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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 109 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.16352.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.16352 v6

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 109 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.072888Z

measured 101 of 101 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.780796Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.268559Z

Reference resolution

100 of 109 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact3
  • verified fuzzy4
  • unresolved93
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation dd50a9b9-5ca4-4f34-8238-f14c5ba22f7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.719983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.719983Z digest=sha256:748ed16563d6f0407ff1521c6d537d8c6ceca48630a539ab0a1fa341b41a0585

Observation 562341e2-3c7b-467c-a43b-24e17e0ade0b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.724389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.724389Z digest=sha256:386c0872aeb49d23cb13af4d49a393643e07c1ba54ad7d1a1bfba40e406d587e

Observation 84909242-03e0-470b-87b9-394135492da8 · outbound

This paper cites Athey, G.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Athey, G

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.728618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.728618Z digest=sha256:7e093bf095998e415ad6c6b576ca90a0bde594ae5e3134ce0ba7dcfef6b43f64

Observation 095da26b-e7b0-43f9-9c24-e617ba9c8ea6 · outbound

This paper cites Cawley, J.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Cawley, J

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.732297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.732297Z digest=sha256:2669a1a1570b4ac8066659b4cf7cd7b208533f189a321e9e297dffb0f66c01b8

Observation 83afebf4-0b0c-4e96-a0c5-268e9feb7034 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.736268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.736268Z digest=sha256:7dcebe1aad8e8966c0542360b123ced84f2ea156638028e91bb53b15074a16f8

Observation 562fdb25-9cb0-49b4-b318-7978f2c129c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.740050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.740050Z digest=sha256:1216d450c9289b1742150d14499bfe639e4599dbff11437ecb3f5d796e60ea78

Observation 348f7534-416a-4942-b47d-f0da49d1a575 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.744031Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.744031Z digest=sha256:0762af3f741fb76b4cdd72f5f270e2bc55c24f20fa786615db5e9c35254a4528

Observation e29ac1a3-8fce-4cc6-9ff5-793117ab9b32 · outbound

This paper cites Huang, S.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Huang, S

Reference 8

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.342688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.747655Z digest=sha256:bed92a23db586a89f0d6fb1e6007d3bdfd519ff198270d46a37024e74b4f8fc4

Observation da9649db-8ee1-4105-bd50-571528deabce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.751311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.751311Z digest=sha256:29052d251693007b3530088ea74e560aabd61ff3547318d73290b94d928765ab

Observation 497c506f-4cfb-49a5-a697-31202a627a2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.755242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.755242Z digest=sha256:773a4bb558ce9ac23ce961b428125370985b88f869b3f2179190545a8bee4e7c

Observation ddda955e-ab61-42ee-a8de-28c765ae7817 · outbound

This paper cites Imai, and Z.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Imai, and Z

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.759249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.759249Z digest=sha256:bc69790c92a0c3fa460f1b1371364efff4980f9f932c0e9e7066f022b17cbc02

Observation 5941464f-ab4c-492c-96c3-2158f3a9a6b5 · outbound

This paper cites R., J.-L.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect R., J.-L

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.762856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.762856Z digest=sha256:0855cc9ac5c637f522bdbaced18e01eb8466a33085d1c0c45f962a6ed9a102ef

Observation 8f8fcce8-af5b-4631-8ffe-e735113fb800 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.766457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.766457Z digest=sha256:1918c5570bd8511950a2a6e35860db436d224061ed93e87978377d569266c93d

Observation 110781a5-5e8f-421c-965c-533d42cc104b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.769929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.769929Z digest=sha256:13abce2ea5312632357389586d87e35f45857d5f91fbd672a4d06602cc5b769d

Observation 5e605d7a-e3ab-4a18-9da5-58f273b4c68f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.773714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.773714Z digest=sha256:fd6b2b89788b65bcbf42195ea718328fdacac84756ee67007c36790ad58de00d

Observation bf33d7fc-3ad1-473e-9000-16c033d35866 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.777377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.777377Z digest=sha256:742be4eb3d6a1fed423414f67a3577432d489f6be1d823a540128b68f4123c51

