Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 13 of 13 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2411.16462.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.16462 v2

Coverage vector

measured 13 of 13 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.260085Z

measured 14 of 14 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.195323Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.316049Z

Reference resolution

13 of 13 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy6
unresolved5
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a6bfc106-9767-434a-a011-fe95759cebbc · outbound

This paper cites While this rate decreases with 8 workers (as ties are less likely), it is still significant.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion While this rate decreases with 8 workers (as ties are less likely), it is still significant

Reference 3

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.627379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e8642751-aed3-4955-a9a1-0dfbd00b5c6b · outbound

This paper cites Note that when a high-speed interconnect (e.g.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Note that when a high-speed interconnect (e.g

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.586316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a2377347-ed85-4710-8d88-4575b2ccc120 · outbound

This paper cites Nishino, R.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Nishino, R

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.798949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation cdb1fb59-6969-4d4e-97a5-f851dff9e035 · outbound

This paper cites Communication-Efficient Distributed Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Communication-Efficient Distributed Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.050824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c792b82-890c-4135-b404-61ead4eb7467 · outbound

This paper cites Improved Quantization Strategies for Managing Heavy-tailed Gradients in Distributed Learning.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Improved Quantization Strategies for Managing Heavy-tailed Gradients in Distributed Learning

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.303274Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation d209c83e-1b75-430e-ad08-dee4e9c42162 · outbound

This paper cites CIFAR5m Figure 14 presents an ablation study of quantization functions for ResNet-18 trained on CIFAR5m and CIFAR100.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion CIFAR5m Figure 14 presents an ablation study of quantization functions for ResNet-18 trained on CIFAR5m and CIFAR100

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.599698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3b30d6fc-cc12-41e9-955c-ab2e74f96d39 · outbound

This paper cites We trained a 735M parameter GPT model on OpenWebText with 16 GPUs using a cluster equipped with 4 H100 GPUs per node.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion We trained a 735M parameter GPT model on OpenWebText with 16 GPUs using a cluster equipped with 4 H100 GPUs per node

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.561881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e0ee32d1-d573-42d2-917b-798a00a55ee1 · outbound

This paper cites Ethernet.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Ethernet

Reference 280

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.470439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5ff17317-eb88-4327-b6a9-dea4360a9bff · outbound

This paper cites Petals: Collaborative Inference and Fine-tuning of Large Models.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Petals: Collaborative Inference and Fine-tuning of Large Models

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:25.970177Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c9da347c-d106-48d0-9321-1198500b3f21 · outbound

This paper cites P., Veit, A., Kim, S., Reddi, S., Kumar, S., and Sra, S.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion P., Veit, A., Kim, S., Reddi, S., Kumar, S., and Sra, S

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.782751Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 92cf4c5f-15ab-429b-8a31-2d9e72e0fdda · outbound

This paper cites A., and Van Essen, B.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion A., and Van Essen, B

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.032127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 47a64527-d7f8-4590-983f-b3785cc904c2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Unresolved cited work

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.815751Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c860488c-4478-4b10-bfc6-0c65f3aa7811 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T13:13:26.036272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation fb919009-c46c-4f6f-8e2d-e6216c760784 · inbound

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings cites this paper.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.322334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.