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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2503.07878.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2503.07878 v5

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T11:52:45.835048Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact8
  • verified fuzzy31
  • unresolved3
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8b10b9c8-1a33-4c2a-ad5a-56465dcf4cce · outbound

This paper cites Imagecaptioner2: Image captioner for im- age captioning bias amplification assessment.Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 38(19): 20902–20911.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Imagecaptioner2: Image captioner for im- age captioning bias amplification assessment.Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 38(19): 20902–20911

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.045154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:dd9f48ed152e0dbf6f60984fa79d751b8ef49dd31f2bd8e365168eba902a62e1

Observation 5343d59f-0440-4b21-a52d-d56343072e5f · outbound

This paper cites Artemis: Affective language for visual art.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Artemis: Affective language for visual art

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.036090Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:f92253b365214cc9a9e50c1f4f3ee50dda6586c3a97d6e2eca1821d5d0b8f04a

Observation 866e6986-0fe6-459c-80da-98bab8948317 · outbound

This paper cites Anderson, X.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Anderson, X

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.038833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:95384f1accd61100f9195410aefaef7ec1b823cf60726f02e697b81d493af382

Observation c7f9a6c2-1ca8-4c61-9b49-c7f8bb77540a · outbound

This paper cites Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.079641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:256481bff1c89ffc1cbbbf8adb7051446af965d1445ea29227549846861e3ba0

Observation b0f73720-68a1-483f-8163-8228d193dff5 · outbound

This paper cites Man is to computer program- mer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embed- dings.Advances in neural information processing systems, 29.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Man is to computer program- mer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embed- dings.Advances in neural information processing systems, 29

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.029678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:a435d4f3bd6f99df5c4b0bc1fe6f6b03f6f459b86dc0b1536940f5ab64e4706a

Observation 056870e0-0de0-41d7-ba02-e8b606b04876 · outbound

This paper cites Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server

Reference 6

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.074377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:f1b9c8b92a6a5754bd52e742aedaf35062d7fb55cba41345e1b37efcc5a10355

Observation 4639a58b-eb0c-437f-90dc-b2f2191cf9b4 · outbound

This paper cites Meteor universal: Lan- guage specific translation evaluation for any target language.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Meteor universal: Lan- guage specific translation evaluation for any target language

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.032780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:4d31085b811b7f246d1d32c6ca852d5d8f9823483085ff11e337616e39cecf1d

Observation 6dd59ed1-d5e8-45ef-a4fa-b82402c6fd2b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.041807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:1f20658e653c8966c218ca511b88e440eee6cf194ad9618b54445143b5f02dcb

Observation ec321d3b-d814-4d1f-ab70-8b27afd95201 · outbound

This paper cites Foulds, Rashidul Islam, Kamrun Naher Keya, and Shimei Pan.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Foulds, Rashidul Islam, Kamrun Naher Keya, and Shimei Pan

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.048476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:da5fda6cd04b6f74c2fdaaf96cafb0042219463c5570f5d350a7a783cef34ad5

Observation f403d618-c8b9-4de5-901d-d6c69984c37d · outbound

This paper cites Women also snowboard: Over- coming bias in captioning models.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Women also snowboard: Over- coming bias in captioning models

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.016837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:a72ec859160eacaa5911f2e716113b021e155996ebffb9764c72bb994bf8bb3c

Observation 0c47a484-bb71-4c17-886e-222c984b4338 · outbound

This paper cites Hirota, Y.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Hirota, Y

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.026709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:f8e3520b8ac59f6409ff1c7c2121a7fc18aa22fe1fc1468dbaa6951534dd44bc

Observation 2248313e-e62b-412e-b945-337ef0566ac8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.010250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:7b552fcb0d312ef53eb2f98d0fbab1b9329353c0429a579aedfdb6707587f5c8

Observation c0ac520b-360d-40f0-a31c-cbfee758feb6 · outbound

This paper cites Long short-term memory.Neural computation, 9(8):1735–1780.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Long short-term memory.Neural computation, 9(8):1735–1780

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.003629Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:05cae3f61c3631e0dd0e8836645f2e222ee2887a0fd2fd6b30b4af0df3c8ccee

Observation fb870dba-c88f-4e32-a336-a97ae37c975c · outbound

This paper cites Blip: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training for unified vision-language understanding and generation.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Blip: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training for unified vision-language understanding and generation

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.006900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:1c90f168a9e5c529305e6cefa7c410d94cbc56681a6394bde3952e663bf50f5c

Observation a9767724-31ad-4b73-8d51-902380243870 · outbound

This paper cites Oscar: Object-semantics aligned pre-training for vision-language tasks.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Oscar: Object-semantics aligned pre-training for vision-language tasks

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.013642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:b540f89d5e335490e6127b89485d44b0d4bf4d20d4d68d0671b0c6727d8f1e61

Observation 8bc2d4d3-dbef-4318-956d-c4ada914c02c · outbound

This paper cites Crank up the volume: preference bias amplification in collaborative recommendation.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Crank up the volume: preference bias amplification in collaborative recommendation

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.020031Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:8bb1be86e97fbf517cf38d87632b8464a6d72b6efc4179ee9a052f2d729a8100

Observation 8fa041e6-5d7c-4e9d-a697-de9c1c85273d · outbound

This paper cites Improved baselines with visual instruction tuning.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Improved baselines with visual instruction tuning

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.997547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:48c026fbfe59e9aaffbb1f798d68ff1be2923e8a3f84c0177b19233b416608fb

Observation 491dc5a9-b587-44e8-94da-f555c5cddb3b · outbound

This paper cites Visual instruction tuning.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Visual instruction tuning

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.991994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:943c1830849dfcd5edbd35c138e55822b5d82051f598ba60991ab1a5b913dcbb

