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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 105 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2503.04765.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2503.04765 v2

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 105 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.361828Z

measured 104 of 104 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:03:03.693545Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

100 of 105 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact36
  • verified fuzzy2
  • unresolved51
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier3
  • metadata mismatch8

External citation measurements

2
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation e07963e7-7b73-45bd-a62f-e68f4c91d7eb · outbound

This paper cites Hello GPT-4o.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Hello GPT-4o

Reference 1

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.870865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.870865Z digest=sha256:0146e9fd1fe924f407e9e0c9a6f7e2cdff940171204e88c4b42015d93ef4cd8a

Observation 30e26f49-53b1-48d2-9de4-bb7ac1eff943 · outbound

This paper cites GPT -4o mini: advancing cost -efficient intelligence.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma GPT -4o mini: advancing cost -efficient intelligence

Reference 2

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.876904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.876904Z digest=sha256:ae4d4a0322601942dd2efb33e1646972b3db338a557b86524fe40404c6f2750d

Observation a996650b-b881-49a2-aa48-2bd392ea63ef · outbound

This paper cites Introducing Gemini 1.5, Google's next -generation AI model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Introducing Gemini 1.5, Google's next -generation AI model

Reference 3

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.881783Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.881783Z digest=sha256:e5bcbb6246f2ad5c953e023e6fd54a1d0831d27fa2ee4028de55209d67c44a91

Observation 20e0e1cc-a878-4906-9f8d-eedded6c392b · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5-Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen2.5-Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model

Reference 4

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.886855Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.886855Z digest=sha256:6d7cc5c2c4c23509ce8979ef3a667b774b30767346c1ef57d9154d4bcd0252b3

Observation afe32d30-7a8e-4ca0-945d-58c20a398b58 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing DeepSeek -V3.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Introducing DeepSeek -V3

Reference 5

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.891905Z digest=sha256:7c720092468281a006461b22a361add4672e34355032200d0882a6766790a525

Observation 33a3878c-6e02-46c0-aabc-bfe2f4e727bb · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence

Reference 6

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.896849Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.896849Z digest=sha256:1b5a63ed5ffacb9fd9fd703f9db67086f5d2c967ae9b8a9d6b46b96c37a1552f

Observation 0e84f701-d103-497e-b147-ef7c15150399 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing Llama 3.1: Our most capable models to date.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Introducing Llama 3.1: Our most capable models to date

Reference 7

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.902763Z digest=sha256:7e98c7bf39a5f7d703b3da89fea5171f83b1a03600d9a98227cd178c211fb4c9

Observation c6651cb7-33a4-4230-868a-02ccc11b337f · outbound

This paper cites Llama-2-7b.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Llama-2-7b

Reference 8

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.907568Z digest=sha256:860659931f041553bf844b0e04c6527811c7680ef8971884f34a08b31c46bf86

Observation 7bd18e5d-4eb2-4d5e-b59d-b5422dfe754a · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2 27B.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Gemma 2 27B

Reference 9

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.912510Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.912510Z digest=sha256:b4ae83d25af463a39bd80326def5b4fc6e06c56406a6c34cabc2a19ce87a12d0

Observation c7dc92b5-1028-4912-b7a4-40aa4a5a1ce5 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B: The best model to date, Apache 2.0.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Mistral 7B: The best model to date, Apache 2.0

Reference 10

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.917710Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.917710Z digest=sha256:5bcfe5b14b2eadddd60fda6e7f5448b0801d8436a59fecf1b4c0042ee718710e

Observation 353421f1-e62f-4f0b-874c-7f41933a8283 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 11

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.923378Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.923378Z digest=sha256:0311fc6ba0288681d7bef32d2db5fe85a544c74b90082f702d20f954ef430d76

Observation 5dac2ba2-9a44-48a7-badb-0373f591d336 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 12

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.928821Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.928821Z digest=sha256:ad2c3ee86f47bdb859a0d403cfc8385430b2e9007dbeeffb7c6950dcd524ad68

Observation 1f9dd98d-fab7-4dcd-912d-59eb0c1e56dd · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 13

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.933819Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.933819Z digest=sha256:a9a9bbf1e5975bdeda109a98f7107cfb34ac225181ccc0bf7d55bfbd9c8884bd

Observation 53436305-6db2-4d64-82a7-31f3c1245019 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model

