Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 72 of 72 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.19991.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.19991 v1

Coverage vector

measured 72 of 72 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.409341Z

measured 72 of 72 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

72 of 72 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy50
  • unresolved22
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 311ff130-a810-46d9-8f99-e8104c7c7f3f · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Deep learning

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.027313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.027313Z digest=sha256:215f8a5f235d0374eff8c7ba918b8d43c6bb9e9ef2fa7a281aa5c4e6c3c163af

Observation 0730a1a7-2219-4bbe-af1f-a48144d1ea56 · outbound

This paper cites Natu- ral language processing: state of the art, current trends and challenges.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Natu- ral language processing: state of the art, current trends and challenges

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.426129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.035135Z digest=sha256:efa30ad623d1b12a6c10b026b159260854ea94786fec16ced6f2bc9dfd049fa1

Observation 7b02e21b-c24d-41db-9938-1f8077cf7946 · outbound

This paper cites Dif- ferentially private image classification by learning priors from random processes.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Dif- ferentially private image classification by learning priors from random processes

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.412678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.040594Z digest=sha256:b95fb33dacc1305b1acc852a4ea0e222952244ec0c45dda80e4d329907f3b556

Observation e8513ce7-ddbf-4410-95ab-6aee62794b40 · outbound

This paper cites Federated learning for generalization, robustness, fairness: A survey and benchmark.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated learning for generalization, robustness, fairness: A survey and benchmark

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.399548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.047226Z digest=sha256:62818b339cbad531e0d4211dfc13a0c16aafa30916fcddf6b31841d92b86e8f0

Observation aaef6138-aec6-406e-a9d9-c0462ce76479 · outbound

This paper cites Vertical federated learning: Concepts, advances, and challenges.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Vertical federated learning: Concepts, advances, and challenges

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.385765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.052154Z digest=sha256:b8e93e4d36e088278a78d0793649f2fd9f35c3dde7849120afdd19604d98ce30

Observation 3a07f3bc-c383-4f2a-9dac-97e2cc6f85b3 · outbound

This paper cites Billion-scale federated learning on mobile clients: A submodel design with tunable privacy.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Billion-scale federated learning on mobile clients: A submodel design with tunable privacy

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.372060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.057667Z digest=sha256:0ff824f74a2727559723507bb02e6a929c8167a102835b8ed2cc630103197795

Observation ae02e41d-1acb-4e3a-9a24-77f5029c8055 · outbound

This paper cites Applications of federated learning in smart cities: recent advances, taxonomy, and open challenges.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Applications of federated learning in smart cities: recent advances, taxonomy, and open challenges

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.355958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.062936Z digest=sha256:cc37aba012e3b7c37e904b283098871ce8b0ea90f34a06493c50a0d6df017dc3

Observation c5fa47ab-2f10-4bb5-8b9d-bea9777925b0 · outbound

This paper cites Federated learning for smart healthcare: A survey.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated learning for smart healthcare: A survey

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.068077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.068077Z digest=sha256:b9df949982f09906608ebd456bb24bdb09f06c1eac33f2aca14222325ce5d2e6

Observation 64882276-50d0-473d-918d-2042c4529d4a · outbound

This paper cites Towards federated learning at scale: System design.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Towards federated learning at scale: System design

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.331444Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.072772Z digest=sha256:9eeefbabe62bdeb0f40a3aa0bc57479bebde005a15a8ee0a61ef1d7e369d70a9

Observation 68aaa86a-abc4-435b-be70-feb9ef8751f0 · outbound

This paper cites Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.077348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.077348Z digest=sha256:f541f0fc22eceb9749d19c7c33f2756474c1eaa02998765fe68a683911e75367

Observation fb7bfead-c772-4c36-9428-72e55cdef956 · outbound

This paper cites Safa: A semi-asynchronous protocol for fast federated learning with low overhead.IEEE Transactions on Computers, 70(5):655– 668, 2020.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Safa: A semi-asynchronous protocol for fast federated learning with low overhead.IEEE Transactions on Computers, 70(5):655– 668, 2020

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.309624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.082434Z digest=sha256:88303dfe4d087d86a47ebc2588a5c45edd5a2e8e893b1630391131712d7638fa

Observation 9b37006e-5adc-4872-a600-5784c2370d94 · outbound

This paper cites Oort: Efficient federated learning via guided participant selection.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Oort: Efficient federated learning via guided participant selection

