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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 71 of 71 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.16423.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.16423 v1

Coverage vector

measured 71 of 71 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.256643Z

measured 71 of 71 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

71 of 71 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy23
  • unresolved48
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d1eeb4de-c2f3-4f37-86c2-c27f937f0898 · outbound

This paper cites Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:12.967140Z digest=sha256:3172178e39f40f10d09aa56f07f6ccb93122607ef139b938219cfe0dc9a84fd6

Observation 81db22d7-d1ea-4232-b0fe-54a1b127ee97 · outbound

This paper cites Improving language understanding by generative pre-training, 2018.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Improving language understanding by generative pre-training, 2018

Reference 2

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.251515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:12.971702Z digest=sha256:5a22743c32c10507310bad5c44d5d5d9afffb324b468e2632490a6f31741a4ee

Observation 4bcc0013-8f80-4ac4-aaa0-7ff8eadd77a8 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners, 2019.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Language models are unsupervised multitask learners, 2019

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.239831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:12.976067Z digest=sha256:cd17f07de0af7071c0b803c8cf8ea8035c50d9f0063148faf17ec9cd4612b1a5

Observation 0e8122a4-ab52-463d-96fc-78034520fb8d · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 4

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:12.981104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:12.981104Z digest=sha256:9974e8685978ed92db093c15888075ef19218b40a3f0a9d65451a3e0ca196bbb

Observation 1d063789-c323-4e4f-a2d5-93faaa4f723e · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 5

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:12.988413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:12.988413Z digest=sha256:f5e9595dcd20fea6874b0fd34845a90f45a092efcb0b419e27688d652d0b6912

Observation 0b353ace-93d3-4bc9-87ac-420e32bd3c62 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 6

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:12.993326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:12.993326Z digest=sha256:a5c042cfdffd34208012a4d5967b6abedf948ecc4ac9bf4d2f9eb6790308bf25

Observation c72f57bd-4418-432c-86a4-20c1a8226200 · outbound

This paper cites Unified Scaling Laws for Routed Language Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Unified Scaling Laws for Routed Language Models

Reference 7

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:12.997578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:12.997578Z digest=sha256:145bf6f83a5ed53972e841b8ad4f62750a4dc7d23992386c8f1ca91cff4fa618

Observation 17c08c8e-5951-4a30-be33-4375da47a5c5 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 8

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.003423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.003423Z digest=sha256:accc2ea903bf6c3211ee08349bb2c604f0f6bfe417dc1171fcea97d632c16e94

Observation 4a89cac9-5775-4fd0-b8a8-2f5552578621 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.008110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.008110Z digest=sha256:21accb2ea7196db8651e2ae3287fd0c65deb31818f4d87391d9f0dcb8c34b6cc

Observation 7b7d298f-4615-48db-ae55-032c7754644a · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.012330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.012330Z digest=sha256:c0f2c096e1ab9857c93d3c284d4807fc453c07344d63a506389be411c3d4cf99

Observation bc9de67c-0ff6-4f4e-8259-70c297eb1bb7 · outbound

This paper cites PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways

Reference 11

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.016621Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.016621Z digest=sha256:032eca95618de29cbf7041875df98b03737255cb2360b4fa323ce3d792cd574b

Observation 4f2b2d5a-71c4-4c1d-b431-2a4303985a9c · outbound

This paper cites PaLM 2 Technical Report.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine PaLM 2 Technical Report

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.021669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.021669Z digest=sha256:768941223d83363cf40b40e78fce7103a956a17be0408497b70a591ef4efb6c6

Observation 78f1e7b1-f1bc-4b1d-a572-d78a803bb3f4 · outbound

This paper cites The Falcon Series of Open Language Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine The Falcon Series of Open Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.030085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.030085Z digest=sha256:51373d9461c966b5c5a54a5d90231c99a9a1c6afde28fdeeabd105cb85481370

Observation a8dc0f50-cd08-4fa3-9869-b4b0edd4f566 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 14