Reference 14

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.938805Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.938805Z digest=sha256:224b74e54ef5cbf1f6d09e064f7a14fc66adbf651c055b625d92efd5d5077dc4

Observation 631d468e-00b1-4933-8f3c-1d5bb2a3c0d7 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 15

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.943828Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.943828Z digest=sha256:ca9274607f47b1706617a26fa32cc2e3805d1cc165f3f461529c513eb5e1b9ed

Observation 0e3856c5-7df2-4b59-a216-afa2676ddfeb · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 16

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.949020Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.949020Z digest=sha256:10ea02f3ebd22db0719876207aed4a7228bd0a9f50ec85f72aebca36d9e05eb9

Observation 3e5b9266-8f28-4a26-9597-ca85cc7249c3 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen Technical Report

Reference 17

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.954519Z digest=sha256:d92fa822c6e51da6fbd5e1d6f628218491985219fddef44fff99b47971bf0f41

Observation 32ff102b-04f6-421b-b87d-dd3c87d8b51a · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 18

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.959776Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.959776Z digest=sha256:b6cc4f66f956d3548559d72a3661fcd8caa2e73c76102ca6e37f149c426e5e3c

Observation 059c7645-ca3c-45ce-93de-41528cca65c2 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek API Docs.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek API Docs

Reference 19

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.964858Z digest=sha256:beca87c790506b19e226c57237911c14506ae665ea92b945e99621fd71bf0e96

Observation ee5820cd-46e0-4d97-9f15-4634a749f624 · outbound

This paper cites Hugging Face Web Site.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Hugging Face Web Site

Reference 20

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.969329Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.969329Z digest=sha256:dc021f26e5bf9e793698614c6954556cd04cfc31954541ba78b041573d9e456f

Observation 22be43a8-063c-4745-bf82-05fc7a3ba5a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.973969Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.973969Z digest=sha256:2e2a501f0e481b14a49db3270f2ef3f6bb6fb8c065b1e3bcafa034213b9e2f03

Observation 40852497-934b-4abc-9a0d-51c2081f8075 · outbound

This paper cites Github.com OpenAI Simple -evals.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Github.com OpenAI Simple -evals

Reference 22

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.978608Z digest=sha256:234279f75a816dd36e03ba28a20dc3f98f7c35f3fb68f23c82fcf7b83b59ddb3

Observation ded2ea39-b32b-46a6-8127-79311a0ed43b · outbound

This paper cites LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark

Reference 23

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.983376Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.983376Z digest=sha256:070952487434b121a93313cc4a1afdcb8ccc194211bd2f5dc362ff9f425af7b0

Observation c0ecdbaf-6d62-43f3-ae0e-d6ab59880e06 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-V3

Reference 24

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.988591Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.988591Z digest=sha256:f5847ba22dd3999cd3d94b30285a1ee3233bff7a6617f628e896666cd5e2c482

Observation 7dba551f-f862-4a9f-a003-823f05e706db · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 -Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen2.5 -Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model

Reference 25

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.993287Z digest=sha256:1421173c2f320eef77fd5a5c447737c25fee4aa664e9e06d07ca086c2a02eb53

Observation 232963ab-5e04-4c6d-9524-31c2d0b31caf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:57.998354Z digest=sha256:9008b6c5a50f7c0cc9d5c4fe0102b109c3379cc86ad331e7486c14137564bb08

Observation d5b54184-7b62-4040-b08e-6e7c56f966e4 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 27

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.003107Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.003107Z digest=sha256:3bf53c68ea7aad906c5a1c43eba089302f48bd15efd56fe0dad6560f8205595c

Observation 447474e2-8550-462f-94a7-b096a7bfc59e · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: open source, free for research and commercial use.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Llama 2: open source, free for research and commercial use

Reference 28

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.008000Z digest=sha256:745fc0471831263546d6dd1674198ef86022fe8e4dee7df9ef6f3acdac6e1894

Observation 2a3acd78-1da2-4693-9335-48e785109d2f · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 29

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.012731Z digest=sha256:b31ea438571917650dd97b6c9bd6196ffba8e7db3177353a475ea3c50d5f0784

Observation 5c832bca-23fd-4d82-9c3b-74a09f12c7d3 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Mistral 7B

Reference 30

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.017535Z digest=sha256:d80f733fa7bb62dc8b4b62215e8cd1a04aa8cceeb698b7698d9b8e04e304bc60