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.296039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.087738Z digest=sha256:97c3a4f381b7b2963c5d3afc76fac6096fbcd339e8545cff8e25cc57006a226f

Observation ac82b6a9-0c5e-43eb-89ee-8949c817587d · outbound

This paper cites Hermes: an efficient federated learning framework for heterogeneous mobile clients.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Hermes: an efficient federated learning framework for heterogeneous mobile clients

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.282498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.092553Z digest=sha256:1c6295b9670d1e8d3e2e06d761833d5ed32b744627a700658f3a1118808aab1a

Observation 8db12d95-8130-41c5-bd72-c14f51849dbc · outbound

This paper cites Pyramidfl: A fine-grained client selection framework for efficient federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Pyramidfl: A fine-grained client selection framework for efficient federated learning

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.269498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.097495Z digest=sha256:23d885e1526d7383ac674f20adab54b86fb27e1c8fc7aca17ad3b9318f34ddfc

Observation 441b75e4-b3b5-4918-a5c0-b46ebfce64e1 · outbound

This paper cites Fedsea: A semi-asynchronous federated learning framework for extremely heterogeneous devices.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fedsea: A semi-asynchronous federated learning framework for extremely heterogeneous devices

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.255543Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.102240Z digest=sha256:22c6ac249c8768f5d31bc83085121b892e19ee4beff4da516a03e7a1a1461510

Observation 2fbe50cd-5ca1-477a-9b9c-6c0a76742bed · outbound

This paper cites AsyncFedED: Asynchronous Federated Learning with Euclidean Distance based Adaptive Weight Aggregation.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale AsyncFedED: Asynchronous Federated Learning with Euclidean Distance based Adaptive Weight Aggregation

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.107718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.107718Z digest=sha256:090bce630d2dc270f647f60c596a5dc960816ec7b7ecfdb6a53ed59ad00192e5

Observation 6f784a6b-e266-4d65-8a60-8101a94f8f7b · outbound

This paper cites Bose: Block-wise federated learning in het- erogeneous edge computing.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Bose: Block-wise federated learning in het- erogeneous edge computing

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.241057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.114133Z digest=sha256:74bdc9db83bb3eb4fc49508486a3381f828198ecd0fdf961378faa7426561f4a

Observation 12398e1c-d7ba-4cbd-bd2d-b101c07d63cc · outbound

This paper cites Efficient federated learning for modern nlp.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Efficient federated learning for modern nlp

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.227223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.119465Z digest=sha256:e6465ce6a862477c75bfc4f110116f325a1d60164c9f2ae0f307d74401d3bf22

Observation 96a656e7-823c-4156-a81e-5a218e1910cc · outbound

This paper cites Federated few-shot learning for mobile nlp.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated few-shot learning for mobile nlp

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.213420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.124474Z digest=sha256:3ff7043a8126b0209b39087e6a6458e4b11c3676ffa3660914c8604c0b77791a

Observation b896f1c1-c98a-4ce1-b097-e27961baa2b6 · outbound

This paper cites Aut- ofed: Heterogeneity-aware federated multimodal learning for robust autonomous driving.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Aut- ofed: Heterogeneity-aware federated multimodal learning for robust autonomous driving

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.198718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.129644Z digest=sha256:b2c2c6af88c2c2f027a379da0580fd41a860b668e913c53ba5f03595d924364d

Observation 776dc1ca-c49b-4973-aa92-f458ca6b012f · outbound

This paper cites In 2024 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 24), pages 579–596, 2024.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale In 2024 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 24), pages 579–596, 2024

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.183422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.136100Z digest=sha256:00632c09da3b59846e70b79bfc05bc1cb190949acbab81aa29acd6f344c52702

Observation c3233229-5723-466a-8a89-23778a1cd776 · outbound

This paper cites Federated Learning with Non-IID Data.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated Learning with Non-IID Data

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.141262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.141262Z digest=sha256:d1b256d7a513afe94fce080a052d3dfab79d9748587ae7eab5d937188a5e9b76

Observation 060c5746-9b55-4e57-8598-e08c179c3d03 · outbound

This paper cites Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.147108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.147108Z digest=sha256:99f5a35dae942ccd03cab8ea28a4d22ca92e4e50014c137977fe52c88c1825c6

Observation a2318e24-068e-4183-8f3b-d89d480a2e9b · outbound

This paper cites Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.153161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.153161Z digest=sha256:10c5268a9d4d7508aa9ecd2ac9a2310c20fa00c9a7313cd595cedd1eebac89ef