Observation 6c400cdc-8b28-4457-b237-5456f9e7d242 · outbound

This paper cites Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.273713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.780796Z digest=sha256:34247b1e63ff8944307b4572eb771e95b71b1faf1ab68c057a5e9e44a4e09900

Observation 653e0487-56fd-4a71-869a-163e64d27945 · outbound

This paper cites Starting Small: Prioritizing Safety over Efficacy in Randomized Experiments Using the Exact Finite Sample Likelihood.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Starting Small: Prioritizing Safety over Efficacy in Randomized Experiments Using the Exact Finite Sample Likelihood

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.784581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.784581Z digest=sha256:b9ea79dcdc48d9891c875bb0c30f2f170d5873cb16769fd38c5f1bae94021cda

Observation 1ee22836-fb73-4c52-8ecc-4c0930b92a71 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.789703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.789703Z digest=sha256:c9f851e9133f0d9d987ed92d4b91858818863df049f11125d6068dd5d52c413b

Observation 472a6261-367a-44ac-b493-147d4af48fd9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.793164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.793164Z digest=sha256:181f35ba6cb0dcd50ba44a43e4559b83482af060666884630a0a30eb191e6aae

Observation 4936942a-8384-4c88-93bb-e6fa5b96a260 · outbound

This paper cites Policy Learning with Distributional Welfare.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Policy Learning with Distributional Welfare

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.796630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.796630Z digest=sha256:d7d8bc3da76f8e718d92faa45840a76b5971f827665ca4d6b596fe78d7ff10ce

Observation c51b4386-b8f8-442c-b855-e99a2175c015 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.800639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.800639Z digest=sha256:d8381b6aadf7ead0c001449afa139b2d3c2982715b46836029152d8ffce93971

Observation 5acf2895-fff1-4fb5-b532-6cdbca541f8f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.804133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.804133Z digest=sha256:4ecddfd7bb9c1a8f1698432c88b8a5cad1fed804988cf4bd99eaafdc0a5049bd

Observation 06fbe1c3-6940-4734-aafd-24ddcde4938a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.807634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.807634Z digest=sha256:b05963420ce66543b97cc55401c8cdaf458c00620099dfa04f1d5f51b3ac51bc

Observation 2451acc6-ddf5-4275-bfea-0b3296429627 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.811049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.811049Z digest=sha256:3a535afd3ac758ba6e91964941df7f72dc152241ea5dbe97809ca138478af6cf

Observation 468608c7-6700-4478-93fb-5d0dacb97643 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.814412Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.814412Z digest=sha256:8b8e62a86680ae8c29528df4e6640941d4c3050f4348cf73a16a58703d49feb8

Observation b4dcd0c3-7152-41cf-b1bc-2247642b5953 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.232682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.818040Z digest=sha256:8be065ab90b918b8bddc76ed3e2d550553b3425cd38ee08a33297dc345829f2a

Observation dbb2b65b-8352-43b8-b494-9c1dd407341e · outbound

This paper cites (2017, December).

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect (2017, December)

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.821479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.821479Z digest=sha256:f3ef589a8d22fbcd2dfe411413dcc2a24e3ee5803134ca139560cf53c8b025bf

Observation 222c1384-b42f-4d90-9829-bcac6426e97c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.824943Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.824943Z digest=sha256:32ffb92de134d27f809801eb732109458cd17bf16eb6507ee5ab2381b31f6765

Observation 60f40dae-65ba-4eb9-aff0-42be87fdd976 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.828602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.828602Z digest=sha256:a2f30e7eb848c6a4af30a96bb3e46f29b5d287ec09c1fcac4f4999a0925ef5b8

Observation 8992eee3-4728-4d2a-958d-35bc1c9dc762 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.831971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.831971Z digest=sha256:7f65203dcba1dac3a3eab2784ede14ceb64fc09b44a7e651d90fb0bd63c715e0

Observation 69dd0728-1735-474b-ba12-3db944ae9035 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.835358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.835358Z digest=sha256:d12058986e893f6a8494e7e6a1bfbc32cf181590bc6e37f94054bb13817d8302

