Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.01486.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.01486 v2

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:26.852698Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy30
  • unresolved6
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 3c68cf36-ea2a-4fa8-bce3-413ab0715799 · outbound

This paper cites H airer’s Multilevel Schauder Estimates without Regularity Structures.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling H airer’s Multilevel Schauder Estimates without Regularity Structures

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.528038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.688411Z digest=sha256:da3aa1f8dd811b9f604964d978c51f1e5abe8174a8b51a39e2c9675ed99f7d5b

Observation 3c23a13f-7ce4-47fa-8f5f-f244fa61dfec · outbound

This paper cites Distributions sur un groupe localement compa ct et applications ` a l’´ etude des repr´ esentations des groupes ℘-adiques.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Distributions sur un groupe localement compa ct et applications ` a l’´ etude des repr´ esentations des groupes ℘-adiques

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.511746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.693778Z digest=sha256:e78dbde48de99e6763c0ef1d7ebef066289242401ec71d74a7ef7cbb349d51c6

Observation 16cb26c2-6b7f-409c-867e-42babb1f23de · outbound

This paper cites Hairer’s Reconst ruction Theorem without Regularity Structures.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Hairer’s Reconst ruction Theorem without Regularity Structures

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.496079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.698591Z digest=sha256:7be9d9a586f2790b2451741be0dade448e46f0f624dfbec234845fc234d7d6cc

Observation 6e1859ed-7b30-4a7b-ad44-ab069fb9d8dc · outbound

This paper cites A Prio ri Bounds for 2-d Generalised Parabolic Anderson Model.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling A Prio ri Bounds for 2-d Generalised Parabolic Anderson Model

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:26.703568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.703568Z digest=sha256:1849db4be8a6a28be2e0fef0e5fcace0dc8294d2f80266f939718e473606de0f

Observation 35153191-f5c0-4907-b25b-1411963f283c · outbound

This paper cites Some Liouville Theo rems for the Fractional Laplacian.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Some Liouville Theo rems for the Fractional Laplacian

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.480063Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.708222Z digest=sha256:36ddbd55c5b20c8e0e14750e860eed8d88590784cae0b5271c31025bef271cd1

Observation 17852726-923a-4d09-9c8e-ae207b621caa · outbound

This paper cites Strong Solutions to t he Stochastic Quantization Equations.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Strong Solutions to t he Stochastic Quantization Equations

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.464371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.712732Z digest=sha256:72852cd64591b66c3c1a651d664aa313b251c065a9158c76c5c5be258f48896a

Observation 2a911be5-50b0-4b43-9f76-6d0a187d1b18 · outbound

This paper cites Discretisation of Regularity Struc tures.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Discretisation of Regularity Struc tures

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.449979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.718092Z digest=sha256:a8d87306d8b817c64d7cc8bd3d934b664dee854be2d2ce03c01098768c86f748

Observation 4d0d2d8d-7d88-4bcf-ac21-b46599a4bd33 · outbound

This paper cites A priori bounds for the dynamic fractional $\Phi^4$ model on $\mathbb{T}^3$ in the full subcritical regime.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling A priori bounds for the dynamic fractional $\Phi^4$ model on $\mathbb{T}^3$ in the full subcritical regime

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:26.722507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.722507Z digest=sha256:8565e3e17fbc726ffcd7b6e2038ffa78ac0323d4e9b9af022fff4e3d76d54652

Observation 060ba139-3b70-4209-8e47-a4d496cf9547 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.436086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.727091Z digest=sha256:82254074817a4eb1b1aa616c11eeb886cbe2e96da6114e390f9d618b733d56fa

Observation bd502041-8c7a-4a92-b4f6-5b0309714ce6 · outbound

This paper cites Friz and Martin Hairer.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Friz and Martin Hairer

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.421527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.731268Z digest=sha256:099901598d691fcc8f73b02c071c363b29b618a7e5d6e784022a888668d8d1da

Observation ef9b1c20-4fde-48b3-a582-7446ae8d02bb · outbound

This paper cites Controlling Rough Paths.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Controlling Rough Paths

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.406875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.735785Z digest=sha256:639ba7886a63c61705228fe86e63014cef115bd92f39e034c36d4877e4e7c42c