Observation 905b13d5-d0d5-49ca-ae16-387f90e6126d · outbound

This paper cites Multitude of beta distributions with applications.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Multitude of beta distributions with applications

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.150484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.159470Z digest=sha256:706d9d1c8b56a54c3448a4db43ca422e6376422847b18c364d35fbc5c061f704

Observation 4c9c07da-a5b2-4344-af4e-4e10625e44cb · outbound

This paper cites Bayesian theory, volume 405.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Bayesian theory, volume 405

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.164629Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.164629Z digest=sha256:020f3593da5d3d52eaa28de422088d3ae17ce3ba6e79d4a5d2fab6d8452eb2cf

Observation 06cb872d-0312-49a5-bd86-48cb0c46ac98 · outbound

This paper cites Finite-time analysis of the multiarmed bandit problem.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Finite-time analysis of the multiarmed bandit problem

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.171620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.171620Z digest=sha256:18cebeb2ff86b4895e3ae20c1be313b2a791faa52aa4ca4aa9d752ce487a47b2

Observation 3a5273c8-6a3a-443b-bc7d-214ca62dcfba · outbound

This paper cites Towards efficient and stable k-asynchronous federated learning with unbounded stale gradients on non-iid data.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Towards efficient and stable k-asynchronous federated learning with unbounded stale gradients on non-iid data

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.116121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.177475Z digest=sha256:383d6638a20a5ce546af4f6efc0bc1fa72b5a9c720afdb5fc16e0502c4b66615

Observation 5e869283-5032-4421-8cdb-e29681cb13b1 · outbound

This paper cites Fleet: Online federated learning via staleness awareness and performance prediction.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fleet: Online federated learning via staleness awareness and performance prediction

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.102254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.182520Z digest=sha256:41d763a0e9a84661fdbe6b286c19a347e51a133a04f542b3d6fc9fb624e17872

Observation 17935819-2796-428a-9db0-f68ee7da8d0a · outbound

This paper cites Fedpa: An adaptively partial model aggregation strategy in federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fedpa: An adaptively partial model aggregation strategy in federated learning

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.088939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.190378Z digest=sha256:3d0f98f53b079e983a4cf44d6c314f7e36496d574876f1e9f3b96aef7c48058c

Observation 95a14bd7-a2c1-4c0d-aa08-db9f8dfb747a · outbound

This paper cites Robust asynchronous federated learning with time-weighted and stale model aggregation.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Robust asynchronous federated learning with time-weighted and stale model aggregation

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.075312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.196338Z digest=sha256:efebb587f7445445ca5c19a9fb2f9e9d076a1d12714ebbdee9847368242fdaf5

Observation 96deab17-0b2c-45bf-962d-f3f06320725a · outbound

This paper cites Hiflash: Communication-efficient hi- erarchical federated learning with adaptive staleness control and heterogeneity-aware client-edge association.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Hiflash: Communication-efficient hi- erarchical federated learning with adaptive staleness control and heterogeneity-aware client-edge association

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.061808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.204458Z digest=sha256:95429bf45215ea49a29ff88b4e6214e72f8a58405f694823f62ff195def42b57

Observation e1cda87f-6d11-4bd6-b872-6201554f1176 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.oppo.com/en/smartphones/.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale https://www.oppo.com/en/smartphones/

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.047838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.211284Z digest=sha256:4a9856a42f37cd056435af51f0c56483b87ba5ad72eb955114692a9fb36ca53f

Observation 2d8477ee-d97a-4b46-8ad8-e90d51e4614a · outbound

This paper cites https://github.com/alibaba/MNN?tab=readme-ov-file.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale https://github.com/alibaba/MNN?tab=readme-ov-file

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.033170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.216893Z digest=sha256:5597412f35ad179ec5387c448d3b8064962b41e64338dfa9e35394ebe9f56b58

Observation fee3bcbc-21da-444c-be4f-2b7399e17403 · outbound

This paper cites https://docs.nvidia.com/jetson/.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale https://docs.nvidia.com/jetson/

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:19.017925Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.223520Z digest=sha256:edcf48bdddcdaa3f45841013b7aef911c64418cdfdbbf71625dabe354dce80d8

Observation de414f07-e8fc-438b-80f5-74fd5495daa1 · outbound

This paper cites Docker: lightweight linux containers for consistent development and deployment.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Docker: lightweight linux containers for consistent development and deployment

