Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 42 of 42 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.11231.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.11231 v1

Coverage vector

measured 42 of 42 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.728902Z

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:39:05.149784Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T12:39:08.531302Z

Reference resolution

42 of 42 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy3
unresolved39
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b7d56bf7-0d5f-4ff9-b66d-4ad3ce874380 · outbound

This paper cites Program Synthesis with Large Language Models.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Program Synthesis with Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.555225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ac370c2-0533-4634-9e49-37eaf87a95d6 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.560513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 63e3c996-d239-49da-836f-45403e09934d · outbound

This paper cites InternLM2 Technical Report.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers InternLM2 Technical Report

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.564849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10259e01-b9a6-4d1d-8f7f-08f58bd81cff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.571477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 85245dae-e03e-40be-abd3-7efad70f86da · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.576240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 09de2277-be39-4b33-8fea-d50b540ebbba · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, and Eric P.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, and Eric P

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.580209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0055a91-97c6-4f56-8fcf-da7164b8deca · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.585811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ffd50adf-01a5-4c5b-8748-31b5edbdfca9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.589743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75f27857-aab2-47e3-8a38-edd42f29adce · outbound

This paper cites Self-play with Execution Feedback: Improving Instruction-following Capabilities of Large Language Models.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Self-play with Execution Feedback: Improving Instruction-following Capabilities of Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.593819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f465516c-8e68-40d5-8463-6e321f97f725 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.601603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc08ef33-9ff4-471a-b58f-8dea53a7c9b7 · outbound

This paper cites Hashimoto.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Hashimoto

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.429352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 22e339e2-7109-48de-b20b-b298d636250e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.610835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23fa6a39-74af-4771-b8d1-4ada2469d946 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.614466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 859d07f9-7a8b-417a-b1dd-ee015bead584 · outbound

This paper cites Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen - Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen - Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.618714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 156dff92-623b-409e-ba90-a183e7b342fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.368562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation e5e711b2-47d8-471f-b1a2-09cc8322d809 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Mistral 7B

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.629549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee80354d-20a5-4c66-9b54-ec43a332339b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.633047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c4c24852-5fbb-4659-a273-0210f96bb75a · outbound

This paper cites o pf, Yannic Kilcher, Dimitri von R \.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers o pf, Yannic Kilcher, Dimitri von R \

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.355165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 79d59fa1-0b98-4d58-b61a-922400840ac2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.639320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2faac374-9f93-43b4-ae56-f82e83d612ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.642549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33683eb8-ec48-4391-99a6-3ced8d1eb6bc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.338376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 6a5325a3-c085-415c-b088-940576c446fd · outbound

This paper cites WizardMath: Empowering Mathematical Reasoning for Large Language Models via Reinforced Evol-Instruct.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers WizardMath: Empowering Mathematical Reasoning for Large Language Models via Reinforced Evol-Instruct

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.649136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c30c0c43-87e5-4958-ad20-3df1561e3033 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.320987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 19999289-71b0-47d0-a9d0-0adc679ff725 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.656926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 77bb23d7-e659-48c1-9aef-6266d81d7546 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.661188Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6e5cc29-c67b-491a-894c-1a748b004ad5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.665065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf9a0c29-ca18-4038-a359-19f8bbc23732 · outbound

This paper cites Hashimoto.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Hashimoto

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.669725Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9fa6bb52-9610-4143-a809-b691a9483565 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.674423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4bfe2ff0-164f-4c66-bd10-4e1b3d042332 · outbound

This paper cites Smith, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Smith, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.678481Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9eefa41c-4949-49ff-aed3-778700414800 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.682800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6476a845-0821-42c0-b5d8-293a7a8a4e37 · outbound

This paper cites Magpie: Alignment Data Synthesis from Scratch by Prompting Aligned LLMs with Nothing.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Magpie: Alignment Data Synthesis from Scratch by Prompting Aligned LLMs with Nothing

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.686854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16d0e744-1e91-489b-9822-612b34c84163 · outbound

This paper cites Stronger Models are NOT Stronger Teachers for Instruction Tuning.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Stronger Models are NOT Stronger Teachers for Instruction Tuning

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.691547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 79d139a9-e90e-4a83-9ff8-6e86bcd386ec · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.695150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89a0808f-8104-4db4-980c-eafd0666aa5b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.254654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation c61ef94c-1f05-4e05-9936-e4ba8297eb23 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.703405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a09faa53-4f85-42b6-8e20-c2f513fb81be · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.238718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation bfd89202-5247-4292-850e-61e6c6583784 · outbound

This paper cites Xing, Joseph E.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Xing, Joseph E

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.223456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 557805b0-3a24-43f3-bd8f-c8672fbec8e2 · outbound

This paper cites LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.714530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 328a0e06-748b-40ee-be01-bf92470d273f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:01.207944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation df00ec3f-9d1e-451d-8792-da89d5f576f6 · outbound

This paper cites Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Models.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Models

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.721702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cdbf0188-5e31-4bc8-9ffd-0255e9b3d96c · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.725171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 51ca3e0f-5aed-407a-8dda-b56c568b7ebf · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers write newline

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:13:00.728902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 4d771b5e-c30f-4974-b821-0a6f56cc8700 · inbound

Tag-Evol: Achieving Efficient Instruction Evolving via Tag Injection cites this paper.

Tag-Evol: Achieving Efficient Instruction Evolving via Tag Injection Smaller Language Models Are Better Instruction Evolvers

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:39:08.614604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.