Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It?

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.01540.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.01540 v1

Coverage vector

measured 25 of 25 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.770843Z

measured 30 of 30 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T15:30:36.035375Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-18T10:41:16.008040Z

Reference resolution

25 of 25 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy2
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 51c6b92a-6ab4-4032-8403-6c9550900f88 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling and evaluating sparse autoencoders.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Scaling and evaluating sparse autoencoders

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.724320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 401c55ea-6fe8-4735-bc5c-fac8ed930e13 · outbound

This paper cites Finding Alignments Between Interpretable Causal Variables and Distributed Neural Representations.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Finding Alignments Between Interpretable Causal Variables and Distributed Neural Representations

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.727012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a728757-69e6-4107-8dfc-7b9658786ebd · outbound

This paper cites Language Models Represent Space and Time.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Language Models Represent Space and Time

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.729593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 103cac41-3917-4ee7-a161-33950e5bb43e · outbound

This paper cites Finding Neurons in a Haystack: Case Studies with Sparse Probing.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Finding Neurons in a Haystack: Case Studies with Sparse Probing

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.732462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70509316-394e-421d-ab96-9558ba88831d · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? GPT-4o System Card

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.735295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a53c152-0967-4088-a1e5-a1044c177588 · outbound

This paper cites OpenAI o1 System Card.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? OpenAI o1 System Card

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.737871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0abd83d1-3ab2-4e6a-9d5f-02c81355551d · outbound

This paper cites Mixtral of Experts.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Mixtral of Experts

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.740985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70f163eb-d925-4f97-a422-5621ae9b9db5 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.743658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7705db8b-ab67-4e68-ac7d-5a08e843073e · outbound

This paper cites When a language model is optimized for reasoning, does it still show embers of autoregression? An analysis of OpenAI o1.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? When a language model is optimized for reasoning, does it still show embers of autoregression? An analysis of OpenAI o1

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.748959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bdee8e7b-d2f3-492e-83e9-f59b50f90375 · outbound

This paper cites Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Language Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedback.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Language Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedback

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.762908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d7e89f62-c160-4d4e-afeb-33e9cf0b0865 · outbound

This paper cites an and b = b0.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? an and b = b0

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.943530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d1eba491-0251-492a-a5b7-856fb8f4a157 · outbound

This paper cites similar” is replaced with “closer.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? similar” is replaced with “closer

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.928326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d01bd5e1-87a3-4379-ba09-61b12cee746f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Unresolved cited work

Reference 1000

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.936137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7a6945d2-7741-406e-9ba6-183fb5576d04 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 1966

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.746335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb79d603-cbb9-4dc6-b14f-15a515d24bd5 · outbound

This paper cites Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability

Reference 1983

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.751714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab2329f8-75d5-4b6c-be6e-1df319ef5d56 · outbound

This paper cites A Mechanistic Interpretation of Arithmetic Reasoning in Language Models using Causal Mediation Analysis.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? A Mechanistic Interpretation of Arithmetic Reasoning in Language Models using Causal Mediation Analysis

Reference 1987

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.757300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2d712037-7380-4801-a27b-44855cd2c7e4 · outbound

This paper cites What do you learn from context? Probing for sentence structure in contextualized word representations.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? What do you learn from context? Probing for sentence structure in contextualized word representations

Reference 2001

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.759944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cbf47824-0e66-42a7-97a6-d4bc582f93ae · outbound

This paper cites Time is Encoded in the Weights of Finetuned Language Models.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Time is Encoded in the Weights of Finetuned Language Models

Reference 2009

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.754595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 939a2cdd-f98e-4fef-8772-8f34585cef01 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 2011

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.718719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d433ce8b-345f-4cb2-bfd5-82621f8d205e · outbound

This paper cites Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.703196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b979bd5-72c0-4bae-9b4c-27b2ce5510a7 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.721760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92629ae2-907d-43ca-b899-effdcd5d17b4 · outbound

This paper cites Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.712884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac304670-63cf-4b0b-9834-3fddd9434825 · outbound

This paper cites Probing Classifiers: Promises, Shortcomings, and Advances.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Probing Classifiers: Promises, Shortcomings, and Advances

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.709887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0b115098-7710-4f42-aab4-4afd439d347b · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.715809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b628d193-d84b-4b76-b054-f8e51536e0dc · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Implicit Bias in Explicitly Unbiased Large Language Models.

What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It? Measuring Implicit Bias in Explicitly Unbiased Large Language Models

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:05:03.706858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 43934399-abab-4d4e-b9b3-4d3368e5f78e · inbound

The Other Mind: How Language Models Exhibit Human Temporal Cognition cites this paper.

The Other Mind: How Language Models Exhibit Human Temporal Cognition What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It?

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:30:36.035375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a1156e6-09dc-400e-85b5-ea639e3e2111 · inbound

Modular Arithmetic: Language Models Solve Math Digit by Digit cites this paper.

Modular Arithmetic: Language Models Solve Math Digit by Digit What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It?

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T05:02:53.251521Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bfa72802-79cc-42f5-bd7d-2a09b172135e · inbound

Hypothesis-Driven Feature Manifold Analysis in LLMs via Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling cites this paper.

Hypothesis-Driven Feature Manifold Analysis in LLMs via Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It?

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T10:41:16.010331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2b483f70-a195-4319-b3d0-2788c350841d · inbound

Are Arithmetic Heuristic Neurons Form-Invariant? A Mechanistic Analysis of Symbols, Text, and Code in LLMs cites this paper.

Are Arithmetic Heuristic Neurons Form-Invariant? A Mechanistic Analysis of Symbols, Text, and Code in LLMs What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It?

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T20:19:22.232177Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 214cc8e6-0061-468e-a30b-83c39115d224 · inbound

Do Music Foundation Models Embed Pitch in Helical Structure? cites this paper.

Do Music Foundation Models Embed Pitch in Helical Structure? What is a Number, That a Large Language Model May Know It?

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T13:57:17.401460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.