Observation cbc14870-7602-45a4-a5b0-d2de44e647b4 · outbound

This paper cites (2020, June).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma (2020, June)

Reference 31

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.022609Z digest=sha256:eff44fd8b6224635b69c74cc5ef9c779bfd0ff77511591ab92cb4ff32205ab27

Observation b2ddbb9e-0a13-4ca1-bfc2-68bee3d112df · outbound

This paper cites A., Fletcher, D.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., Fletcher, D

Reference 32

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doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.073461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.027377Z digest=sha256:46bab3dfec65a3aa36c41d824fd9c5f94bf00633ac900afc3dc1be955dc13645

Observation 4e9302cc-f4ae-4ece-8cc1-6147a5f22a04 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

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doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.058243Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.032301Z digest=sha256:83913321f8f032801fa2ef1304595d5b8955208454f0abe79eb6fee38753765f

Observation a35b0017-e56a-4530-b8e6-1c5ee4717a4d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.037396Z digest=sha256:74538907216ac2961e09d4e640d1b5e6b2447a39cb4e43302705160db604dc65

Observation 52e40329-10ce-47f8-95af-dd30fa248708 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

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verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.043376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.042260Z digest=sha256:ebd01b4300f4b97e0ac89d21c8057077086dd99a5a37f1673ef9e0244b7bbc25

Observation dbb12703-e593-48f9-a253-250b483fbfa1 · outbound

This paper cites O., van Hilten, M., Oosterkamp, E., & Bogaardt, M.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma O., van Hilten, M., Oosterkamp, E., & Bogaardt, M

Reference 36

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.047237Z digest=sha256:754b6822a90e3a14b354fb9cdcc5f422d83564fa088c4c34bb64629094856fde

Observation 32f4fa48-8b7f-46e5-a5e7-fd93077625eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.853103Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.052573Z digest=sha256:8a8a62e5a9a9d39877cecf9a47ac2214788788c641150b8e28dd5651eefb9d2d

Observation 0fe978a4-2c3c-4e6d-9486-c4e17eb0c5fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.771971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.057088Z digest=sha256:df8ca011e3c4076634f76df010e0ca438485887056d05d866d36453734d994c4

Observation fd3b839a-807d-4748-b808-040d74766fd7 · outbound

This paper cites (2021, June).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma (2021, June)

Reference 39

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.061676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.061676Z digest=sha256:e9d64bf4b623c5f2d349545b162627bd854e67c16148b91d30b1d32ebcd6471a

Observation b9f5835f-c822-4b30-a61a-8ef6f02d2a06 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.631251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.066230Z digest=sha256:cca7b162be941934f9a5a33891f2dc54f99af088be79c2a4cf472ab527475707

Observation 56717239-78d0-44db-9221-ccc9aee4aae8 · outbound

This paper cites R., Kaynak, O., & Yin, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma R., Kaynak, O., & Yin, S

Reference 41

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.011694Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.070766Z digest=sha256:b42a527ddaf525abb59c7a67835312f57eb6045cd7b314a2561087cfce1c4870

Observation b8c6afee-00a1-4e8d-a9b8-031fcd977a94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.995893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.075566Z digest=sha256:93504d02a2c5ae7e127241c4e2dcc5f77771f02ccadf8b17a080629fd621a948

Observation 3d7c1600-ba19-46ca-af08-10f4bc219aa6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.979771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.080481Z digest=sha256:766e7f8ef36476bc1fa358e6b053cf9ce3a1433f7c1b23eee93e6cccebe21667

Observation aeb9acb7-0001-4871-ba81-64d87a8f10d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.963429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.085506Z digest=sha256:89028f61268e4abaec470045adf70c31d7abe2f13eef9d409883ad672a00ab9d

Observation 41266c0a-9856-4884-b89e-9c3852019b5b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.090430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.090430Z digest=sha256:8ae72ab00ac501be520a79903d14dc0f546ecb22184992abb540b15f7c524d65

Observation 55fa70ed-9214-4c9a-a797-4bb120cee257 · outbound

This paper cites C., & Anumba, C.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma C., & Anumba, C

Reference 46

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.945897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.095112Z digest=sha256:aa0ce94b833a9a4ef7fbd2cdf54f2987caf53d2a2931dd6728e0936b589622d8