Observation ad3b051e-15b3-4290-a2e9-4f5928567eef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.838764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.838764Z digest=sha256:6fa6462ab026c14b49195d62bf1c66890fa2a312a7e1c746f29873478ad15259

Observation 54a696cd-2cfa-43f0-9745-0ba88b135ee4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.842072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.842072Z digest=sha256:bc4b1da09238b7bc90c3769065401e750655e6a5429b4284caae0c952a423de2

Observation 505c10f3-68e7-4a34-b6ef-bc6d7b23a38c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.182284Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.845693Z digest=sha256:fdad25f3283c7dbcbd4c0dae8f97cccd9051b5dd8c29de532035439d34163b9a

Observation 081bea69-7067-4386-a4ce-a68d7e582fd9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.170682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.849002Z digest=sha256:fd706f927329c9aea436659f468dc5c27f4ee8e1932008e17a14977fcae833f0

Observation b17f21fd-1f22-410c-babf-942e916517f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.158931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.852279Z digest=sha256:ead981d2465cb2bcf6d781a162bd3be849ff96e7a2c073818861e2f409d0e4a8

Observation c4c6ffb7-2969-40eb-accd-b4581243be09 · outbound

This paper cites Mehta, and N.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Mehta, and N

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.147422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.855691Z digest=sha256:01aeab7606da420bd13135786d07ecb5c6dead4ba6ffbbe21dbb27420a44069b

Observation 2e505a66-af74-4ea9-8ce4-f9f9b364ec0d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.135265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.859112Z digest=sha256:4b8a0a43fe9148b5d3c7fe7abd79f3edc773917185d7ba88292c17f79e626f6b

Observation 59d99ea9-b328-47e0-a150-824dc0499ee0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.122281Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.862506Z digest=sha256:fba7a32849fc98adeb6decea4803891c8355608d6e91e071b2500f33f9db96eb

Observation 6e01e6ea-547c-4122-a83d-6b3cf63e5f1c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.110511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.865982Z digest=sha256:27a8555b45f67601904794f7616b6a550b5e10399f53251f4ab1db66849ccc3e

Observation 15fd1cda-fd46-4853-a6d1-cb154e9b526a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.097915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.869520Z digest=sha256:9f946045fcfeb3e86422bc33d5d37f1bb301b6107bf91fb028c8b98f65907e70

Observation 3b8ad5b3-db77-4532-8c20-71990c882d03 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.085562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.873724Z digest=sha256:bb1c322119aacd84b54f7709965d5127acde328934d4225fcefd91be389256f4

Observation 64ca6854-7961-4ccb-8343-464c0f670227 · outbound

This paper cites u r Angewandte Mathematik der Universit \.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect u r Angewandte Mathematik der Universit \

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.073317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.877359Z digest=sha256:8cfdc3b680eafdd3535b6994a54ec4690ad2aa411fb91697eb4a87b73da390b3

Observation e2d394c4-1aab-4a3d-af5a-e6258e242cc8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.880915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.880915Z digest=sha256:4e7be45a05c9f7dbd071e3eb6911cb605250896eaa01588777baaef12297c20c

Observation 14f18205-3aec-49eb-b4b9-106289cb8f89 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.053497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.884480Z digest=sha256:25510fb6d86a02da3ff11a0ba21e5cb80d29004a2ac8e3c19df6472d7807f0fd

Observation f63ed7e1-7a10-4548-b4ab-c3e2822da31d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.042450Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.887895Z digest=sha256:131c80a3537754820ab546bccd072ee797a29dcdf3330ae4be945a4897c3447a

Observation f98df9ce-69d7-4199-88f1-889aa6759bff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.031012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.891376Z digest=sha256:1b9581af89f8f4b8f1d1e4d728b5bbbfa9d49d4d5e3749e9cea31925ab0ca860

Observation e8ed4e52-5987-4024-bef4-1ea866d432f0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.019198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.895103Z digest=sha256:5cca94679ee6d7b16f0d02d4699467feca464040ac4f5e0120b46c56bd6d863e

Observation 4095feda-77ee-467f-87d0-b25ec86c5ce5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:30.006655Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.898528Z digest=sha256:d866903ede2b57fef5ff3322742bfc695fecdb007c079cc599dc4efab4fd548e