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.034153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.034153Z digest=sha256:b1361b251088dabd484d5b92cb27fafdec1a49f766a23d06d094728f2bed978b

Observation 94247994-af51-4578-8f19-cd4c4d7b4825 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 15

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.038403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.038403Z digest=sha256:53e4252d473cb6963de380cad470bb95b9947901a677ba0a876588ef9db1f54a

Observation 0a9b2815-cb2e-4997-a078-71449732d887 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Qwen Technical Report

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.043966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.043966Z digest=sha256:771010cbde399d13ffdc07862143ae682e95ffa2a6b4a7acce7041a4211d9024

Observation 0b4605ce-e2f9-4a44-b369-fb1b3ce0c8d8 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.048780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.048780Z digest=sha256:85b5dd3a9a1546175b09ff8c42cd964b4410cbdac5c30d4130599031c1243632

Observation 7d2ed9a7-c46a-42fb-af2f-08c9b09e4faa · outbound

This paper cites The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku anthropic.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku anthropic

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.228855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.054787Z digest=sha256:58b2bf89340d3dc3fd07c806dcc74ad36583646b0400f17d2ca75ddffaaef84c

Observation cbf40da3-4e27-4863-aba0-aa07d0a9a394 · outbound

This paper cites c4ai-command-r-plus (revision 432fac1), 2024.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine c4ai-command-r-plus (revision 432fac1), 2024

Reference 19

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.218457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.058857Z digest=sha256:d5bfcd206fca08d86809dc97833afc7bee98ef2474458cdc489595e5aae0637e

Observation 3bb3252c-7739-4755-8e41-32409a42b651 · outbound

This paper cites MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Data.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Data

Reference 20

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.062797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.062797Z digest=sha256:543145af9851b7928d301eb03d072f1e2a21171380e40de998fae68b8002ad35

Observation c174b541-ef20-4dd8-94be-d29cef10a521 · outbound

This paper cites MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language Models

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.066976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.066976Z digest=sha256:633e08b7c984aa823491cf3e9272e7fba18e3c84b5989db00f6aaa69be4bce03

Observation 41595a1a-adec-4342-8b9a-f523030e6bd4 · outbound

This paper cites Adapting large language models via reading comprehension.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Adapting large language models via reading comprehension

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.208020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.071135Z digest=sha256:c7bd57ac88fac59af289a4dca42be96868697564b2a26615b0c1382538959f4e

Observation 35d18cd9-cbc0-4658-a6b4-3242d772fbcb · outbound

This paper cites Me LLaMA: Foundation Large Language Models for Medical Applications.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Me LLaMA: Foundation Large Language Models for Medical Applications

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.074576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.074576Z digest=sha256:c97af400bc6efb9921832d9e4a5fa30a924a1a1725494b66a506005c2faa7abf

Observation 5d8d85bb-7e4f-41ad-8784-dee45759fc1a · outbound

This paper cites Capabilities of Gemini Models in Medicine.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Capabilities of Gemini Models in Medicine

Reference 24

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.078230Z digest=sha256:bd034db28a1dd156337b00c6b6a5c4dd89c383bd30948a668ac1d9c434056d11

Observation b329100d-55eb-4fd0-ad09-cc32b2e20ce2 · outbound

This paper cites https://tech.preferred.jp/ja/blog/llama3-preferred-medswallow-70b/.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine https://tech.preferred.jp/ja/blog/llama3-preferred-medswallow-70b/

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.196777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.081853Z digest=sha256:b3867b11ef9a38d0a91540bcb97979cd75796947321101d5d4db5a4494d9f429

Observation 7d10fd7e-389a-4812-9b4b-f991d6a603da · outbound

This paper cites Textbooks Are All You Need.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Textbooks Are All You Need

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.085436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.085436Z digest=sha256:81760595c90d52fc61864ff3097a695cf842c7c72a958d41b3e59331a2f24541