Observation 7b66f637-9cee-4072-8c3a-df3f151cc572 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
metadata mismatch
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.535825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.099871Z digest=sha256:be9e6941745b139434831925c7751b4e0a7e894ea79566f7bac091ac85b051f1

Observation b7351d3c-a534-44d0-ad22-8059ac1b8118 · outbound

This paper cites N., & Zhang, P.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma N., & Zhang, P

Reference 48

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.926220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.104722Z digest=sha256:9dbd07ff2a79f650847cacd11df0ca85d18dba24a0d658fd7b839862a72c1e64

Observation 73258950-eb1e-48fc-8a20-da82b4831f49 · outbound

This paper cites A., & Park, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., & Park, S

Reference 49

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.445251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.109809Z digest=sha256:7647bcaf84fb95e93c73ae24802632b0548d782a4cc36f924e028c6efdb9ca50

Observation a31df056-7ca5-49a1-8a3a-a27a8b15c05e · outbound

This paper cites M., & Rutka, J.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma M., & Rutka, J

Reference 50

Resolution
metadata mismatch
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.344950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.114782Z digest=sha256:e86a0355168489ba4b3185993502ebb9c5af9df25b504e7a4e0eebcb3eb5a4cb

Observation efb91625-5fc5-454e-af7e-a7efb96e953a · outbound

This paper cites U., Koppu, S., Ramu, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma U., Koppu, S., Ramu, S

Reference 51

Resolution
metadata mismatch
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.270012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.119599Z digest=sha256:b3afdf833f3468f4fdbe1c4d5a8bc91a93ad1f8425ed51f29b7bd601aac15f32

Observation 1addf30a-71fb-4d25-9607-19b82d50ab77 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
metadata mismatch
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.196631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.124791Z digest=sha256:f91225ea2fd6f5f63f1d0f093b5d47ccb1247270aa74173dda9f02c410f32586

Observation 60bd8d23-e505-4dd3-9084-94a96485a67c · outbound

This paper cites D., Cai, J., Niyato, D., & Yi, C.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma D., Cai, J., Niyato, D., & Yi, C

Reference 53

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.910487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.129480Z digest=sha256:c68eb199d528b87870e661a9992628f597800f038af6e85a164b5d3f310c04c9

Observation eed6b745-efe2-4728-a8b2-a716757c4fa5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.134262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.134262Z digest=sha256:9c7cca28e59d3acd020623b562923dacaaa1ece8d4ca123623b5d1e2101b02aa

Observation 5aa6156f-9625-40bd-a9bf-514350eeb61f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.893638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.139028Z digest=sha256:63bb0489f0be89c932b2b35aceee2f878cda9af24c87d01c7180fce20144b921

Observation 502bcf8a-8bed-4b48-b52e-86ac7a2f5b3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.876614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.143800Z digest=sha256:53ef610feb60c58736c2bdb5e29caa5aaaa6f481e84148cdc2893c655cfc0b20

Observation 5b0447f5-7e12-45f1-a98c-54d91ebf0f70 · outbound

This paper cites H., & Brown, K.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma H., & Brown, K

Reference 57

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.148513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.148513Z digest=sha256:ea25c991faee0dbdba6e8b584df7ab1a28f7ec7378a4364f17aa0d1fccd62a43

Observation 9d1be183-fd39-430c-8cf2-8d26387fb245 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.158305Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.158305Z digest=sha256:9e9c8350e5d16154d3aa23dc4965131eed29cea292c6ee4d9ddd664413bb1eb7

Observation 870423ed-5267-407a-8643-3c101ca4a483 · outbound

This paper cites S., & Ferdous, M.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma S., & Ferdous, M

Reference 59

Resolution
metadata mismatch
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.036332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.163074Z digest=sha256:2ac1d6111557380d522ed6657e503444a026797eedf5fb516e03012339db5ee8

Observation fadbae50-7465-4352-a8af-c6d8b024703b · outbound

This paper cites A., Yang, C., & El Saddik, A.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., Yang, C., & El Saddik, A

Reference 60

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.831657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.167805Z digest=sha256:f9e8a8da84d384d58e205e9ddc0709bbbcf8f173b2a578c93c81afc57764f1bf

Observation f67239ca-bedf-443b-8510-b485e4fea1a5 · outbound

This paper cites E., Jones, R.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma E., Jones, R

Reference 61

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.815414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.172658Z digest=sha256:55ac9e759a843b179f9dc2e8f33a01c4480282e62bc908dcde67c9b33926d2b7