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.995634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.229651Z digest=sha256:005669860c870ffeec461040f2197c7b244dad19b49d32c8ae263a20c6edc696

Observation b288033c-8ee0-446b-811d-cb5f53ee16c6 · outbound

This paper cites Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.978771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.234931Z digest=sha256:9547c240dd1f31b46b631c7e0477e006f2834768f4e3134ada4ce5d75c3ada4a

Observation b6d82fa8-7939-4bf5-94fc-e027510c3286 · outbound

This paper cites http://dast.nlanr.net/ Projects/Iperf/.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale http://dast.nlanr.net/ Projects/Iperf/

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.962633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.239885Z digest=sha256:2e14785b43014198f7ada6809afe2367d6958ed272316fc53bae5bb3682b8a83

Observation 8510cf30-15c9-4e77-981f-01313f597f9d · outbound

This paper cites Deep convolutional neural net- works for image classification: A comprehensive review.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Deep convolutional neural net- works for image classification: A comprehensive review

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.947673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.244701Z digest=sha256:259bcaa9d15042e612691602e173b60e3b81f001f75aa57381d2289e24e48fdd

Observation f4db4cbe-2e88-4cf1-8530-e532eefc715b · outbound

This paper cites https://github.com/ymliao98/PS_socket/blob/main/models.py.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale https://github.com/ymliao98/PS_socket/blob/main/models.py

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.925790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.249748Z digest=sha256:75fee44874b1c6a2a511cb8b4ea545ea227e24ea398636beac69b7395180dcfd

Observation 95daaf77-8729-49b6-b2aa-51db5051f369 · outbound

This paper cites Deep residual learning for image recognition.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Deep residual learning for image recognition

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.255173Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.255173Z digest=sha256:69fcf461581491aaa78c6726b9c0a7a7535979c2c305b663673cc2ed7469e957

Observation 6fefb785-e074-4657-9356-932f5a11a0ff · outbound

This paper cites Biosignal sensors and deep learning-based speech recognition: A review.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Biosignal sensors and deep learning-based speech recognition: A review

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.900563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.261893Z digest=sha256:70af6a96d6cdd203f6cc4a5856ac5beb191a092faffae4db017a9a7906ca5280

Observation 8fbc40d1-f093-4bcb-aa94-cb72755efa2b · outbound

This paper cites https://pytorch.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale https://pytorch

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.885336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.266463Z digest=sha256:d0a94a07ca03e2c21d81e6bd4fbcd735230ec4f46b85d66077986ab999921820

Observation 933955a6-eda6-461c-b6f2-fe3ed75ca3db · outbound

This paper cites Speech Commands: A Dataset for Limited-Vocabulary Speech Recognition.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Speech Commands: A Dataset for Limited-Vocabulary Speech Recognition

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.272870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.272870Z digest=sha256:2db19228c3d344f8fec81c2890f41e851e9bda42db1b26440f16473847714202

Observation 8bb7fd0c-fc15-4fbf-945b-4c5235845da2 · outbound

This paper cites On-Device Recommender Systems: A Comprehensive Survey.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale On-Device Recommender Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.279055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.279055Z digest=sha256:59f78540d9a3bbc2aeb228a2c44d1e914f276c883957f914c910255da0e3c9f4

Observation 9c1ab94a-4956-4e28-9896-d12886c91cba · outbound

This paper cites Wide & deep learning for recommender systems.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Wide & deep learning for recommender systems

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.285642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.285642Z digest=sha256:cd657be3e53f0b6e4cd3733ffe2235edb5ba51eb24c1b00a20cf0309f1212ef1

Observation fc138079-1b71-4ffd-bedf-e0d64606a38d · outbound

This paper cites https://www.kaggle.com/c/avazu-ctr-prediction/ data.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale https://www.kaggle.com/c/avazu-ctr-prediction/ data

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.861564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.290557Z digest=sha256:5b95d7cc0e0aa8403b424a62ae8b014e9c3a8184d6afa0f2b414285c8e540e81

Observation 4493bee5-8049-4606-8e7e-43458a507e4d · outbound

This paper cites Decentralized federated learning: Fundamentals, state of the art, frameworks, trends, and challenges.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Decentralized federated learning: Fundamentals, state of the art, frameworks, trends, and challenges