Observation 96e01cf9-8ee2-4733-9a31-386abbb9c11b · outbound

This paper cites Textbooks Are All You Need II: phi-1.5 technical report.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Textbooks Are All You Need II: phi-1.5 technical report

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.088973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.088973Z digest=sha256:b1b25e1832817ea8718196d366a325516c74d6ed49aa105aa995611d731f49dc

Observation 15bdc825-a308-4a28-a63f-48c584e9e5f6 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.092651Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.092651Z digest=sha256:62f06067536fddb837808f594853803ae0c2244348115152b366534a2d694723

Observation 34a31617-50cd-4a69-832e-85b7dcd749e3 · outbound

This paper cites Wiki-40b: Multilingual language model dataset, 2020.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Wiki-40b: Multilingual language model dataset, 2020

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.185305Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.096137Z digest=sha256:206d5796e5773776edc193dc6ea317037d60b3465002a07ce4eeac428d2a190c

Observation 9d54e3cf-5532-49ae-9f3c-3cdb68704da8 · outbound

This paper cites A monolingual approach to contextualized word embeddings for mid-resource languages.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine A monolingual approach to contextualized word embeddings for mid-resource languages

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.173380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.099505Z digest=sha256:8e6d08a30b27b5bad19a7fab4ee6114246739f072fe346105084fa36fe9e801e

Observation 94e23ef3-d8a1-4236-baac-391deb451489 · outbound

This paper cites Random forests, 2001.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Random forests, 2001

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.161497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.103342Z digest=sha256:d1c7bb839e2d9e74e8e0ed3c15c47b21095a05999747fad5ece25b55dd56f8d8

Observation d14e8a9b-ecce-4cc5-95b7-f1cc57461e9d · outbound

This paper cites Elyza-japanese-llama-2-7b, 2023.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Elyza-japanese-llama-2-7b, 2023

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.150060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.106664Z digest=sha256:aaf2016e92082b03112782ef1ddf7a1973f5fb76a2c8da02b5b0875f5a5acca4

Observation 114067cc-729a-4815-a09a-6f67ef5490d3 · outbound

This paper cites elyza/llama-3-elyza-jp-8b, 2024.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine elyza/llama-3-elyza-jp-8b, 2024

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.138730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.110711Z digest=sha256:6f9f3275e7663a29c04ba03f00e56213d7e8ad6a8beb529e47e7cd4ae63df1ac

Observation 7ed5e0bf-a439-44da-a54c-3b1a42a8e2e6 · outbound

This paper cites Japanese stablelm instruct alpha 7b v2.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Japanese stablelm instruct alpha 7b v2

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.128165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.114190Z digest=sha256:59879d0bac459526917ab4ff5123df670692c8ef905347c9f5af8ac07bbe3a73

Observation d6e486f1-7cbd-4503-b5fd-9e6be76efc00 · outbound

This paper cites Tokenizerの違いによる日本語 bertモデルの性能評価.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Tokenizerの違いによる日本語 bertモデルの性能評価

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.117099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.117703Z digest=sha256:9c7ef3f896c28743c8060fd497536eae55f70e764c1bcb9c795c2a5056b998cf

Observation da4f1951-5397-4c16-9183-5bb8b0e2420f · outbound

This paper cites 日本語 gptを用いたトークナイザの影響の調査.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine 日本語 gptを用いたトークナイザの影響の調査

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.106199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.120966Z digest=sha256:db7bf77786d1424bfc74113ac542269a5074e942050485e13dedde0df4241ff6

Observation 1ef62143-dc18-406d-a36e-6ea40132b4ef · outbound

This paper cites 日本語tokenizerの違いは下流タスク性能に影響を与えるか? 言語処理学会第 29 回年 次大会, 2023.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine 日本語tokenizerの違いは下流タスク性能に影響を与えるか? 言語処理学会第 29 回年 次大会, 2023

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.095590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.124228Z digest=sha256:a69b330ad1a4d7831b33b89940d7c252d777c7fafbbecda7450b24bba3ba034f

