Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.18968.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.18968 v3

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.726508Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy4
unresolved35
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5f250c5a-b4e5-484c-8153-5b71c67f3e15 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.518866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d6f58225-9900-4006-91f1-23fb3bfc5d6d · outbound

This paper cites Y.; Saligrama, V.; and Kalai, A.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Y.; Saligrama, V.; and Kalai, A

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.500954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6c3ab90b-dfad-40b3-a9dd-017ffae4487c · outbound

This paper cites J.; and Narayanan, A.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models J.; and Narayanan, A

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.483683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e931806d-d49b-4a02-888a-eddc1f6e9608 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.465734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 847c5018-8bd6-4068-b6d8-bcac460edb0b · outbound

This paper cites Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.560884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eacdc16c-86a3-4135-bfba-bc5947006a89 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.448203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1e5121ea-7ad3-4e30-aeec-7e292ae2fd1d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.431381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation daa01dd6-4da1-44a5-b008-8f39afb1418f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.413985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 74a5d835-4fcb-48e5-9e17-3557f14c8bd9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.394786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 96090373-dd21-4312-9724-3a804634f87c · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.585067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1be5705-ab65-4301-8b89-5f7566650f7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.376181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation dccfab2a-2a0c-4ffe-a075-a4d011edcb95 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.358332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 10b09876-a852-42b5-afd1-76aed70f36d0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.340570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4e2c7df7-d39f-494c-bef4-f3eae74c02ab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.322353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation fad728ff-f71b-4b49-a49d-718d0761b6b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.302530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 72135e13-5b2f-4baf-b96a-99fcc8ebb3c6 · outbound

This paper cites W.; Wallach, H.; Iii, H.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models W.; Wallach, H.; Iii, H

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.613881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 130f47b6-4a61-44a2-8e7d-2d24d4fb8bf7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.273533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation be73e4ad-888e-4652-b601-fef8968d48e2 · outbound

This paper cites Transparent Human Evaluation for Image Captioning.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Transparent Human Evaluation for Image Captioning

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.623203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0905eee0-4fbe-4e2c-bc13-4cf86b70d89d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.627534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 20b108e2-7e44-4e05-abee-833ed77af9d6 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking Detection Transfer Learning with Vision Transformers.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Benchmarking Detection Transfer Learning with Vision Transformers

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.631913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a4f77cd-fe64-4a49-99a3-245ae888edc3 · outbound

This paper cites Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.637986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 407b8522-a92d-4ee8-bfef-e0452c84a5c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.240070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1bb3cdae-8ccc-4b04-a18d-25d1fccc8e2f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.222501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6d4c1f6e-9977-4541-b1af-55493af59717 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.203516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 2279ed85-f86a-421e-aae9-65da0d1e2615 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.184221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 98c0defd-e295-497b-a5a9-d3927394bbdc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.159783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation fc9215f1-928f-48ba-aeae-efa85721729b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.138775Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 929daa29-e08d-4318-b48b-b2ad5f76f3d9 · outbound

This paper cites M.; Van Hulse, J.; and Napolitano, A.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models M.; Van Hulse, J.; and Napolitano, A

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.115010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 370aabbc-151a-433c-8887-dd78b30fb39e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.090926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e98f8692-cbc4-4481-b668-4285e78cea28 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.066958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4815cda4-c9e8-4ff5-9380-cf781e4dbd21 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.043309Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b28aeb45-686c-4b5a-82e7-e1bc61e89141 · outbound

This paper cites H.; and Hauska, H.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models H.; and Hauska, H

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.026234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6bc4be8c-e6b4-411d-9a94-d35ead841299 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models can accurately predict searcher preferences.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Large language models can accurately predict searcher preferences

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.693164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0b72f8eb-cb68-43a6-92d7-ec0a5d33f3a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:01.009661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5709c3cf-2d02-41ee-a0ec-c543bf963868 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.702843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 68a05402-b684-4cd0-a881-7b919caed706 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.707251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89cc2fa3-756e-439f-9ab2-01ee55d6088b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.981220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 9dab5f83-6bbc-43be-9bdb-1e371fe66325 · outbound

This paper cites Dissonance Between Human and Machine Understanding.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models Dissonance Between Human and Machine Understanding

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.770709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a62d2a18-bf29-4e42-9f91-1fa930928475 · outbound

This paper cites , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.721331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69c8589d-6d4a-4f64-b766-9b87caf94d04 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between Humans and Foundation Models write newline

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:45:00.726508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.