Observation 3968c48c-0050-482b-a049-63c69b4a731c · outbound

This paper cites A PDE Constructio n of the Euclidean φ4 3 Quantum Field Theory.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling A PDE Constructio n of the Euclidean φ4 3 Quantum Field Theory

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.391037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.740578Z digest=sha256:85117bb1448f6ebd672dd5a301455685137c896e89a71727471a7b0b86d6db84

Observation e0c00d08-b6d0-4b29-a491-39d680857681 · outbound

This paper cites Parac ontrolled Distributions and Singular PDEs.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Parac ontrolled Distributions and Singular PDEs

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.375776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.745382Z digest=sha256:6097f2880447e843bf544486d61ce08b703fc2eedbde40debe18be6fb90ec496

Observation eea968d9-e733-4670-a2d9-03351b7f3ae2 · outbound

This paper cites Solving the KPZ Equation.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Solving the KPZ Equation

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.359880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.750227Z digest=sha256:b77a35cfda28db4fbeedb6136c43c3db3282a9beea99c2a6df9d48a4b11cea23

Observation eff2bea6-4e3d-4a03-84fb-1a43b7b4dd41 · outbound

This paper cites A Theory of Regularity Structures.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling A Theory of Regularity Structures

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.344593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.754859Z digest=sha256:d3b4cbba157ee4db862750e93062ed6b8f1966b6e66079d9feb5b60198021c6d

Observation 86d1193e-1465-443e-abb2-d626745b01d2 · outbound

This paper cites Discretisations of Roug h Stochastic PDEs.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Discretisations of Roug h Stochastic PDEs

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.329231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.759551Z digest=sha256:55d3b3bd350ea834d7e3b72f0123026d184245aa825bbb7d03e71968978cc7c2

Observation 12607136-f83f-4b9b-bbeb-17e05465ba62 · outbound

This paper cites A Wong-Zakai Theorem for Stochastic PDEs.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling A Wong-Zakai Theorem for Stochastic PDEs

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.313352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.763974Z digest=sha256:cd42a2d17e52bb787e8d4f08a8c19f17b846271e7f9f6ec8ff719977a5d2c579

Observation d328fcb3-58e6-4a59-a9a4-c11aa8a2b192 · outbound

This paper cites The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.297453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.768647Z digest=sha256:6b52c58a11dd45b07fb2e769f29ca0fe60218e5707bed1177f79d70b83b15470

Observation 6185f83c-dc36-4cf1-9820-23a72fc637b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.281698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.773466Z digest=sha256:bf18ac48ea9fd6d419667f3db69069851277625b108f58e0962dd02ad32d75eb

Observation 89977fab-e858-4bd7-ba19-2b4f2f130cc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.265871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.778266Z digest=sha256:62f7e4be37d67af02d61a3ed1a3faf09c5d8dce8043cd75cdf04530882e74054

Observation e5ee6166-e4d5-4a54-b60c-c46689ed8118 · outbound

This paper cites A Diagram-Free Approach to the Stochastic Estimates in Regularity Structures.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling A Diagram-Free Approach to the Stochastic Estimates in Regularity Structures

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.250476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.782647Z digest=sha256:782cbd5d12668af9c427dfa82938e15f2f5510eb832b4c39982e34e1df01e872

Observation 71075151-5258-4eab-829b-e155cc70b4c8 · outbound

This paper cites Paracontrolled Distributions on Bravais Lattices and Weak Universality of the 2D Parabolic Anderson Model.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Paracontrolled Distributions on Bravais Lattices and Weak Universality of the 2D Parabolic Anderson Model

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.235030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.787079Z digest=sha256:3251678fb0165e0f4373c63bd3fdf932481a7d8fec7ab2e264e9a50da813d843

Observation ca9051a8-df3f-4cb2-9f2a-c8cc0d1a1adf · outbound

This paper cites Extension of Range of Functions.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Extension of Range of Functions

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.220214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.791767Z digest=sha256:da5192b1a52ac312df7c63dd47bd757481eb1bda35eb9ed0819a8ceb7186143d

Observation 38f9a1e5-0378-4155-bcbc-4015564252b9 · outbound

This paper cites Space-time Localisation for the Dynamic Model.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Space-time Localisation for the Dynamic Model

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.205175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.796398Z digest=sha256:ab3206f0a83d336af42df8865e792acf95783832111dca30f30f62957fa9ff43