Observation f2a479f4-d5f6-4aba-82c4-81463f864977 · outbound

This paper cites Mecab: Yet another part-of-speech and morphological analyzer, 2006.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Mecab: Yet another part-of-speech and morphological analyzer, 2006

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.080955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.127418Z digest=sha256:780f853ee0c7dac213dcacbff471c5c00fe3441b5e458a648c3fcdeb6d278376

Observation 71dc6ac9-f980-42d1-b00c-ce37c10da179 · outbound

This paper cites J-medic: A japanese disease name dictionary based on real clinical usage.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine J-medic: A japanese disease name dictionary based on real clinical usage

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.068260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.130742Z digest=sha256:6a239172e2b041b009b54400c804f51c79ee9ef69c631663390fb452d1794b74

Observation b04fd036-90bc-4816-8812-ad47f96d47ae · outbound

This paper cites Subword Regularization: Improving Neural Network Translation Models with Multiple Subword Candidates.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Subword Regularization: Improving Neural Network Translation Models with Multiple Subword Candidates

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.134050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.134050Z digest=sha256:3ae815f7a3f3125b4021fae04f9e525c977b5c6ae7feb1fc0e52a36d8f8079dd

Observation 38a01a1e-e6e2-4eaf-86ce-4ec5a6211e39 · outbound

This paper cites RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embedding.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embedding

Reference 41

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.137797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.137797Z digest=sha256:bcbd44d3aa312cbb13752d1f85b3099aff3ef37b203dcc6a608282d20ec78279

Observation d870d6bf-f7ab-4c69-a36c-ad634cc81328 · outbound

This paper cites On Layer Normalization in the Transformer Architecture.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine On Layer Normalization in the Transformer Architecture

Reference 42

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.141183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.141183Z digest=sha256:98462a6ef153fe90fc7848999237df581b95447950882e78aa5bbe023ee9147c

Observation 0caf0547-241e-4453-a35e-2df0af2e1f27 · outbound

This paper cites A Study of BFLOAT16 for Deep Learning Training.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine A Study of BFLOAT16 for Deep Learning Training

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.145659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.145659Z digest=sha256:a692cece7d242d133c46741cd9f266a90051b4a98818e52affe9e3245f7cf607

Observation c1fdf9e4-b470-49d0-bf9d-0cc942d2f3b1 · outbound

This paper cites Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs).

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.150689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.150689Z digest=sha256:f8d71379dad701b9a1e18698fd809606ca70f6e6169c45651d80f12891357093

Observation 311170ea-5d94-4f0e-a6ee-6a378613da1b · outbound

This paper cites Sigmoid-Weighted Linear Units for Neural Network Function Approximation in Reinforcement Learning.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Sigmoid-Weighted Linear Units for Neural Network Function Approximation in Reinforcement Learning

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.155677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.155677Z digest=sha256:66d9de3f50566718a78e352bb0e326f4bbb554ffd074bccbcd92c197b23fa517

Observation eea3255e-b91c-4756-9d75-e3b36df570eb · outbound

This paper cites Rectified linear units improve restricted boltzmann machines.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Rectified linear units improve restricted boltzmann machines

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.159591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.159591Z digest=sha256:dee81e3560c6b27d00bba1d5b135c9f7c48f04b2c61d52d486a3c8b9d563efcf

Observation c7efce8a-392d-4dc1-b318-235e93a12787 · outbound

This paper cites Layer Normalization.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Layer Normalization

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.163709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.163709Z digest=sha256:aca6ea30496f9694919f056c9b275a623736fec472539235728b3bc77fb25f02

Observation bfa6a62a-8e99-4fd6-9c4e-7ea26d8f34de · outbound

This paper cites Root Mean Square Layer Normalization.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Root Mean Square Layer Normalization

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.167209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.167209Z digest=sha256:7474a533f10667349b3fb41edc6aeef0c4b646c8bcd3dbf7d28108da91d907a2