Observation db9ecc59-0624-43d7-b14f-0733c81edb24 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.799630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.177702Z digest=sha256:431f542342d15a70fcd4bac1cd5d4156b2509f1ad469026c013eca751ebba61f

Observation b41bf749-8ce5-42c9-8a8a-6c86c15c878e · outbound

This paper cites T., Omidvari, A.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma T., Omidvari, A

Reference 63

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.782085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.182486Z digest=sha256:09775cd99d61c37c2338d631bb2aba6d90b2da1be8b01ef2f1c2b3b0bbb7107b

Observation bf6f0183-1c56-49c8-9dc1-7aabeafe294b · outbound

This paper cites P., Boopalan, P., Pham, Q.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma P., Boopalan, P., Pham, Q

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.187164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.187164Z digest=sha256:a7dde43f8f729725855497134e8ab7e92c8d6ee8fe30b28fff5e790dd79fd610

Observation faf28481-6c7b-403f-bd78-448c33d805b8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 65

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.765577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.192197Z digest=sha256:95f4da35b587f5b1aea95ad99062e096efb9ee20bce34f9299eab955b8d89db2

Observation a17b8b90-dbbe-4567-94f8-b83a59547a9e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.196989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.196989Z digest=sha256:5929dac920805b28fc6654f861d89c5a68de766bafbf27daa208a88191d1a29e

Observation 6e1da1ef-36af-4052-b866-9247b3104f11 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 67

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.750379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.201522Z digest=sha256:2ac25e43e7fda4ee9aec8caedc56645f162a52bbecc8dac91a08dab85192c7da

Observation ffb3650b-c791-4115-aa55-2e3ad39bd9ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 68

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.206078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.206078Z digest=sha256:7a963e18fd7fe3b7fe0712854b2fda9ba6a270e2db85fc7702bc0b075a811aeb

Observation 5f0e8aa2-594e-4940-9d98-a695ae949db5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 69

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.210824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.210824Z digest=sha256:602eea510bfd212bb30a613303884702e8ac8fece07669e396524b3b6bdde867

Observation 9a5bf09f-ada0-4200-9e8d-3e07e42bb6bb · outbound

This paper cites M., & Berssaneti, F.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma M., & Berssaneti, F

Reference 70

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.725830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.215612Z digest=sha256:c4a8f873e1b739626b6d8fd4a2957a537c2cf7dd71efd1e0a1b9cb9bc0d35cf7

Observation 81e5370f-e8b1-4501-a22e-cf07cae97cfe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 71

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.710731Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.220563Z digest=sha256:52238077f714a62896d58991a07892bdf89cd4dc549665bd586a50909e99473d

Observation 1aebed83-434f-4b34-8389-a4a168c73e0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.225236Z digest=sha256:2b8d4ffc44444715465aced9d148f28cf99186edffd113aa396d19c4b7337b94

Observation ad2d8ab3-2b26-4db1-80bf-25821e6d8fad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.230207Z digest=sha256:f7a43bd03d98d75264cae2ae155625d603da02f1d7f984d4ee38d64b67fe2ba5

Observation d0790066-371f-4518-adc3-4c8cc051a5a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 74

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.234952Z digest=sha256:075a3aa3147b2b4d27582bb1020f65b12fecad13a410eef5093e0e3528509451

Observation 283d85a2-581f-46dc-bef5-475e68b6419c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 75

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.239898Z digest=sha256:199d7ee7415f54eb6acb1381a4ddda91a355cc84a4752926773db4f379fa3bbd

Observation b269640b-85f5-463f-8391-c4455f5d770c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 76

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.244409Z digest=sha256:9ba415bfb52196e38aeaadf3b6a23eb40fc276337b7d0ad71fea6f35b6421eac

Observation 4f8d452e-5321-41f6-82e3-96264ba412f8 · outbound

This paper cites M., Wardat, Y., & Fidalgo, P.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma M., Wardat, Y., & Fidalgo, P

Reference 77

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.249189Z digest=sha256:a76588e2ee322efe6b7fc24a579064e528eda45682b59a021c3b67ea9671a359

Observation 7b352d8c-a837-409f-8488-df20736ebc13 · outbound

This paper cites P., & Botchu, R.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma P., & Botchu, R

