Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.00075.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.00075 v1

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.357001Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:25.004379Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T18:57:16.659067Z

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy3
unresolved25
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 3037bb8b-9fb6-48ed-9c7c-362386e41f28 · outbound

This paper cites Better fine-tuning by reducing representational collapse.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Better fine-tuning by reducing representational collapse

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:02.188399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 674b5e80-c4ba-458c-8104-5cef98b289b9 · outbound

This paper cites LLM Augmented LLMs: Expanding Capabilities through Composition.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM LLM Augmented LLMs: Expanding Capabilities through Composition

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:00.989878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc60d525-1618-44c4-8e5f-11b3e61038f5 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.013542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7420f786-e965-44e1-b308-4070fca186e9 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.021975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33878b3e-7740-4bd8-9099-9bfd3fe3d33a · outbound

This paper cites No Need to Talk: Asynchronous Mixture of Language Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM No Need to Talk: Asynchronous Mixture of Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.832219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f1178855-9a9a-4c59-8eb3-5c48cca6aa16 · outbound

This paper cites Don't Stop Pretraining: Adapt Language Models to Domains and Tasks.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Don't Stop Pretraining: Adapt Language Models to Domains and Tasks

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.038955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5bfd1ccc-4dbe-4e36-8663-d05a0b3951f0 · outbound

This paper cites Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.070134Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01a5f7e0-41f5-4739-95f3-4d47af8433bd · outbound

This paper cites Mixture-of-Transformers: A Sparse and Scalable Architecture for Multi-Modal Foundation Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Mixture-of-Transformers: A Sparse and Scalable Architecture for Multi-Modal Foundation Models

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.077437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0357313c-1fc0-4f1e-8f2e-23d8600ceff4 · outbound

This paper cites RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Data.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Data

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.131976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0a3da1b-3cb9-4997-86b8-d1f55317918d · outbound

This paper cites OpenWebMath: An Open Dataset of High-Quality Mathematical Web Text.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM OpenWebMath: An Open Dataset of High-Quality Mathematical Web Text

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.164748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 020bf8b2-90c5-48e8-8eee-f8c9caa01806 · outbound

This paper cites Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.205682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32bf083b-88a8-4ae0-afbb-4aa136fe3655 · outbound

This paper cites Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.236763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 55e3db53-ce5b-4002-9bf2-ba3d3ddf69a0 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.271328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 118b8e59-244c-479c-b46b-1d01b0776e34 · outbound

This paper cites Branch-Train-MiX: Mixing Expert LLMs into a Mixture-of-Experts LLM.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Branch-Train-MiX: Mixing Expert LLMs into a Mixture-of-Experts LLM

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.299244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45c70adb-9721-44a4-a224-80e0b12dad0b · outbound

This paper cites Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.305357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c26671c3-d0bb-4472-80fb-54803cdc8f51 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Safety and Helpfulness Balanced Responses via Controllable Large Language Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Towards Safety and Helpfulness Balanced Responses via Controllable Large Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.312232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c2c03fec-4a9c-415d-adc8-252e17245934 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Safety and Helpfulness Balanced Responses via Controllable Large Language Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Towards Safety and Helpfulness Balanced Responses via Controllable Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.317633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45766439-9f24-42ff-be77-a8a250d14933 · outbound

This paper cites Mitchell Wortsman, Gabriel Ilharco, Samir Ya Gadre, Rebecca Roelofs, Raphael Gontijo-Lopes, Ari S Morcos, Hongseok Namkoong, Ali Farhadi, Yair Carmon, Simon Kornblith, et al.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Mitchell Wortsman, Gabriel Ilharco, Samir Ya Gadre, Rebecca Roelofs, Raphael Gontijo-Lopes, Ari S Morcos, Hongseok Namkoong, Ali Farhadi, Yair Carmon, Simon Kornblith, et al

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:02.090254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 0232f297-8b07-4137-8f53-26572a8d4f20 · outbound

This paper cites Data Mixing Laws: Optimizing Data Mixtures by Predicting Language Modeling Performance.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Data Mixing Laws: Optimizing Data Mixtures by Predicting Language Modeling Performance

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.330804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3570ed30-138e-4f50-a5fc-d9d91e723865 · outbound

This paper cites Data Mixing Laws: Optimizing Data Mixtures by Predicting Language Modeling Performance.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Data Mixing Laws: Optimizing Data Mixtures by Predicting Language Modeling Performance

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.338060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5365c168-cc5a-44a8-be24-673fe2225cc8 · outbound

This paper cites Mixture of Attention Heads: Selecting Attention Heads Per Token.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Mixture of Attention Heads: Selecting Attention Heads Per Token

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.344329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71a16bef-a5f7-43dc-a220-6ece9adb0772 · outbound

This paper cites Law of the Weakest Link: Cross Capabilities of Large Language Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Law of the Weakest Link: Cross Capabilities of Large Language Models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.351042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb98c7c0-ef8b-41f3-865e-40254b27134d · outbound

This paper cites The expert training setup follows the same procedure outlined in Section 3.1.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM The expert training setup follows the same procedure outlined in Section 3.1

Reference 30

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.962611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 802491ba-907d-4a32-8e5e-56693ca642de · outbound

This paper cites Soft Merging of Experts with Adaptive Routing.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Soft Merging of Experts with Adaptive Routing

Reference 1989

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.099537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f473eb2e-8517-4541-91d9-c6f27cc26b1f · outbound

This paper cites TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension

Reference 2016

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.056284Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e575699-2b4b-4e4d-954a-c640877587d2 · outbound

This paper cites Sparse Upcycling: Training Mixture-of-Experts from Dense Checkpoints.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Sparse Upcycling: Training Mixture-of-Experts from Dense Checkpoints

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.063787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c3cc1c4b-7472-440f-aa9a-1362d5044225 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Unresolved cited work

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:02.169295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 4240c37a-cfaa-479b-8912-60a846284ce6 · outbound

This paper cites Jacob Austin, Augustus Odena, Maxwell Nye, Maarten Bosma, Henryk Michalewski, David Dohan, Ellen Jiang, Carrie Cai, Michael Terry, Quoc Le, and Charles Sutton.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Jacob Austin, Augustus Odena, Maxwell Nye, Maarten Bosma, Henryk Michalewski, David Dohan, Ellen Jiang, Carrie Cai, Michael Terry, Quoc Le, and Charles Sutton

Reference 2022

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:02.147711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 926bafb9-f89e-4097-9a96-5fc5069c22f4 · outbound

This paper cites Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmax.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmax

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.048635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a25f593-e9d7-4852-aad6-9ebd15c8a398 · outbound

This paper cites Language Contamination Helps Explain the Cross-lingual Capabilities of English Pretrained Models.

BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM Language Contamination Helps Explain the Cross-lingual Capabilities of English Pretrained Models

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T21:59:01.000294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 44264d05-83d7-41fc-a250-54f05126a1ae · inbound

Local Mixtures of Experts: Essentially Free Test-Time Training via Model Merging cites this paper.

Local Mixtures of Experts: Essentially Free Test-Time Training via Model Merging BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM

Reference 77

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:25.004379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5dab02fd-d9b4-4086-bc34-cd3ea123042b · inbound

FlexOlmo: Open Language Models for Flexible Data Use cites this paper.

FlexOlmo: Open Language Models for Flexible Data Use BTS: Harmonizing Specialized Experts into a Generalist LLM

Reference 57

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T18:57:16.664191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.