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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 12 of 12 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.21162.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.21162 v1

Coverage vector

measured 12 of 12 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:37.884089Z

measured 13 of 13 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T18:45:17.849658Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-15T18:45:18.155385Z

Reference resolution

12 of 12 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy11
  • unresolved0
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9c2ac98c-ce72-41ab-8719-6a20f6f468ea · outbound

This paper cites The 5G System Architecture.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation The 5G System Architecture

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.086601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.848612Z digest=sha256:dee2ecbebaea2472705a38c889baec9400d1daa521b6a360a9c9b465ac775982

Observation 30025363-039f-47a4-928b-ac7300145664 · outbound

This paper cites Next generation of microservices for the 5G Service-Based Architecture.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Next generation of microservices for the 5G Service-Based Architecture

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.079363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.853430Z digest=sha256:68ec6b667cba325865124492ba162e84e48aea4d9b36f6ac1d69e48cf96b5d31

Observation 230a475a-08f2-4073-bd81-620663a6bce6 · outbound

This paper cites Open, Programmable, and Virtualized 5G Networks: State-of-the-Art and the Road Ahead.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Open, Programmable, and Virtualized 5G Networks: State-of-the-Art and the Road Ahead

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.071777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.857742Z digest=sha256:bf1b6c7c91773b169d84134980319e27eec1ce9892757c55f803b081e8d131e1

Observation 75f139b8-6c85-45c1-bbf0-167ed09760d7 · outbound

This paper cites A Reference Deployment of a Minimal Open-Source Private Industry and Campus 5G Standalone (SA) System.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation A Reference Deployment of a Minimal Open-Source Private Industry and Campus 5G Standalone (SA) System

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.064353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.861011Z digest=sha256:50e175e35a753a3e734c3c4698356f91a0815c68174781c841474372df46e7a2

Observation 94a289b9-ec8c-4632-8d6b-a74db14e358d · outbound

This paper cites Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.055632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.864075Z digest=sha256:916e11eb698e1a95b984fa3c18a99cb4bf66127883d86ae8e40f2858c318bf94

Observation 33e391fa-aa0f-4199-8cd2-22be25e9cad4 · outbound

This paper cites Network-Slice-as-a-Service Deployment Cost Assessment in an End-to-End 5G Testbed.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Network-Slice-as-a-Service Deployment Cost Assessment in an End-to-End 5G Testbed

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.047984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.867006Z digest=sha256:578b6d270d5122dc30c93cd85e1968afd59e6375ca9182a086c46aca7a75d613

Observation 5bb6d7ce-cd07-47d0-b5ce-21159b0da091 · outbound

This paper cites System architecture for the 5G System (5GS).

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation System architecture for the 5G System (5GS)

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.038148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.870430Z digest=sha256:8c0ddeb584f5a76a0244b325b8c07167f1aaf8df9e54f8baeba0f11df50c3bfc

Observation 4515f53b-dd7c-4423-ada6-7be473696622 · outbound

This paper cites Analysis for Comparison of Framework for 5G Core Implementation.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Analysis for Comparison of Framework for 5G Core Implementation

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.029442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.873099Z digest=sha256:b0f10ac6ebad8df4e0c453fcbedfd921ba74e13f441d9af47e353d13b6b9a4e7

Observation 36d3fccf-8ad9-46fb-b039-0cd6ef1d45fc · outbound

This paper cites Open Source 5G Core Network Implementations: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Open Source 5G Core Network Implementations: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.021208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.875683Z digest=sha256:356bb7688134160442569798ab38dc6254df62c743a62486ed28b38101044c87

Observation 84a35022-9beb-4d83-9959-ac7027b055b3 · outbound

This paper cites Tutorial on communication between access networks and the 5G core.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Tutorial on communication between access networks and the 5G core

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.012109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.878386Z digest=sha256:fc00f8d6cf6731e471f517edfe47eaf77229c0651f8577259f2fce443d65baed

Observation e30515c1-945e-46a5-b828-24bc64880659 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the performance of open source software implementations of the 5G network core.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Evaluating the performance of open source software implementations of the 5G network core

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.001861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.881399Z digest=sha256:9cd538573896c7d094e33d2de706bc936a0c6d63ad76959eec166fa0ee46564b

Observation fafcc072-c9e7-473c-b1d9-833994086ca4 · outbound

This paper cites Ԅ; ˏ 9"j8 6 tzyy l6@ kp' 7l6 d2X Q q Gr P m6o&EQo>qD0 dY ٗ_ ڵk (Y ` ^ݻw ޽ xSSS:j|Ǐ|YUnKh0 `` 歷2 ap8 4M˲o 9r xUUj H / Q eCP4 T < _ \ Ȋ p8l0 X t:L&F oQw 7 h a&6c(ʲl27 D.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Ԅ; ˏ 9"j8 6 tzyy l6@ kp' 7l6 d2X Q q Gr P m6o&EQo>qD0 dY ٗ_ ڵk (Y ` ^ݻw ޽ xSSS:j|Ǐ|YUnKh0 `` 歷2 ap8 4M˲o 9r xUUj H / Q eCP4 T < _ \ Ȋ p8l0 X t:L&F oQw 7 h a&6c(ʲl27 D

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:37.991683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.884089Z digest=sha256:dc8e08df574d93e550e2c7cf4be06ad63900b5ea679cd7f0fa49cb11c49fc35a

Pith citing papers

Observation bbdacf16-e7f4-416d-bedc-9c6d5435d8bc · inbound

WiLLM: an Open Framework for LLM Services over Wireless Systems cites this paper.

WiLLM: an Open Framework for LLM Services over Wireless Systems Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation

Reference 2024

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T18:45:18.159667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T18:45:17.849658Z digest=sha256:b5342aa7e08fbe9de06df9e1d0bb56133132e2f563218eafc03eb63f354c2715