Reference 78

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.254048Z digest=sha256:7c9e19eded70a2bf8d2f3e58e9d9e2b2600d340c3610734c990806d20d5ecc22

Observation 9be2ad6d-f83a-4c59-85ee-84a23cb9afbe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 79

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.258874Z digest=sha256:bb42d8ae3075ef89fe74a78b875b749f735855734e649389ef4e97da2d2bf542

Observation 58179877-5ce5-4685-94cc-fe6826560c6a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 80

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doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.585158Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.263513Z digest=sha256:467d383100d31d83f96e56c571b660112945096aab062925dbc86ac9e6370316

Observation b2f583eb-320a-4309-a33a-248c39d52607 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 81

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.268544Z digest=sha256:b863165a1f2636b56e9c8488b131fe8d2965799237967fcc34ec58e07c7ab0ff

Observation 638dbd54-af58-46c9-878c-de6647b6502d · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models: A Survey.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 82

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.273982Z digest=sha256:6964c860ea4e10a20950c83d1e721c757038fe801d06fcdaccafe0b33d0b97c5

Observation 598440ea-8ed7-46c4-9a61-16de73d3484c · outbound

This paper cites Prompting Language Models for Linguistic Structure.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Prompting Language Models for Linguistic Structure

Reference 83

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.279344Z digest=sha256:97e9c70421028381293eb3e97051b236585b1e6a0fe136c3d3e46182c3c4765e

Observation 1ff1b1d8-db35-4bd6-88ee-924cc20873d2 · outbound

This paper cites An Overview on Language Models: Recent Developments and Outlook.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma An Overview on Language Models: Recent Developments and Outlook

Reference 84

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.284846Z digest=sha256:516057579e4d060869e386f9fcc51b06ab84bd562564f67f12ce0a05c3fd55a3

Observation 08f1c084-b20c-4b0a-b27e-14c41c77a9c2 · outbound

This paper cites A., Howard, F.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., Howard, F

Reference 85

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.289866Z digest=sha256:ff020776e01758764e7c911cae7efa463b02c2134deb08775839777d52c3f88f

Observation 5ebfd141-d3f4-445f-bc96-5093c78a5fa1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 86

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.294740Z digest=sha256:c71797279b777448c50f0d5c1d2b2e5c4a8fe1707feb7861e1b831ce06675ad7

Observation e349eaef-9502-4704-8447-ac8793b08725 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.299724Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.299724Z digest=sha256:23a58556574f38cf99c707a63d78e3385048c80283cd833bb243fed9b83efdd9

Observation 243adfe1-36b2-4c65-a110-e39e04200974 · outbound

This paper cites R., & Rachid, L.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma R., & Rachid, L

Reference 88

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.578599Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.304569Z digest=sha256:785688ae9692ffef638a8c87bc069bd9c909cdb00f32a865dcd79d76a1fd21cb

Observation 356977cb-e4ca-4f1f-b37b-23fdbf509b55 · outbound

This paper cites L., Perle, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma L., Perle, S

Reference 89

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.309593Z digest=sha256:d73bbddc5317d1f0bcf506a39cea4acde4ebfe0bd9258bf8153047b771476fd4

Observation 33f4f29b-c022-4acf-9dcc-eb1be87409ed · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Reference 90

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.493834Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.314362Z digest=sha256:472dd8bb6a75781f9efcc61dbf9c35ee70ce7dcc1f3453864298527a19a525fe

Observation b2cac05d-b903-42ea-9000-3a70751e5f5a · outbound

This paper cites E., Magnus, D.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma E., Magnus, D

Reference 91

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.318904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.318904Z digest=sha256:5c7bcae60390a1089f5680ce9f48533daa9d5b875921af626545dd07940fcf79

Observation 5e6e1866-d701-449b-9b68-1c999bb0edb6 · outbound

This paper cites AI Policy.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma AI Policy

Reference 92

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.323701Z digest=sha256:fa9a7a84626195876dc9b37254e3b44875700965d85df2b53540f4c9b1a9cd98

Observation ea882a5c-17a4-4ed2-b27e-5fa25016007e · outbound

This paper cites Generative AI policies for journals.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Generative AI policies for journals

Reference 93

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.328676Z digest=sha256:5ae0a0c20a7751fcb8ff5230eeb47d29c9d85b9f4049a13525b19b12d1345a73