Observation 0a8e2fa2-1d8b-4277-9e26-10114b4bd97f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.902149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.902149Z digest=sha256:97d4d5c57246f379892ab732b0e38bc1d9d5c96a2d449710aec6667e34165d96

Observation 79be74c6-d916-4cdc-995e-013c2640ca14 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.986429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.905597Z digest=sha256:f430c831d81ce7bf991332d6161c9f00314c1f08bce5faafcef4d433aa690371

Observation e107f1e6-b09f-4553-82a5-0a45140fee3c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.974769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.909148Z digest=sha256:d81aaaa8b7352992f41249bec52d5c21c9e22d3158612da28ec0141582b7539c

Observation 68da2531-4abf-4838-924e-f376097a36af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.963991Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.912473Z digest=sha256:b6c7be278466b72f3fb6dff66c83f33cc55bdb542ad20aa495ed0c783ba82595

Observation aee95c3b-a118-4935-8a36-73941b6153b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.952477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.916044Z digest=sha256:19c0ba10fcd61b8c4ee49ca5f999d9e382d55d20a6bffee2e6fa66ce664fac7b

Observation c99e2ff6-4a9b-48c0-ba1a-d06812bf828b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.940250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.919734Z digest=sha256:ac44079d40f1a9b7892c056d8c69d78056a836f56cc98d766590f9f042536643

Observation 12790363-ff3b-4fa0-816f-9385c98abe16 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.928654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.923000Z digest=sha256:f873103175eee58fd977205dd29304f694e44163323d6b35a7cd26a9ce9a6e05

Observation 0ae4bf08-294f-416a-a012-74252906fa99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.917101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.926285Z digest=sha256:f730145b68dede49aba49bdd021ffee36b482c901ad641bf5f936f23193564fe

Observation d631be91-4c71-4206-9f27-5192aec482fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.905177Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.929737Z digest=sha256:ab8799a516730e6e2e1d1ea593ef80d6da3b55921e41578f1cb01375c5d1253d

Observation f5c791eb-b732-486c-b050-6ffe61cda5d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.893185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.932887Z digest=sha256:caee9c2003d6c3b93fed38e2f68659c274f90b7bf70b13581b64cc62dab36380

Observation 2d379376-9371-41c9-8e60-58a38556a7b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.936086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.936086Z digest=sha256:6b8446b0c7f801cf5d6743f135a7ad283a54e7b01a8215f7a024fa35c6234ace

Observation 1d97d028-e6c4-4bb1-9aa0-444eded689f3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.875300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.939556Z digest=sha256:03232fad25474620ba5ea017a043f42f8f80b490ae7016f456931007e7b4f01b

Observation 060c678f-4c83-4a16-9074-75d45558693c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.864155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.942932Z digest=sha256:8e8a569e8afc7f49ee61a0a69fdc2b19b30e0c91a54644dad56125142c9e49fc

Observation b486e3d1-0581-4531-b172-4d2a957bd5ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.853138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.946491Z digest=sha256:cbd167190bffdb22b6768f1ffe1ac9744c45fa9f3845fcdf44958e8fe0e638a1

Observation 3d5fadb3-c94e-424b-b255-b2ab352ca16a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 65

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.841811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.950213Z digest=sha256:973a4184a7c34f91eb54d8c1bf1cea944d8a076303172eb35a18761424ad8947

Observation bea222ee-969f-4459-9281-6fe79d837b2c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.829668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.953435Z digest=sha256:802a5186ab78d7f4ce4f455f32d310ebf0ffa5cf6ba5a3a7d7ad893f2a7580ad

Observation d3c58a86-ede3-4b48-ab26-dcd4e2e13570 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 67

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.816661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.957163Z digest=sha256:1f339f79607a9d84dd083b19b1a66daeeec233ba4d6d01a8d9157cbd4ba3f995

Observation f26b1fe5-3a4c-4506-8a2f-973a667c36fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 68

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.804430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.960537Z digest=sha256:f1bcf45b10386a32bc286867316225dd76d9de6720dad044a5e65837d6c712d8

Observation 4f0b9781-1ada-49ab-8059-7bc5a4c230ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 69