Observation 06aa6cfb-936f-4a56-9b58-121cc27a47fc · outbound

This paper cites Sur l’´ equation de la chaleur.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Sur l’´ equation de la chaleur

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.189652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.801118Z digest=sha256:5fad777b013a9c98ac286b4df3fd680882dc7ef089407f1747d96f51556acbc6

Observation 4ea185e7-d41d-4e93-aae2-290e2b7c2be5 · outbound

This paper cites Parabolic equations with rough coefficients and singular forcing.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Parabolic equations with rough coefficients and singular forcing

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:26.805680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.805680Z digest=sha256:0dbda7b218af1241fd702b71a6dfaf7000d35f6336f8f4a2353d0e82c473f000

Observation 49bb282d-43fe-41b3-9bcd-d28f5927ae84 · outbound

This paper cites Smith, and Hendrik Weber.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Smith, and Hendrik Weber

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.173630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.810741Z digest=sha256:d4005b22a0470164caad0bac847229b8f2b14dd91d8e5c53655a148502850346

Observation 3bcec7b0-6b0c-4a3a-a8b6-011c4886d69f · outbound

This paper cites Quasilinear SPDEs via Rough Paths.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Quasilinear SPDEs via Rough Paths

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.157844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.815476Z digest=sha256:9e0273c6ce732d0c1bcc3a935f94ab106193934fe6b16db5e005aa8ec4fc24cc

Observation a8e65f7f-07d6-472e-9e1c-f5e2f2e9531a · outbound

This paper cites Fourier Analysis on Groups.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Fourier Analysis on Groups

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.141108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.820120Z digest=sha256:ee9c72c14165d23c8281181a79c4c91e4ceb75e4ac0edafb4d5c38b9b2a21c22

Observation 5cf05c71-c23a-40e0-bb5c-94c93a237c90 · outbound

This paper cites Functional Analysis.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Functional Analysis

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.125908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.824873Z digest=sha256:ac7a2da7e905b038e2e719e1f7a5d6906ef122c4eeef5175487797a3026e551f

Observation adc9867a-3a02-42f3-a336-67b845dc3570 · outbound

This paper cites Pseudo-Differential Operators and Symmetries , volume 2 of Pseudo- Differential Operators.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Pseudo-Differential Operators and Symmetries , volume 2 of Pseudo- Differential Operators

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.109733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.829240Z digest=sha256:320740b8864817ccb3067e945326418fb9d5333caf77b62cb3bd32e29f754872

Observation 4f0d78b7-533b-40af-a70b-21365de77a77 · outbound

This paper cites Th´ eorie des distributions, volume IX-X of Publications de l’Institut de Math´ ematique de l’Universit´ e de Strasbourg.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Th´ eorie des distributions, volume IX-X of Publications de l’Institut de Math´ ematique de l’Universit´ e de Strasbourg

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.091997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.834053Z digest=sha256:b2a040a10b5a9fa30adcd09c89750b57beead355261835778a9295224104538d

Observation 7d55fc18-fb3a-4791-abc2-81886b50bd57 · outbound

This paper cites Schauder Estimates by Scaling.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Schauder Estimates by Scaling

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.075702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.838688Z digest=sha256:b9683a5d1f2b3f81330d432d090c930261e38d99c724964d035e7ec15f9bc581

Observation db0adab8-81c2-4fd0-8559-86135e4f254f · outbound

This paper cites Elliptic Difference Equatio ns and Interior Regularity.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Elliptic Difference Equatio ns and Interior Regularity

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.059361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.843256Z digest=sha256:3d1c2446168f5b1d45bf5c70cbad97fa2ffb6df5ffb15cf2f0187156e3fc51ea

Observation 2f203f2b-e2da-4539-80b3-e45e47f5b727 · outbound

This paper cites 62 of Pure and Applied Mathematics.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling 62 of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.043203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.847894Z digest=sha256:6b81115b760781f5d7a3d777f20c9d19e4d077b0cb65b70348a6b60d763c9d2a

Observation a3973a04-c16d-4fc4-9214-2814bf168b98 · outbound

This paper cites Liouville Theorems for Linear Elliptic Systems.

Schauder Estimates for Germs by Scaling Liouville Theorems for Linear Elliptic Systems

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:26:27.027200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:26:26.852698Z digest=sha256:800e269fae29ad44475e68df9662cfc23eeb8087752c5dbaa859207c743d8081

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.