nedic, A

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.494148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.134496Z digest=sha256:93ab9ad4e18b3e93de9e5f27137c4159354c39b48730e35c4a148bafada875e1

Observation 798c32a1-64f3-4295-8e85-19b81f861b9c · outbound

This paper cites Nedic and A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Nedic and A

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.470311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.143132Z digest=sha256:2dedbf4c6f13e7aafff5355e2866117a1cc3fe503ecc19f5980fe035575ac14d

Observation 1036be13-fa4b-4d92-b657-b6e775953827 · outbound

This paper cites Distributed Stochastic Bilevel Optimization: Improved Complexity and Heterogeneity Analysis.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Distributed Stochastic Bilevel Optimization: Improved Complexity and Heterogeneity Analysis

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.155295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.155295Z digest=sha256:2a36ff3294920b1ddc2aeb232b2b927ba4928072f391bcbd572e77bee08808c4

Observation 3bc05dcc-08d6-49b9-9c50-b24f6b404b75 · outbound

This paper cites Qu and N.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Qu and N

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.429911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.161683Z digest=sha256:88ce1bf9dee396db4e1a9a50c23f228c95435bb463c61897d3c2206299750487

Observation be18df1f-27cb-4848-ae0f-53aab92232f8 · outbound

This paper cites Russakovsky, J.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Russakovsky, J

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.404760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.169342Z digest=sha256:f10460229322ceabed9c4ec5d53843bcc9054980c3cec3e51150e997c4332a99

Observation 65609810-d980-4b51-89e7-3d57f0c2a4d0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.374499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.182383Z digest=sha256:a34732f9686e468300aac7fb57e18c02787134cbe4b363a18214c5707305eca1

Observation e7159864-c425-4c40-8386-604a8d88ca76 · outbound

This paper cites Shaban, C.-A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Shaban, C.-A

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.344785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.189840Z digest=sha256:552031a9d9419545e984d4b387f711b302f3110bc4fbb1ece9a4c5e836b604bf

Observation 5d2b7872-9bca-4094-8e4b-55084190f38d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.323611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.196384Z digest=sha256:b243d5b2c5c609326633fbb04d948dd5f2cb0c5620d4b7dd965fa30d51099f2a

Observation 8e1f3441-4ad5-4071-addb-21ed09fccd6a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.298663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.203112Z digest=sha256:74d04b1b8ffca1b02ce7f94e5de380526c3368b1293c95218cd5d0c1f1b6bfad

Observation 2490c189-6a9d-40fb-8d74-d491297a1d57 · outbound

This paper cites Vinyals, C.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Vinyals, C

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.272457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.211240Z digest=sha256:c0b3634b90977189a9d6addc5d875e2966f0baa386a55e5c1ee5bd5e75cdbe0d

Observation a97808aa-5a54-48f2-b1d1-09632bfa3503 · outbound

This paper cites Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.218271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.218271Z digest=sha256:3943333f377a771a9a9f01fecbc06d3dab1f2b1443258c65be30cdc6ec9a3074

Observation 6aa2e441-8559-4376-ac3d-80bdeeb699ec · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.239162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.226302Z digest=sha256:d82c26031b7812b739329a4949cb701f88d7865c6f79de6904b5a4b089f4f265

Observation e3c21f72-70d2-425a-85b4-4e5d61bcbb7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.202792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.232424Z digest=sha256:12cd05c1249e3928d625f694d25c3d4808855d0a14fe201d0d27aae9eb2ac33e

Observation 5797a7e8-6e0a-4b65-bf7a-5aa8192dfd0b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.160000Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.241572Z digest=sha256:060c1f8c53dbd6cc38f9b4e90bea097fbd0eb5604360c3fa5657ca846dc817c9

Observation df4e2f7d-72e8-4621-b7d6-35ebb4714dd1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.137164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.247698Z digest=sha256:9e4ce6546ce9499556a0da02f900bf9e3ad37f47e8fa1054058bfce6e2a3895e

Observation b2e050f4-cf94-4ddd-b68b-8cbee9627524 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.111399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.259516Z digest=sha256:b849ef669ea2b6be311a9df4e7831db7e452670d4286aedea08e149a31ab3d70

Observation f408dcac-c5fb-42c4-8379-4ba5b1524a58 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.080626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.265020Z digest=sha256:933b876b25bfd4fbd3e9c48666cf7fc6b0fd6079404c6136c1c7148164e76784

Observation 1c241b14-f9c9-43c0-9ce0-def471aceb83 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.054545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.272846Z digest=sha256:896a0190350008c822c25bd8e851a53d7b6bdb1ec9494f211982e9e1187bb8ea

Observation 2324c8c1-76f0-45e6-b431-d8d0e5117b2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.004371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.280127Z digest=sha256:363b4745152ffa3eb115b611e418d4917c7b4f0d453c8b8c3470d0dacc92bc31

Observation 6c569dad-e201-4ad7-af90-918fc818d990 · outbound

This paper cites On the Communication Complexity of Decentralized Stochastic Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization On the Communication Complexity of Decentralized Stochastic Bilevel Optimization

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.287431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.287431Z digest=sha256:4d581bd4f27dce1e2e6abaa8f987e6e6782ec9588591546fa24935ea58792f0f

Observation d1dbbebb-0a17-4b19-910e-9f6ad5ba1f50 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.972036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.299504Z digest=sha256:02e3d26f723efc69f83b178818f172374b49bbb9e26dcf44ebea4e7fc04324cc

Observation 5506f1f4-3a71-4808-83a6-3cbece907521 · outbound

This paper cites κ2∥Oy∥2∥ˆek+1 y ∥2 n # + 6(K + 1)γ µgn 3σ2 g,2 L2 f,0 µ2g + σ2 f,1 ! + 73κ4.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization κ2∥Oy∥2∥ˆek+1 y ∥2 n # + 6(K + 1)γ µgn 3σ2 g,2 L2 f,0 µ2g + σ2 f,1 ! + 73κ4

Reference 59

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.938887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.305228Z digest=sha256:70d40b6ff9c5a1fa49c4ef24264ce99397efa2e963ef67f45b97b0d9285ac80b

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.