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.792146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.964094Z digest=sha256:221f15f21cd4dc2189f4189488e4cf78ab6beedf73e860a2bca2ffec7bf2f7a7

Observation 640e7ea2-22fb-4e78-8c25-816b45aa96af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 70

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.781541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.967586Z digest=sha256:1d5b73e1fc6a5e2a9d0a6a26cafcee6374ba37c6ec8873bdc1edf7c8b37a3467

Observation 9b8983d5-fe16-49da-8912-6757a1141c96 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 71

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.770846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.971073Z digest=sha256:671e3073d0f42eb61cf825d8a2ba675a9673941d064a33f7833fb7c693d7f6a8

Observation b7d8e34d-782c-4795-99db-1d1dd2b3a272 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.760542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.974545Z digest=sha256:f78189346a17236e6ba540d6fe073c2257bf99943a71e973b0576fcea7085e02

Observation 82116fdf-be9d-4219-8296-0628c42dff31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.749584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.977888Z digest=sha256:a40c1b5a513cb9e7e3f767875f2707f394a8156f7273348dd63ec47e043cf5e7

Observation 8843eb27-db59-427b-9b9f-337c7363516e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 74

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:28.981142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.981142Z digest=sha256:167a24673d46af104718b27a685912d84259baf8981d012c84bf268c29d878b9

Observation 813ae059-ff71-4f4a-adfd-aa407f003d89 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 75

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.730019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.984874Z digest=sha256:7795e75bb775e374534d4e5c8ca50dacdc96fbca32ce3f360d70969a97bf8155

Observation 5c2fbb40-fa17-4303-adf5-860cf72795f0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 76

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.718498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.988300Z digest=sha256:91e8ad3f5ca70b585bc7b7eceb5728666eaf29db47dd60fa2f16ad13b925c2ca

Observation 6f68c91a-cbfd-46b6-908e-394e66a9c7ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 77

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.706945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.991721Z digest=sha256:857a39c979705cb4d90ed9fa954aa7678742ac0610daf18ffe5147ac1bc7d603

Observation 8ebd91a9-4f0f-4586-9d69-02bf69ec0050 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 78

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.694359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.994967Z digest=sha256:3cf40e70a1b8eb160090acaee48678826c0d201a96f52bf578b448852e410569

Observation 29392f7a-e0cb-484f-8410-b1147ab8bd76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 79

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.682437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.998395Z digest=sha256:659fd4907fed73c3f09f56b441df1bc3ef9b9a9bc59a89c64c7253e7a9810178

Observation fd0d7141-e2bb-4faa-847f-129a6c6cb711 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 80

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.669881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.001810Z digest=sha256:e4a73eb6b448ec4b8a6f73f07c46c3224f6d403a2f7e76b41348cd00f89f1e99

Observation f0252b76-dab5-4c54-b616-bc104a9c1f7e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 81

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.656225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.005342Z digest=sha256:14abe1ccd8816a1bcf920c8da84ac9a76766ead74b8da4c7a5458e5f0cb1299a

Observation 65d29b4c-4bf8-4dfe-8142-a6d81d48842a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 82

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.644296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.008643Z digest=sha256:84c4ec1a4b1cadd627606b48c277691476a6fc59fbffa2346ef90c2333d7307b

Observation 6e5d0c2c-9f04-44ca-b1a0-8f9684cd3078 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 83

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.632367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.012517Z digest=sha256:62b941cf241d2254dba9eb395d35565e723c3ff5bb115cc687d860fd8fe2d4c3

Observation 90c831c3-7946-4159-9900-0a4c87da2fb0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 84

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.620058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.015861Z digest=sha256:331d65a34a19a0dfa406104e3ea1da0e1f6ec7d3d99f29225093e6c8eca3664c

Observation e94d871f-6f87-44ca-8f2c-1080e8e7acab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 85

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.607878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.019488Z digest=sha256:13feeb70b6bb6f0bc9bf9fb7dd6df7f61eb548c2de71dd2c230f9ebd65c875a7

Observation 330a4851-594f-4c03-8fb0-b963e324cd78 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 86

