Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings?

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.03552.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.03552 v1

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.700541Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:18:19.245538Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy3
unresolved28
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 27af1b20-3ed4-424e-a6fa-5ce04a073cfb · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.327657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1dfb8370-f5bc-48a9-84c8-eea956c86fc3 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.332118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb9084c9-3c8e-4472-9cc4-4902344a9764 · outbound

This paper cites Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.335860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1d37d0a-b385-4a76-83e0-02536c047773 · outbound

This paper cites What Does BERT Look At? An Analysis of BERT's Attention.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? What Does BERT Look At? An Analysis of BERT's Attention

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.339780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 809e180a-ee59-4bac-956c-057f062ea3f4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.343848Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 311093be-1169-452c-a3b5-3d3ece9ba39d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.347243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 172dec4a-23f2-4b6b-8f6f-4fb0fe9c9ec6 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.351076Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 320d6676-15ac-4443-ad38-5638780f15a2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.355449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b6eb7216-0757-4304-8f02-2494b4e8ee52 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.359228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8ac4fa62-09e5-4f7b-947d-1d3a31f0e61b · outbound

This paper cites Condenser: a Pre-training Architecture for Dense Retrieval.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Condenser: a Pre-training Architecture for Dense Retrieval

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.362327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d165885-a622-46d7-bc20-727449d46694 · outbound

This paper cites Rethink Training of BERT Rerankers in Multi-Stage Retrieval Pipeline.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Rethink Training of BERT Rerankers in Multi-Stage Retrieval Pipeline

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.365914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b6e9b85c-f4d8-4bb9-851c-12bb5e1b9dbf · outbound

This paper cites Improving Efficient Neural Ranking Models with Cross-Architecture Knowledge Distillation.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Improving Efficient Neural Ranking Models with Cross-Architecture Knowledge Distillation

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.369921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c88bd498-f9b0-458d-9f30-dd1d8b18a712 · outbound

This paper cites Poly-encoders: Transformer Architectures and Pre-training Strategies for Fast and Accurate Multi-sentence Scoring.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Poly-encoders: Transformer Architectures and Pre-training Strategies for Fast and Accurate Multi-sentence Scoring

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.373768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa2ff9e2-cca0-473b-9151-97b6d02705c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.960635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 08dfd72c-b7cb-4ffa-a9ab-d3cccefbd553 · outbound

This paper cites Toutanova, Llion Jones, Ming-Wei Chang, Andrew Dai, Jakob Uszkoreit, Quoc Le, and Slav Petrov.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Toutanova, Llion Jones, Ming-Wei Chang, Andrew Dai, Jakob Uszkoreit, Quoc Le, and Slav Petrov

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.381137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2240add-d310-41f8-9a78-57abd1ea45f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.944627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d7489946-9f4d-461f-8618-c91a47923913 · outbound

This paper cites TwinBERT: Distilling Knowledge to Twin-Structured BERT Models for Efficient Retrieval.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? TwinBERT: Distilling Knowledge to Twin-Structured BERT Models for Efficient Retrieval

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.387878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1cfbfb24-7a1d-4d0a-80e5-88e25a726bbd · outbound

This paper cites ERNIE-Search: Bridging Cross-Encoder with Dual-Encoder via Self On-the-fly Distillation for Dense Passage Retrieval.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? ERNIE-Search: Bridging Cross-Encoder with Dual-Encoder via Self On-the-fly Distillation for Dense Passage Retrieval

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.416048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42b4a61e-7fbe-45f3-b73e-8a4b547bc9a7 · outbound

This paper cites Handschuh, A.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Handschuh, A

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.933515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e98b68f8-63c5-44a1-b249-b5082e194cd0 · outbound

This paper cites MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.515823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 248b2e6d-b161-45cc-a600-b71657e74802 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.566360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef2f5020-bfae-4806-bba6-a7ab46268671 · outbound

This paper cites Passage Re-ranking with BERT.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Passage Re-ranking with BERT

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.629826Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ca44faa-a0c7-4d88-aef1-033f81a473c4 · outbound

This paper cites Petrov, Sean MacAvaney, and Craig Macdonald.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Petrov, Sean MacAvaney, and Craig Macdonald

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.916349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d1078158-082a-4b26-91e8-d60689754332 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.674870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aabe1b50-8a34-48c9-9ebf-1bfdb2e8e8d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.905247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 32f5729c-46cb-49d8-a9a0-a4220d361a1a · outbound

This paper cites Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.682495Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b14e5d4e-d6c4-4f6f-836d-7bbad849216b · outbound

This paper cites BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.686376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 80821801-deeb-4322-ab6a-17f27ede39a2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.690097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d722eb8f-2f8a-462d-97c0-8570cb58faf7 · outbound

This paper cites Bennett, Junaid Ahmed, and Arnold Overwijk.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Bennett, Junaid Ahmed, and Arnold Overwijk

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.895240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 72708b8e-cc10-4fe4-90db-610506cbb2d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.884600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation baa420d7-779a-4593-bbe3-9b58ccf6beda · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings? Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T04:34:47.872450Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation e349b11b-8676-4140-9ea8-b1eef1d81916 · inbound

Position: Text Embeddings Should Capture Implicit Semantics, Not Just Surface Meaning cites this paper.

Position: Text Embeddings Should Capture Implicit Semantics, Not Just Surface Meaning Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings?

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:18:19.245538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation be6970c6-cd8e-4632-9fe9-1d7fb79d7619 · inbound

Cross-Attention Calibrated Deduplication for Retrieval-Augmented Generation System cites this paper.

Cross-Attention Calibrated Deduplication for Retrieval-Augmented Generation System Can Cross Encoders Produce Useful Sentence Embeddings?

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T18:01:58.853441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.