Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 60 of 60 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.15065.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.15065 v1

Coverage vector

measured 60 of 60 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:33.267383Z

measured 62 of 62 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

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measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:38.762189Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-10T22:38:49.042498Z

Reference resolution

60 of 60 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 86265cf6-a246-4c95-a19a-881a7a71cc0f · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts write newline

Reference 1

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Observation 79a2d612-ff1f-4a47-95fa-d2e8b03c3fb3 · outbound

This paper cites Ensemble of averages: Improving model selection and boosting performance in domain generalization.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Ensemble of averages: Improving model selection and boosting performance in domain generalization

Reference 2

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Observation 2548e344-03c7-4aec-8ea7-43d18dd4bc43 · outbound

This paper cites Swad: Domain generalization by seeking flat minima.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Swad: Domain generalization by seeking flat minima

Reference 3

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Observation 8eafec29-95eb-4475-bbeb-1725480f9570 · outbound

This paper cites Weighted training for cross-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Weighted training for cross-task learning

Reference 4

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Observation cb53cecc-e3fe-4a29-a50d-2bf1eef4f75a · outbound

This paper cites The principle of diversity: Training stronger vision transformers calls for reducing all levels of redundancy.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts The principle of diversity: Training stronger vision transformers calls for reducing all levels of redundancy

Reference 5

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Observation 2850f405-759c-418d-a5d5-6bdcf27a0b82 · outbound

This paper cites G rad N orm: Gradient normalization for adaptive loss balancing in deep multitask networks.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts G rad N orm: Gradient normalization for adaptive loss balancing in deep multitask networks

Reference 6

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Observation f005fc31-59db-46f5-9ee4-eaca80455f85 · outbound

This paper cites Just pick a sign: Optimizing deep multitask models with gradient sign dropout.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Just pick a sign: Optimizing deep multitask models with gradient sign dropout

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.798938Z

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Observation 6ab02369-8361-46b9-9393-3e160358e96b · outbound

This paper cites Remote sensing image scene classification: Benchmark and state of the art.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Remote sensing image scene classification: Benchmark and state of the art

Reference 8

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This paper cites Describing textures in the wild.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Describing textures in the wild

Reference 9

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Observation 306753a5-aba3-487e-b9f0-823f3e0aa59c · outbound

This paper cites Analyzing redundancy in pretrained transformer models.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Analyzing redundancy in pretrained transformer models

Reference 10

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Observation 93a1bf10-fa64-43c8-b9c9-296104403bb4 · outbound

This paper cites Mssm: A multiple-level sparse sharing model for efficient multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Mssm: A multiple-level sparse sharing model for efficient multi-task learning

Reference 11

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This paper cites Theory of statistical estimation.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Theory of statistical estimation

Reference 12

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Observation 0af12efd-af7f-4bec-bf14-da708d75b683 · outbound

This paper cites Mtl-nas: Task-agnostic neural architecture search towards general-purpose multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Mtl-nas: Task-agnostic neural architecture search towards general-purpose multi-task learning

Reference 13

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Observation b7c23325-0daf-48e6-a4f8-fc119ac7f5cb · outbound

This paper cites Dselect-k: Differentiable selection in the mixture of experts with applications to multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Dselect-k: Differentiable selection in the mixture of experts with applications to multi-task learning

Reference 14

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Observation 09ce6577-08df-416e-b3f4-beab3dd44b03 · outbound

This paper cites Metabalance: Improving multi-task recommendations via adapting gradient magnitudes of auxiliary tasks.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Metabalance: Improving multi-task recommendations via adapting gradient magnitudes of auxiliary tasks

Reference 15

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Observation e79c8a00-9d21-4e7c-98b9-0735f434d970 · outbound

This paper cites Eurosat: A novel dataset and deep learning benchmark for land use and land cover classification.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Eurosat: A novel dataset and deep learning benchmark for land use and land cover classification

Reference 16

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Observation 9906bfa5-7343-4492-8047-5c309eaebd9b · outbound

This paper cites Lo RA : Low-rank adaptation of large language models.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Lo RA : Low-rank adaptation of large language models

Reference 17

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Observation bb9d2f1b-c771-4fde-b478-bca98f086ca5 · outbound

This paper cites Revisiting scalarization in multi-task learning: A theoretical perspective.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Revisiting scalarization in multi-task learning: A theoretical perspective

Reference 18

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Observation 43ad5b62-06cf-4b05-9634-a214ef24074a · outbound

This paper cites Editing models with task arithmetic.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Editing models with task arithmetic

Reference 19

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This paper cites Editing models with task arithmetic.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Editing models with task arithmetic

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.687582Z

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This paper cites Averaging weights leads to wider optima and better generalization.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Averaging weights leads to wider optima and better generalization

Reference 21

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Observation a0aacf01-bdcd-4a91-a63a-e4beffe73a4a · outbound

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Neural tangent kernel: Convergence and generalization in neural networks

Reference 22

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Observation 83bafc81-30c1-4beb-ba08-ab918e062bd6 · outbound

This paper cites Rotograd: Gradient homogenization in multitask learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Rotograd: Gradient homogenization in multitask learning

Reference 23

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This paper cites Dataless knowledge fusion by merging weights of language models.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Dataless knowledge fusion by merging weights of language models

Reference 24

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Observation 047cd0f5-34bd-4012-8d0e-d47132acf7a4 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 25

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts 3d object representations for fine-grained categorization

Reference 26

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This paper cites MNIST handwritten digit database.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts MNIST handwritten digit database

Reference 27

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Conflict-averse gradient descent for multi-task learning

Reference 28

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This paper cites Conflict-averse gradient descent for multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Conflict-averse gradient descent for multi-task learning

