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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 14 of 14 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.10538.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.10538 v3

Coverage vector

measured 14 of 14 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.350165Z

measured 16 of 16 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:33:59.357786Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T11:34:03.290997Z

Reference resolution

14 of 14 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy6
  • unresolved7
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d41e6a53-8b45-4c54-933c-d37416442252 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.588093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.285664Z digest=sha256:7eeae83f10ff2ca073815597043d2edecffd39e4ac53ba47b186d8aa0618361b

Observation 11f8028d-0db8-4457-93f6-bfc05ea794b6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.572219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation 1e6dd279-cced-4253-9eb9-6a0ccde416a2 · outbound

This paper cites Thus, by Lemma S2.5 (i), 𝑡≤ 𝛼2 2 1−𝜀∥ 𝝁∥2 <∥ 𝝁∥2.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Thus, by Lemma S2.5 (i), 𝑡≤ 𝛼2 2 1−𝜀∥ 𝝁∥2 <∥ 𝝁∥2

Reference 4

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.556982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.297173Z digest=sha256:f7864d1fc60fd35910d16b49580118928bf98b378915fa15f9a6b444465b3173

Observation 7672bc23-d73e-4d4a-a19f-040632277ccc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.528429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.307084Z digest=sha256:fec986105eedc2b356ebf51925973a68d979c90ccaca514f1b0484bcce97d533

Observation 73260d62-5133-4b25-8c66-b09007bdf884 · outbound

This paper cites Then, we have ∥ ˆ𝒘∥ ⟨ ˆ𝒘, 𝝁⟩ 2 ≍ 1 ∥ 𝝁∥2+ 1 𝑛𝜌∥ 𝝁∥4.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Then, we have ∥ ˆ𝒘∥ ⟨ ˆ𝒘, 𝝁⟩ 2 ≍ 1 ∥ 𝝁∥2+ 1 𝑛𝜌∥ 𝝁∥4

Reference 6

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.513960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation 9c5b03cc-f70d-4b66-8c14-b2b5ea258521 · outbound

This paper cites By Lemma S2.1, to conclude that ˆ𝒘=𝑋⊤(𝑋𝑋⊤)−1 𝒚N, it suffices to show that each entry of the vectorΔ( 𝒚N)(𝑋𝑋⊤)−1 𝒚N is strictly positive.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification By Lemma S2.1, to conclude that ˆ𝒘=𝑋⊤(𝑋𝑋⊤)−1 𝒚N, it suffices to show that each entry of the vectorΔ( 𝒚N)(𝑋𝑋⊤)−1 𝒚N is strictly positive

Reference 7

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.317840Z digest=sha256:a36db280560945144afaa855e429326dd1593490c2db2ad8517c86228d6112bc

Observation d599aed5-c994-4ed2-a279-9a856295214e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.328627Z digest=sha256:c733e4df92b0b16e3806846a0ef75b21e4fe28317b1e9739899c6cf0a0112e53

Observation 4f19c7a9-1d9f-4677-beff-dce492af9b52 · outbound

This paper cites The conclusion follows from this result combined with the fact that 𝜌= E[𝑔−2]tr(Σ)−1.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification The conclusion follows from this result combined with the fact that 𝜌= E[𝑔−2]tr(Σ)−1

Reference 10

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.450565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation 4deae07d-dfc8-4f45-95e7-5b8cb7b738d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.434643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.337227Z digest=sha256:f233bb6396b994015e22a1c9998c2ee5c12555377a4f25bcc5b8dc3bff751c9f

Observation 75ebab15-8184-4bb1-9402-7ba1e9a6ff37 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.419468Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.341424Z digest=sha256:f0fc20999ea3f041ef004fa47172fd680042620d7f6fbac7bc514cb7af58ecaa

Observation f472c055-61c5-407b-be9a-6b383edccbb0 · outbound

This paper cites We now show that the conditions in (i) in the present theorem imply the conditions in (i) of(𝑁𝐶2,𝜂).

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification We now show that the conditions in (i) in the present theorem imply the conditions in (i) of(𝑁𝐶2,𝜂)

Reference 13

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.404513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T19:17:15.345750Z digest=sha256:a90324daa3c7256730eaed667760236278b8e6bdedef6f57a5fd478fd714cae2

Observation baf576fa-f159-414c-ba8a-9e0630f4b88a · outbound

This paper cites The conclusion now follows by Theorem 3.5.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification The conclusion now follows by Theorem 3.5

Reference 14

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation 0222768b-d37e-4c71-8eea-99f33026a15c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T19:17:15.543080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation a3be4e21-a7c2-4293-8ad8-099cac527338 · outbound

This paper cites Next, we bound each of the remaining values in (S.9).

Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification Next, we bound each of the remaining values in (S.9)

Reference 64

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Pith citing papers

Observation 770f3cef-4b79-4cbe-aded-52927f392196 · inbound

Benign Overfitting in Linear Classifiers with a Bias Term cites this paper.

Benign Overfitting in Linear Classifiers with a Bias Term Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification

Reference 2025

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T06:53:08.154080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T06:53:08.154080Z digest=sha256:cc3854f8ee673a1a8d4571aa14088601f0910dd7cafc09171af8d8951c5ea8fa

Observation 45b56ba1-5165-4e32-8e96-cc6796246d26 · inbound

Minimax Optimal Early-Stopped Gradient Descent for Gaussian Mixture Classification cites this paper.

Minimax Optimal Early-Stopped Gradient Descent for Gaussian Mixture Classification Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification

Reference 13

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:34:03.392749Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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