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.022732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.022732Z digest=sha256:8f9f91fd056892618f0592420202dc092f946eb0b629073f9dc89ee63dfa5791

Observation 78d73259-7be4-414d-b9cf-4180b918adaa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.586229Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.026169Z digest=sha256:ee41ffb9aa612888fbb134f06eb7c8e42f6145ced12b6e20c01bfe596c2876e2

Observation ba7be03c-2898-4e2f-a0e5-9c0f2b5f5674 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 88

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.575144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.029573Z digest=sha256:ebdb109aeea0962fcf5fa02ff383d168897b35cb5bc889b1f4fa4ed90f64218a

Observation a2517add-3ee7-4036-9988-fa68dc6335b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 89

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.563458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.032976Z digest=sha256:9e6f77663199a2f906b8b9358e4cb2deb19a73ce1965c169ab79394ea6059cfc

Observation ae7005cd-5de1-41b1-bde2-79a8b7434c1c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 90

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.551804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.037173Z digest=sha256:c7e9c756dc4f3f88b17dbef8162b49220317ab8a39b891de3bf09ad69e8a023a

Observation 16d36ae5-2a24-4c4d-b22b-13e7a9f98580 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 91

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.540342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.041121Z digest=sha256:c2807f4bc61e81dc9b5fe0507293f338805a6a64498343af05e62a3c6aa64748

Observation f08a7185-f588-4116-82d5-6e8f55ef9816 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 92

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.526719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.044745Z digest=sha256:7278844af39e18cd446dd62f1a7dc56868c7ae4b70df0813ab2fc4f331e890cb

Observation f2254a53-30f2-4fa8-b17d-45a6977a3863 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 93

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.514480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.048203Z digest=sha256:7860d1591086b6e0ec90e307f3bcd1fd0d1636ba98544dfff54cd824178a0184

Observation 0ddddf47-bd52-45a0-88e0-f3ad806deece · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 94

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.502544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.051867Z digest=sha256:b8c458203e14cd8ca739c56aef339dd51bf4bb1be647ee3f0461051741aae750

Observation e0ab5382-5874-4ca6-88d9-ab8bcf778bfd · outbound

This paper cites Debiased Machine Learning of Aggregated Intersection Bounds and Other Causal Parameters.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Debiased Machine Learning of Aggregated Intersection Bounds and Other Causal Parameters

Reference 95

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.055106Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.055106Z digest=sha256:e296fedb438d92eab8226b793cf4aff3038d54e49bc57464222e2661862254ce

Observation 30630bb5-ac77-4ccd-8c53-90f36efbd64b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 96

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.490548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.058992Z digest=sha256:4b5f401e81416fb2209c47723f6fca0ad88337d8dada22ca5df622802fcf3c96

Observation 195edfbc-f92c-439b-bb7d-75c7ee9e58c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 97

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.478676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.062374Z digest=sha256:197e45fd4c8c6df123dc9eccbc526ef0b9a27890b049eb4fb896df43f04c48b1

Observation aee48c02-0bbe-4772-8f68-c9e38384f134 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Unresolved cited work

Reference 98

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.065777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.065777Z digest=sha256:8263bb6e7f11b013a661e2eac03e846f5a05fd63d61fa1f043e09d95aa5e0f06

Observation 37cf0b33-8108-4cd4-9462-95b5dd667867 · outbound

This paper cites Chernozhukov, and H.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Chernozhukov, and H

Reference 99

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.459268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.069478Z digest=sha256:0223180f715ec8b51cb780dfc552fe0e55b01005b917705ebf858743a0136afe

Observation e011cf89-a33f-4c06-9bd8-2240188046b2 · outbound

This paper cites Bauld, D.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Bauld, D

Reference 100

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.447372Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:29.072888Z digest=sha256:aaa8984fd37f36ae48323c4245aced6c0b611439c0f70099492b2aba6d8c8dfd

Pith citing papers

Observation 6c400cdc-8b28-4457-b237-5456f9e7d242 · inbound

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect cites this paper.

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T10:46:29.273713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T10:46:28.780796Z digest=sha256:34247b1e63ff8944307b4572eb771e95b71b1faf1ab68c057a5e9e44a4e09900