Observation 51a9d31f-f6a3-487e-864d-5abe630d88f5 · outbound

This paper cites GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpoints.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpoints

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.170947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.170947Z digest=sha256:739678437b2b4b7a470c30f95bbd2eff97f65fcb2472c4149e0774d07fba105d

Observation 4a26e3c6-3473-4a8d-9a9b-2e7dc797a5d1 · outbound

This paper cites Fast Transformer Decoding: One Write-Head is All You Need.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Fast Transformer Decoding: One Write-Head is All You Need

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.174118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.174118Z digest=sha256:d659d01eee3c5a6c867f5b6d2dd1d9e5a506a124edafc32a8c7e4d357b3b3b53

Observation 6614e3d3-6635-4f6c-b57a-432754d6d3a9 · outbound

This paper cites Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.177474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.177474Z digest=sha256:3baf29c14d50dd6de174b7e97b107a39ea767ab8a35416dbc641be3a754d43a2

Observation e2c958ff-23a6-4503-94e2-22a7247e9011 · outbound

This paper cites Transformers without Tears: Improving the Normalization of Self-Attention.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Transformers without Tears: Improving the Normalization of Self-Attention

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.181022Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.181022Z digest=sha256:64f3493dc8c9bf430413dee6a63a9b2723102488549900296a9b0b2c8c4d00bf

Observation ddb73ce6-27b2-4e9e-a0ec-878948fd8ead · outbound

This paper cites Spike No More: Stabilizing the Pre-training of Large Language Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Spike No More: Stabilizing the Pre-training of Large Language Models

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.184328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.184328Z digest=sha256:b08261c33b3d952862c7be3939a4338e4dd06a161d93d9e891ab78ac70f93321

Observation 36971bae-8b5b-4cf6-910b-f816dd3656ce · outbound

This paper cites Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.187575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.187575Z digest=sha256:b2e9e5d6b15ba490cb5d376b486953c2eb617b43c8279282a51f317d5d2b8926

Observation 5c384ed7-9ff4-4940-8329-6d898e982cf2 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.190608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.190608Z digest=sha256:d8b94c05da681a7748dc8dd831f041f9957f38c5918870b539fcf46cd0466a1a

Observation a83da540-a1cf-475f-8226-c76a0d8027e3 · outbound

This paper cites To repeat or not to repeat: Insights from scaling llm under token-crisis.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine To repeat or not to repeat: Insights from scaling llm under token-crisis

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.039066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.193791Z digest=sha256:2309db2311bacb4048205e71614b513fbf8cb3fb663cf2ca96a5bdd768aa0d95

Observation 4ee7718f-f647-4621-b589-afdbce40607a · outbound

This paper cites FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awareness.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awareness

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.197528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.197528Z digest=sha256:388c9c9f2efac3d26e94c843aedb6d29756fe233847c1bc5fa677b19ae022a46

Observation e7d91509-4508-403c-bbcd-922ca04efdaf · outbound

This paper cites Deepspeed: System optimizations enable training deep learning models with over 100 billion parameters.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Deepspeed: System optimizations enable training deep learning models with over 100 billion parameters

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.025311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.200798Z digest=sha256:4c12e34b9b6a295c26074bafc2ceb2b9e2306f2d658dffe9b8ed65cf46b3d41f

Observation 477182ab-a284-43c1-a5c6-2f301c004475 · outbound

This paper cites Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.204212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.204212Z digest=sha256:bd3b96fbdd0e1aaf18c238b216671820028902e87e79dd6ae58bd60ac8c6b753

Observation a43dddb2-933b-486e-9d75-1c8d10d556ef · outbound

This paper cites Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.207736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.207736Z digest=sha256:e6ca9d7478dfb4b8a1a65aa391ca743e41b565590146b8bd5cb1bd2a5429e71e

Observation 705a9c5d-4b9c-45a7-9b33-d14d3e47c041 · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.211250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.211250Z digest=sha256:1cf5e24bfbc58c9419e1cabf9de116105278fb41cd20eee17d03cd286f01a347