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.847014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.297306Z digest=sha256:30351ee83d635aed50fa0d4403c45bb9cf1abd998c08538c8915c64899634a5f

Observation 80792de5-67e4-4504-bc7a-d68fa99f48a7 · outbound

This paper cites Fedlab: A flexible federated learning framework.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fedlab: A flexible federated learning framework

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.831642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.303546Z digest=sha256:5068c2af62e0d77059180fba1ffc6775e63bf056a294294ffbe7133afc0b1ead

Observation c4aa9cd4-0f04-4235-98c3-2eda981fad21 · outbound

This paper cites Federated learning for internet of things: Recent advances, taxonomy, and open challenges.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated learning for internet of things: Recent advances, taxonomy, and open challenges

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.816486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.308450Z digest=sha256:c13eb3929648c7817f2bb573364cefa7924c96de764c415f525b25bebee68a80

Observation d8613ac0-3d0d-43ac-84a0-ccffbf29be65 · outbound

This paper cites Federated Learning: Opportunities and Challenges.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated Learning: Opportunities and Challenges

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.312857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.312857Z digest=sha256:e935b983c95cfd232a89b33b9eed0de231f93e24dfa656d63310af556a478e5c

Observation d64fbcea-c5aa-4e21-8a7b-08fc6cf2f7c5 · outbound

This paper cites Federated optimization in heterogeneous networks.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated optimization in heterogeneous networks

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.317639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.317639Z digest=sha256:34a0a63fee2122fd5e3dede8b0ec969a114a6bcf446303f12486c6cb0918d33d

Observation 3000714c-b2e1-48ba-998b-28a7d8e52a5d · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive federated optimization.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Adaptive federated optimization

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.792914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.321765Z digest=sha256:187e5a76fb68509b6ae4526f3143ae9b9b19652efd5609c77b83d75ae4d14595

Observation a96e38d7-5d21-4bd5-9c2e-e2d6b1f77891 · outbound

This paper cites Fedur: Federated learning optimization through adaptive centralized learning optimizers.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fedur: Federated learning optimization through adaptive centralized learning optimizers

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.777924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.326529Z digest=sha256:d915708f59418f18030ecb66ed02a9273fafc61aa84a4165ed6b39a17f132205

Observation d53eddea-fe2e-427b-8983-5eb5509284f4 · outbound

This paper cites Fedala: Adaptive local aggregation for person- alized federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fedala: Adaptive local aggregation for person- alized federated learning

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.763943Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.330543Z digest=sha256:8ea873423801485b6bb4aa946788c7e9a4791a4837e65612f403e84bb5d0d39e

Observation 22b4416a-0b0b-403f-a7fa-c5a1fdedc209 · outbound

This paper cites Towards personalized federated learning via heterogeneous model reassembly.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Towards personalized federated learning via heterogeneous model reassembly

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.335160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.335160Z digest=sha256:ab6886b90f0f22cb0465aca11c7c8062f7769b53c59691d254b05c3b707f441d

Observation bc4ea047-0f9c-4e58-a8bc-fa64a8c921f3 · outbound

This paper cites Flow: per-instance personalized federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Flow: per-instance personalized federated learning

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.740685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.339549Z digest=sha256:076dfe143fbcf2bd1aff696b47ba134c16a2f978c001a666550e3abbaa760cc3

Observation 4e2bb511-3c63-4240-8b9e-aeddc5c67e7c · outbound

This paper cites Fedas: Bridging inconsis- tency in personalized federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fedas: Bridging inconsis- tency in personalized federated learning

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.727175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.343809Z digest=sha256:93ea191a91b90cc18d5b13fb920ac56bf0bd0918639ee410e67eada3bcc71485

Observation 0586f9c2-f22a-4b27-8dd6-c1a071787a65 · outbound

This paper cites Communication Efficiency in Federated Learning: Achievements and Challenges.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Communication Efficiency in Federated Learning: Achievements and Challenges

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.348131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.348131Z digest=sha256:5cfae0a1a43a401d01717aeb32e4ba99c1f4241da9372491396cd2ad8547c728

Observation 1bd651a4-6dc5-4965-8d58-322b33f72b5b · outbound

This paper cites Uveqfed: Universal vector quantization for federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Uveqfed: Universal vector quantization for federated learning

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.712736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.353274Z digest=sha256:3e03c12e07f3a6773aa5c99e04a118725cc645aa2b9907da9a1683d437722484