Reference 29

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Adversarial multi-task learning for text classification

Reference 30

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Auto-lambda: Disentangling dynamic task relationships

Reference 32

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Unresolved cited work

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Merging models with fisher-weighted averaging

Reference 34

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This paper cites Multi-task distillation: Towards mitigating the negative transfer in multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Multi-task distillation: Towards mitigating the negative transfer in multi-task learning

Reference 35

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Multi-task learning as a bargaining game

Reference 36

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.503867Z

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This paper cites Task arithmetic in the tangent space: Improved editing of pre-trained models.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Task arithmetic in the tangent space: Improved editing of pre-trained models

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.488948Z

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Observation d8a0dcea-3789-49e2-9ad4-85ce64f99382 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.474120Z

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This paper cites An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms

Reference 40

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Multi-task learning as multi-objective optimization

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.459601Z

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Observation d6e9a8e2-049f-4dd3-b96d-267dfa8e325d · outbound

This paper cites The german traffic sign recognition benchmark: A multi-class classification competition.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts The german traffic sign recognition benchmark: A multi-class classification competition

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.444851Z

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Observation 8ff1f41b-2bab-42de-9e24-ac85c970a9aa · outbound

This paper cites Towards Plastic and Stable Exemplar-Free Incremental Learning: A Dual-Learner Framework with Cumulative Parameter Averaging.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Towards Plastic and Stable Exemplar-Free Incremental Learning: A Dual-Learner Framework with Cumulative Parameter Averaging

Reference 43

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Observation b6fc508f-15fc-4e95-828f-032f51d5d71c · outbound

This paper cites Adashare: Learning what to share for efficient deep multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Adashare: Learning what to share for efficient deep multi-task learning

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.429315Z

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Observation 1516890c-c938-4a69-b056-cb9848a17e71 · outbound

This paper cites Merging multi-task models via weight-ensembling mixture of experts.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Merging multi-task models via weight-ensembling mixture of experts

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.413046Z

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Observation a06ff7af-45be-4cf4-874e-61e1e102c77f · outbound

This paper cites Progressive layered extraction (ple): A novel multi-task learning (mtl) model for personalized recommendations.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Progressive layered extraction (ple): A novel multi-task learning (mtl) model for personalized recommendations

Reference 46

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Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Hacking task confounder in meta-learning

Reference 47

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.397765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e75f50e7-7199-440c-8637-628466063427 · outbound

This paper cites Localizing task information for improved model merging and compression.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Localizing task information for improved model merging and compression

Reference 48

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.383367Z

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Observation 455e7a30-7a9d-4a87-ab13-2df28649b32b · outbound

This paper cites All of statistics: A concise course in statistical inference, 2013.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts All of statistics: A concise course in statistical inference, 2013

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.368697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2a879e88-7f74-41fb-a2cb-e61a108768b0 · outbound

This paper cites Mixture of lo RA experts.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Mixture of lo RA experts

Reference 50

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.353902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c18086b7-a0a9-455b-97ca-6536d42e402e · outbound

This paper cites Sun database: Exploring a large collection of scene categories.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Sun database: Exploring a large collection of scene categories

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:33.225336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 804569de-baaf-4544-ab39-bd642f890f06 · outbound

This paper cites TIES -merging: Resolving interference when merging models.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts TIES -merging: Resolving interference when merging models

Reference 52

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.328839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c983a123-12b3-4e45-b858-031349daa408 · outbound

This paper cites Cross-task knowledge distillation in multi-task recommendation.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Cross-task knowledge distillation in multi-task recommendation

Reference 53

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:33.305573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 868d9cbd-928d-4e21-a7da-6f09c2fbd892 · outbound

This paper cites Adatask: A task-aware adaptive learning rate approach to multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Adatask: A task-aware adaptive learning rate approach to multi-task learning

Reference 54

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.312380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation eb47fc54-554f-4f61-b8be-60afddc62ecd · outbound

This paper cites Representation surgery for multi-task model merging.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Representation surgery for multi-task model merging

Reference 55

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.297517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6b226dbb-7efc-479b-b686-8a48dbead4b4 · outbound

This paper cites Adamerging: Adaptive model merging for multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Adamerging: Adaptive model merging for multi-task learning

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.281619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 74d3087f-75ba-40ca-bbaa-40ee234ebc59 · outbound

This paper cites Gradient surgery for multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Gradient surgery for multi-task learning

Reference 57

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.266300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 279bcf89-f243-4fdf-a138-a197815aa0fe · outbound

This paper cites Composing parameter-efficient modules with arithmetic operation.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts Composing parameter-efficient modules with arithmetic operation

Reference 58

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:34.150921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 25f12ffc-1002-4d76-bd48-96febfd45600 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on negative transfer.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts A survey on negative transfer

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:33.262663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 677506ce-190c-4fa2-967e-a8fc279e7171 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on multi-task learning.

Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts A survey on multi-task learning

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:42:33.267383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Pith citing papers

Observation 509998ce-7697-4e78-a706-f23335adbc56 · inbound

Modeling Multi-Task Model Merging as Adaptive Projective Gradient Descent cites this paper.

Modeling Multi-Task Model Merging as Adaptive Projective Gradient Descent Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts

Reference 2025

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T22:38:49.048202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation bb399fbf-e998-498e-bf8b-8133f446a8f4 · inbound

CAT Merging: A Training-Free Approach for Resolving Conflicts in Model Merging cites this paper.

CAT Merging: A Training-Free Approach for Resolving Conflicts in Model Merging Task Arithmetic in Trust Region: A Training-Free Model Merging Approach to Navigate Knowledge Conflicts

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:36:38.762189Z

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