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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.13720.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.13720 v2

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.373534Z

measured 23 of 23 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:27:05.454214Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T14:27:07.078659Z

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy8
  • unresolved14
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ad1028ae-223c-4c74-881b-13b3a61936e7 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models: A Survey.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.291951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.291951Z digest=sha256:d9aca24c6778e30ce565a445b0fd05651de1a930e38fb66f4b8d0c9d0ad88775

Observation a518c5ce-2854-4969-8568-e1e287804a1d · outbound

This paper cites & Kiela, D.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models & Kiela, D

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.650822Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.297058Z digest=sha256:f50bf498441b6226de6ec98c0d8e3dafb938438bc8308ecffbe37c94ba633294

Observation 97ab8bcf-e078-40fb-81e9-6da62a593edf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.640093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.301191Z digest=sha256:f64501bd869e8554be901d69e5de347aa209d5fcd7418c5a3155e363f344c037

Observation ca8ba80a-2047-4696-9a52-fcbe1a66a480 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.628753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.305128Z digest=sha256:e0c6ab949224e1c3340ff9ab98cd272252e2b097994f1bbdc70998f8db7e2225

Observation 62176f2f-d81c-43f0-ad00-6a243efd10a3 · outbound

This paper cites & Zhou, J.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models & Zhou, J

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.616781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.309035Z digest=sha256:c11ff076bc4c5f23a57cebbac460955a2b10ad77f0166a18df36ac7beef06e05

Observation 487a9f4d-5c8d-4ff4-a020-b73da20049fa · outbound

This paper cites 10, 2024].

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models 10, 2024]

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.604730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.313145Z digest=sha256:d18eae6f23f5571b28eb7f969615c4a13e2d3b9380c7826e8a4995c1f77e8248

Observation 1a6cddd3-caa8-4a83-9907-1b9bb0f4d6e8 · outbound

This paper cites ”Available Metrics.” [Online].

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models ”Available Metrics.” [Online]

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.593389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.317125Z digest=sha256:004722ec04773bdcd4fb6b1245068c183c65e7cb7dc31be5a44ebd8ba87a1295

Observation 2dcfd0be-26ef-4706-b3cf-99146117d602 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal Client Sampling for Federated Learning.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Optimal Client Sampling for Federated Learning

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.320879Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.320879Z digest=sha256:c9f6bc9faf75da57e90e36afea0ee516a7bc694faf35f7859a7ddbf894b160d6

Observation 8c28b80b-a795-4faf-85c3-16f4e376ce4f · outbound

This paper cites Federated Learning with Regularized Client Participation.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Federated Learning with Regularized Client Participation

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.325325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.325325Z digest=sha256:588e8e5ce01af0d3198b187873188d0cf15848c89185c37e93bc79b4ef7623c2

Observation 421736dd-e54c-47c7-91cf-ac148d513bae · outbound

This paper cites Z., & Yao, L.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Z., & Yao, L

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.580961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.329564Z digest=sha256:3a146a151b97357f6d8a76096bad3a91a224cafe68e6b74e37341ca3317c24b0

Observation 408c3ce6-8231-4d31-b260-e683806c8326 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.567780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.332968Z digest=sha256:529b362ac602b0c888cb82ab026c85c7c5fad604601c1f8d4cedf5af5c7b27e7

Observation 63f43a84-30db-4716-9c60-ac62a555c7a9 · outbound

This paper cites FATE-LLM: A Industrial Grade Federated Learning Framework for Large Language Models.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models FATE-LLM: A Industrial Grade Federated Learning Framework for Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.336501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.336501Z digest=sha256:05ec9a86b2aa5e8042ed5192d0c8bd91dc648cea413da8685049ac739ef1bb25

Observation 22bed15e-3c56-44e3-a4cf-efdc84c8a614 · outbound

This paper cites & Chen, S.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models & Chen, S

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.555633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.340526Z digest=sha256:35c50da6d3aa85de456aef0b05cbd44ca192a6010f39225759c12640767915b7

Observation 4a248179-809c-4ef8-af6d-d558389741ad · outbound

This paper cites & Chen, Y.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models & Chen, Y

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.542369Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.343803Z digest=sha256:a765bc507a8548be43ee3794dccd1b813204f2498cd405f44aec6b2c5983ee36

Observation 3b8b1b37-f699-4cfb-aca2-6a6202b7fe84 · outbound

This paper cites Flower: A Friendly Federated Learning Research Framework.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Flower: A Friendly Federated Learning Research Framework

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.347155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.347155Z digest=sha256:a1b90579d8a794d2b564f05e79672fda01869aca19e521b902437a4b3617424d

Observation 6a5432cc-2f61-4b8f-8b02-c1d3512a1440 · outbound

This paper cites On the Convergence of FedAvg on Non-IID Data.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models On the Convergence of FedAvg on Non-IID Data

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.351277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.351277Z digest=sha256:22274c4f1c75ed7dd4456be44681df08a6693961e74c89cae012fe381130c2b4

Observation 64e9b57e-134d-4923-a55f-715aeb731828 · outbound

This paper cites ”PubMed Central Open Access PDF Archive.” [Online].

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models ”PubMed Central Open Access PDF Archive.” [Online]

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.530490Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.354884Z digest=sha256:e9b33cfd774ce3d7b27b64a5dffe588a42fe98aa702d0dfb86baa4398022e130

Observation f74b7fc1-9588-4a2a-9df4-ba72f5dae537 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.517213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.358342Z digest=sha256:41ddf25585da4f64087861f4f50e3a4fd1dc71f0a8aa2ce798c10b32f076151a

Observation 38227186-da9a-49ae-bd0c-88693a201b44 · outbound

This paper cites The Faiss library.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models The Faiss library

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.362026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.362026Z digest=sha256:99cf58612b3437cfd5e0dc3d320142f41262a500daf72cf8b3eb048791d9c36f

Observation e7e31ac3-6bdb-4190-9878-d98e0f9bbfad · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.365549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.365549Z digest=sha256:a2dc25a62f777a8ce0aa64062b29e5c8c2586f6d038a42f9c4ab07d0b9cf73ff

Observation 183d0128-7e76-4e15-8c97-847a97322e46 · outbound

This paper cites MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Data.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Data

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.369496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.369496Z digest=sha256:ea2862b6609899eeacba2349e5d0e6a83fac3a4722a9114f1774c7343958a952

Observation 8c45457d-710f-48d3-9060-58a2eeb1cf82 · outbound

This paper cites Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation.

Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:55:12.373534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T12:55:12.373534Z digest=sha256:d1ab87601b48ab4dc047dca181e90b57280a416ffac7e9f15e1fbec12e378e63

Pith citing papers

Observation c82fd34d-1a45-4009-b506-76c5aeb29176 · inbound

Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Systematic Mapping Study cites this paper.

Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Systematic Mapping Study Federated Learning and RAG Integration: A Scalable Approach for Medical Large Language Models

Reference 14

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:27:07.156938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T14:27:05.454214Z digest=sha256:71a4ac6b7c9ba4de3d130ddd3911ace3cce6cd020cf793c24e4a1d07ed257b75