Observation 918367bc-ee02-47a9-9d0a-dc35d326c2d1 · outbound

This paper cites APA Journals policy on generative AI: Additional guidance.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma APA Journals policy on generative AI: Additional guidance

Reference 94

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.333252Z digest=sha256:f1ea2cf546d930925f4a338b3779fbf35195c0b758a180d018c985a0659a6bdd

Observation 876a8d3a-c039-4e37-9928-cd556ca3c394 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Reference 95

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.337962Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.337962Z digest=sha256:b23faa162c462578a2431229990d30c5112ed1c9e8cb8555bf76cf6691c26d34

Observation a31bbe75-721a-47af-84d4-f08aaa5fd8f7 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence Policy.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Artificial Intelligence Policy

Reference 96

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:01.019993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.342701Z digest=sha256:730f14d0a52e09694dbf35d85338267a59c276722a2ae6bf2d9ee0fc239187e4

Observation 78fdfbea-4884-42c8-9e1d-9a6588df9df7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 97

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doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.453785Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.347446Z digest=sha256:2078707f46803423016e899606627a7343667567fe4a3da3098ea667d6bd3deb

Observation 1970f1ee-7ea1-4415-9ca4-bd5f8886fde9 · outbound

This paper cites P., & Ravindran, V.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma P., & Ravindran, V

Reference 98

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doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.437760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.352245Z digest=sha256:dd6c1b144f9a6877e3bd864e113b7d873f6a54e5965453226ec91eeb5d7addd3

Observation 54bad659-57d7-477f-a7e1-b621bcd1cb9f · outbound

This paper cites (2024) How Much Plagiarism Is Allowed? Originality.ai https://originality.ai/blog/how-much-plagiarism-is-allowed.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma (2024) How Much Plagiarism Is Allowed? Originality.ai https://originality.ai/blog/how-much-plagiarism-is-allowed

Reference 99

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:01.003995Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.357138Z digest=sha256:ffe170631183826f4659915cfe7d558e221e24bd7ed837ef664049932bf57207

Observation 08d54145-6bcf-4d64-b42e-18099fd62de7 · outbound

This paper cites N., Sarcinella, L., Gabriele, L., & Bonifazi, M.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma N., Sarcinella, L., Gabriele, L., & Bonifazi, M

Reference 100

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-08T11:43:58.361828Z digest=sha256:e654eb02c5be65d15631f0e7bb630c81a949452ab3828dc718c52d059e970946

Pith citing papers

Observation 02d77625-3a4b-4469-b4b4-7d044dbd7be4 · inbound

Let's Get You Hired: A Job Seeker's Perspective on Multi-Agent Recruitment Systems for Explaining Hiring Decisions cites this paper.

Let's Get You Hired: A Job Seeker's Perspective on Multi-Agent Recruitment Systems for Explaining Hiring Decisions Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 1

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:03:03.693545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:03:03.693545Z digest=sha256:6b2ac966e79080e324765b72b5f95b2d41af74008beb2c9412a4ed6d5a22cf8d

Observation f7810828-6d68-49ee-9ad0-f11f05ebab57 · inbound

DeepSeek in Healthcare: A Survey of Capabilities, Risks, and Clinical Applications of Open-Source Large Language Models cites this paper.

DeepSeek in Healthcare: A Survey of Capabilities, Risks, and Clinical Applications of Open-Source Large Language Models Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 50

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:50:14.661746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:50:14.661746Z digest=sha256:737a5f1811b4cec9c199703a34060db6952edd8e65db32de465c4689608f36af

Observation 511be4ea-38f4-4c6c-b3dd-17291ae42dd2 · inbound

Beyond Traditional Algorithms: Leveraging LLMs for Accurate Cross-Border Entity Identification cites this paper.

Beyond Traditional Algorithms: Leveraging LLMs for Accurate Cross-Border Entity Identification Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 5

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:21:32.692582Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T17:21:32.692582Z digest=sha256:e7c2995e768fe5cffd2905f5fffb766b799a633c35fcdbbeaf52156417769dfc

Observation 227a07d0-5bbb-4aab-8a2e-af4309b75550 · inbound

Analysis of Blood Report Images Using General Purpose Vision-Language Models cites this paper.

Analysis of Blood Report Images Using General Purpose Vision-Language Models Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 11

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T18:22:46.824241Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T18:22:10.226073Z digest=sha256:f36c1afa02b6360bbd89aca2a8afcbe950e0ce2f4ec439842379050833ac317f