Observation 4e21fe0f-911e-4c03-84b0-a14281684dbe · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive quantization of model updates for communication- efficient federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Adaptive quantization of model updates for communication- efficient federated learning

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.698749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.358432Z digest=sha256:ee0aa59cd4d7ff644d0ef41c522767bdaef416fc48c471b4aa1e9b597f2be836

Observation 964420aa-40d6-4230-9d7d-a106c45f775a · outbound

This paper cites Towards mitigating device heterogeneity in federated learning via adaptive model quantization.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Towards mitigating device heterogeneity in federated learning via adaptive model quantization

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.684661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.363296Z digest=sha256:4f2f74924325e8cb8d160a82d0a142133d14e1d439207ca702f01ed683cc5664

Observation d572a2d2-a613-40a2-bd49-af3b9d8ff8f5 · outbound

This paper cites Neural network quantization in federated learn- ing at the edge.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Neural network quantization in federated learn- ing at the edge

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.671735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.368439Z digest=sha256:3033c692143cc86f5a79ba76df75f39b96bc21a3027c2f7faab787a79c734e45

Observation 7d3f97e0-38c5-42b7-9fd6-12eb932acddc · outbound

This paper cites Federated Learning With Quantized Global Model Updates.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Federated Learning With Quantized Global Model Updates

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.372942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.372942Z digest=sha256:6e06bff5396ff0b0e1eb8ac78705b18c5c14b8cea007888ff63d713284e113a0

Observation 03e1ae57-4957-422a-a0a1-ceff8f318976 · outbound

This paper cites Model compression for communication efficient federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Model compression for communication efficient federated learning

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.657710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.377750Z digest=sha256:3b8bad7f48a8dbbbe3dc513bd6e6d2071c02bf445e4be928d4d7e6e531183bfd

Observation 51785202-a669-4204-b975-24203f34212f · outbound

This paper cites FEDZIP: A Compression Framework for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale FEDZIP: A Compression Framework for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning

Reference 66

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.382400Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.382400Z digest=sha256:0df4fc04a45262c33eccdd882414d300a1b7460e3b165962d1940f1170be33fd

Observation 7bd0ddbe-9573-40d8-bc07-29e8097d20ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Unresolved cited work

Reference 67

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.644756Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.387151Z digest=sha256:5a1b874f55aab225fa9bdedbb89a574a2d035a8622727f2e9747974f34e7f821

Observation 6c63ba58-4a1d-442f-9e83-2da6d765a755 · outbound

This paper cites FedMD: Heterogenous Federated Learning via Model Distillation.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale FedMD: Heterogenous Federated Learning via Model Distillation

Reference 68

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.391443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.391443Z digest=sha256:e757e9176a6abd3b584365ecffc4be839933dd6e61da809deebb42d4e3aedae1

Observation 14e92361-d43f-46c8-86af-35d11d23e076 · outbound

This paper cites Data-free knowledge distillation for heterogeneous federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Data-free knowledge distillation for heterogeneous federated learning

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.629266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.396340Z digest=sha256:86031c35ab6eeaa6117cad2c2c8c5a5309e73ee8651e5195cd6f57e2c3acb31a

Observation 99050970-9bd1-4457-b3ba-fd749ceb387a · outbound

This paper cites Communication-efficient federated learning via knowledge distil- lation.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Communication-efficient federated learning via knowledge distil- lation

Reference 70

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.401061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.401061Z digest=sha256:51c20a1becd835c5320097ae2d1aefd913dfeac6ae4a85cf462a99c6547e0a13

Observation 59ed01ad-2324-409e-94a6-a90c825931d1 · outbound

This paper cites Fedfed: Feature distillation against data heterogeneity in federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Fedfed: Feature distillation against data heterogeneity in federated learning

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.608531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.405130Z digest=sha256:3a4cbaf9d831ace334dbe56ed32af771edf2b458c020158016e36d1f524bd3c8

Observation 424f6b5a-f821-4b79-b62c-1dbbc30aa320 · outbound

This paper cites Dfrd: Data-free robustness distillation for heterogeneous federated learning.

A Robust Federated Learning Framework for Undependable Devices at Scale Dfrd: Data-free robustness distillation for heterogeneous federated learning

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:45:18.594050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T23:45:18.409341Z digest=sha256:b6079d511d58a7a2a5109af7ea61efa889cad9b3aea57a584d05f7a6a6ba0cd1

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.