Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD)

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 26 of 26 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.08073.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.08073 v1

Coverage vector

measured 26 of 26 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.149679Z

measured 26 of 26 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

26 of 26 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy17
unresolved8
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0268b2f3-927b-46aa-bdd7-7d3de27b73c5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.377817Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation aeadec47-ee02-44f3-b906-7005a942974b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.370397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6b4d31d1-f109-4c1d-943a-13e20198f474 · outbound

This paper cites Social Inequalities in Palliative Care for Cancer Patients in the United States: A Structured Review.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Social Inequalities in Palliative Care for Cancer Patients in the United States: A Structured Review

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.362157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b02b1d34-80f8-4501-a5d0-06b076e5aeba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.354104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e0a5fcb2-2ccd-434b-91d1-b3b71989d3c4 · outbound

This paper cites How does ethnicity affect presence of advance care planning in care records for individuals with advanced disease? A mixed-methods systematic review.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) How does ethnicity affect presence of advance care planning in care records for individuals with advanced disease? A mixed-methods systematic review

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.345924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b783e043-6fd6-4669-bb47-365f934328ad · outbound

This paper cites Association between Chinese or South Asian ethnicity and end-of-life care in Ontario, Canada.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Association between Chinese or South Asian ethnicity and end-of-life care in Ontario, Canada

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.338337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bedbe6f9-615d-4a24-9167-e7ef5b3ac939 · outbound

This paper cites Hospice care access inequalities: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Hospice care access inequalities: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.330317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 1758f33a-46f0-408d-af95-6f3555d57e6a · outbound

This paper cites Examining Age Inequalities in Operationalized Components of Advance Care Planning: Truncation of the ACP Process With Age.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Examining Age Inequalities in Operationalized Components of Advance Care Planning: Truncation of the ACP Process With Age

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.322243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e5d0899c-f436-4ce1-93c5-faded10dd4b5 · outbound

This paper cites Equity in the provision of palliative care in the UK: review of evidence, https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/61550/1/equity_in_the_provision_of_paliative_care.pdf (2015).

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Equity in the provision of palliative care in the UK: review of evidence, https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/61550/1/equity_in_the_provision_of_paliative_care.pdf (2015)

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.314325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation fb5ea118-73b2-4dc5-bc16-a1add95a61f0 · outbound

This paper cites Changing patterns in place of cancer death in England: a population-based study.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Changing patterns in place of cancer death in England: a population-based study

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.306753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 903f4b22-5a7e-4e6a-81a5-fa22e06ca160 · outbound

This paper cites Comparison of terminally ill cancer- vs.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Comparison of terminally ill cancer- vs

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.298433Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 14d66fee-8919-45bf-a6b2-19cea42d1f01 · outbound

This paper cites Incorporating artificial intelligence in palliative care: opportunities and challenges.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Incorporating artificial intelligence in palliative care: opportunities and challenges

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.290378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6bf4ba0c-1cd9-4da5-9658-b0f035606163 · outbound

This paper cites The future landscape of large language models in medicine.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) The future landscape of large language models in medicine

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.282302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7da0047a-46e2-491e-9d98-9eb41fb564f6 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models show human-like content biases in transmission chain experiments.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Large language models show human-like content biases in transmission chain experiments

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.274466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 0db81425-a560-478b-a5f1-d834507bbdf4 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models propagate race-based medicine.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Large language models propagate race-based medicine

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.266770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation aeec07b0-d1d4-4ee5-b19b-39608f4554db · outbound

This paper cites A toolbox for surfacing health equity harms and biases in large language models.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) A toolbox for surfacing health equity harms and biases in large language models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.258328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a4dab869-c4d1-4972-aa9f-7e95c46af59d · outbound

This paper cites Evaluation of Biases in Large Language Models in Palliative Care.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Evaluation of Biases in Large Language Models in Palliative Care

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.250292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 4b204c14-79aa-4f7e-a28d-3617de919a12 · outbound

This paper cites A Toolbox for Surfacing Health Equity Harms and Biases in Large Language Models.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) A Toolbox for Surfacing Health Equity Harms and Biases in Large Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.125201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 24ae2905-6f36-4d40-843c-f433eed14ed2 · outbound

This paper cites The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.242292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8301230d-ff1b-464a-93de-0cff9bd34c1a · outbound

This paper cites Counterfactual Fairness.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Counterfactual Fairness

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.130557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0085cad5-cd91-4ff4-99a8-4b960e100c35 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.133523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5762165-8a48-4314-a092-3256075aca60 · outbound

This paper cites K-Alpha Calculator–Krippendorff’s Alpha Calculator: A user-friendly tool for computing Krippendorff's Alpha inter-rater reliability coefficient.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) K-Alpha Calculator–Krippendorff’s Alpha Calculator: A user-friendly tool for computing Krippendorff's Alpha inter-rater reliability coefficient

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.233836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e2e352ee-40ff-47b8-91be-c25321ba0b53 · outbound

This paper cites The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.225306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 31cad494-b29c-4f24-9c9b-93a6eab0001c · outbound

This paper cites GPTBIAS: A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating Bias in Large Language Models.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) GPTBIAS: A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating Bias in Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.143116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1706ab68-c170-4a73-84d1-62f96ce29302 · outbound

This paper cites Should ChatGPT be Biased? Challenges and Risks of Bias in Large Language Models.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) Should ChatGPT be Biased? Challenges and Risks of Bias in Large Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.146298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12fc3a99-2302-4ec4-9a0a-301b65118770 · outbound

This paper cites The Equitable AI Research Roundtable (EARR): Towards Community-Based Decision Making in Responsible AI Development.

Large language models perpetuate bias in palliative care: development and analysis of the Palliative Care Adversarial Dataset (PCAD) The Equitable AI Research Roundtable (EARR): Towards Community-Based Decision Making in Responsible AI Development

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T10:59:29.179250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.