Observation 43bde543-35c3-4297-bf4b-a1b818a52fa8 · outbound

This paper cites Finetuned language models are zero-shot learners closed-book qa.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Finetuned language models are zero-shot learners closed-book qa

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:14.000112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.214889Z digest=sha256:c5b72fe203f022dd1f7b1815a84e6a4b3beeffd76a5ba59853726d06e952216e

Observation 5fa8c98b-852d-4078-a128-9b04b94821e8 · outbound

This paper cites Jmed-llm: Japanese medical evaluation dataset for large language models.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Jmed-llm: Japanese medical evaluation dataset for large language models

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.987590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.218270Z digest=sha256:5359ce0b798fdccdd3a3c222dafa63df7da30373286d18181392bbc1c49ec359

Observation 09c55050-6339-41d1-90a7-c01c1bb53df2 · outbound

This paper cites NEFTune: Noisy Embeddings Improve Instruction Finetuning.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine NEFTune: Noisy Embeddings Improve Instruction Finetuning

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.222272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.222272Z digest=sha256:e4cb560f56209494a2990a72e47fa81473fc9f1293dff0433c976e7f62ac4e6c

Observation 11dc413d-02cc-4f53-8575-97b11226bca3 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating GPT-4 and ChatGPT on Japanese Medical Licensing Examinations.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Evaluating GPT-4 and ChatGPT on Japanese Medical Licensing Examinations

Reference 65

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.226775Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.226775Z digest=sha256:0dc326297ab2842b0c2cee9f110f894b1d59452c9a18ae1ddcda2132ec62bef3

Observation 30230f99-cb9c-460c-9483-7cb091d77973 · outbound

This paper cites A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.975489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.230884Z digest=sha256:0fde4ac1b75e7411bd8ad729b9eb4f76dfa5f5fd7f846de5511d8acfe3b0b364

Observation 6ec42609-61eb-4fd4-aa2b-0768e5b43ec3 · outbound

This paper cites https://speakerdeck.com/fta98/ri-ben-yu-yi-liao-llmping- jia-bentimakunogou-zhu-toxing-neng-fen-xi.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine https://speakerdeck.com/fta98/ri-ben-yu-yi-liao-llmping- jia-bentimakunogou-zhu-toxing-neng-fen-xi

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.963082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.235969Z digest=sha256:c30ebf45bdf28424c8dc4b9921bebccb0168d9cf4a128859afc5ff80d3125c67

Observation 0f4c283a-7548-43ac-9254-64b4610e6197 · outbound

This paper cites The Curse of Recursion: Training on Generated Data Makes Models Forget.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine The Curse of Recursion: Training on Generated Data Makes Models Forget

Reference 68

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.243133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.243133Z digest=sha256:b5c40c1ce33b5950c93acfd4dfcfd23f71c0420ff8df401bd7425a06e2965fd0

Observation fa54500e-8c51-4e05-9268-799d3ab17e3d · outbound

This paper cites Visualizing data using t-sne.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Visualizing data using t-sne

Reference 69

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.248412Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.248412Z digest=sha256:1314c2988c2f731f083bb446b30c39766fcf8aa88134d5f3ee9743e7f4c48e26

Observation 0c2a9cf6-d1fa-46cb-b96f-0befd4f8109c · outbound

This paper cites UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction

Reference 70

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.252776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.252776Z digest=sha256:5efc3967cd10cad4e387f4cf3dc839a377242e0f88982e3cf132fa7f308a31cc

Observation 4af789d2-8ded-4c0a-a012-901cd8565cc1 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space.

Technical Report: Small Language Model for Japanese Clinical and Medicine Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space

Reference 71

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T10:39:13.256643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T10:39:13.256643Z digest=sha256:08332218b9a11385958f1094217610f787784c1fbd171f2ccd89642d01ed4c08

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.