Observation cb1ea6cd-d7d3-488b-96fe-f2a84143da35 · outbound

This paper cites Bow- man, and Rachel Rudinger.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Bow- man, and Rachel Rudinger

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.994617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:c454e76f11a6c73a6dbe6d169b9403535ebc10a1df9729290ef8160edde8392c

Observation 2d1ceb4c-4edb-4f02-b855-12fd3bedb216 · outbound

This paper cites Gender ar- tifacts in visual datasets.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Gender ar- tifacts in visual datasets

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.000538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:9a8c2d7ce2353938e41927c8a949c55d75f73781c8cb50a0ead53bfb6e14c3b9

Observation de5116c3-93f2-45af-9b55-56b3640decf1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.983517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:0ebc1b053eec06367061374e5cf168c436bc77085720c6330df24a63032366f4

Observation efa0fdc2-60cc-4ef5-8fae-a1c53b18ecce · outbound

This paper cites It is okay to not be okay: Overcoming emotional bias in affective image cap- tioning by contrastive data collection.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions It is okay to not be okay: Overcoming emotional bias in affective image cap- tioning by contrastive data collection

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.986511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:2d3544c47ae83d2c6d3cccb546ce722eba2fc85aa42cca91cb1a43ea4dc0d697

Observation 3d3ea723-1124-4cb2-b575-868f061ed143 · outbound

This paper cites GloVe: Global vectors for word representation.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions GloVe: Global vectors for word representation

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.989265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:81a52641fa666ba1682ac470d1c9498876a923d2f879969f507f57c1c3f92b24

Observation 8cffc9e7-91d8-4d78-a6a2-624129c77115 · outbound

This paper cites Gender Biases in Automatic Evaluation Metrics for Image Captioning.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Gender Biases in Automatic Evaluation Metrics for Image Captioning

Reference 24

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.064702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:31f6570470297abddb67a81919e2de84a88b54d0d1abdb28d59deca014b2c457

Observation e933971f-772b-4a95-9a54-83747ec2b146 · outbound

This paper cites Self-critical sequence training for image captioning.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Self-critical sequence training for image captioning

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:16.024030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:a84941994c82793595eb9324df266ca1a3ab95269b09d3301f7d59b01c30e460

Observation 188f1d79-ab1e-440f-9a2f-784daaa710cd · outbound

This paper cites DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter

Reference 26

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.085328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:708229c2b2d047eeb64644f53d2273d6bd75247f7e51be2a94845c58d05c444f

Observation afe47c4f-ccb2-47e1-9e0a-aa53f7ef9182 · outbound

This paper cites Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): A gentle Introduction and Overview.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): A gentle Introduction and Overview

Reference 27

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.091119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:c0db01334427daefba9f3509d521c7a873c34dbcc76365425777448d0c00e33d

Observation 7557c218-865e-4965-ad3b-d3d2b7ea11fe · outbound

This paper cites Selvaraju, Michael Cogswell, Abhishek Das, Ramakrishna Vedantam, Devi Parikh, and Dhruv Ba- tra.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Selvaraju, Michael Cogswell, Abhishek Das, Ramakrishna Vedantam, Devi Parikh, and Dhruv Ba- tra

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.974990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:d8e168fcc1dbda84297d8e5142becbcd3ec481d0ad09060e43bd6b6475410b91

Observation 3f39600f-b39c-431e-b5b3-199a253aa8fb · outbound

This paper cites The bias amplification paradox in text-to-image generation.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions The bias amplification paradox in text-to-image generation

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.969108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:8d61f771b5be8bf12795aa45f080b0d1ade1af5431223a93804da007ed127af8

Observation c5ce4a43-4422-4ca0-8ad0-98c8020307b6 · outbound

This paper cites MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding

Reference 30

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.102756Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:a82d0946fa0f0bfbdc3eeb256fbfcd9209e20cd4829ed358362a12aaeaf2559c

Observation dea2da46-c797-4d98-a08d-a1d842b8466b · outbound

This paper cites An accurate generation of image captions for blind people using extended convolutional atom neural network.Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82(3):3801–3830.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions An accurate generation of image captions for blind people using extended convolutional atom neural network.Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82(3):3801–3830

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.972105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:302ed9721ab133b4d2c83ef6c8f0d968c4a2d4993d7d79ba8ef4d3079426a5ab

Observation 87a7561d-8e74-4c85-ad44-267226618472 · outbound

This paper cites Making bias amplification in balanced datasets directional and inter- pretable.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Making bias amplification in balanced datasets directional and inter- pretable

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.977976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:b2a576fe3a9387d986a2c2df4ae536334dc446c3d6d6059e0eb5e08f2bf6d4b7

Observation 49a3fb42-d1a9-4c8d-91ac-2edb57bfdfe7 · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Attention is all you need

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.960337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:e05c362c9edd46839d7ee5a4004c48e29c421ab05b392c947d1975b2ec0cf364

Observation af0b3071-8452-488c-9298-d66d95fdb247 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring and mitigating gender bias in glove word embeddings.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Exploring and mitigating gender bias in glove word embeddings

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.963517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:232b45b249242e4206d87d6d7691e144e0f778982d66e4ad212f9dd5a7294221

Observation bfe5237d-493f-46a1-9a87-0ce50da39689 · outbound

This paper cites Show and tell: A neural image caption gen- erator.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Show and tell: A neural image caption gen- erator

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.966413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:1caf0cc4d2f7c3886f7d227970f49ccb14391f24837ea99978b3811cf49408a4

Observation 6cfe5c35-3e6f-4c3b-9f8e-14716d15712c · outbound

This paper cites Directional bias am- plification.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Directional bias am- plification

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.954496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:317972820f67761c6bf75493345effc17696c539915fe22e7a18eae991c0b53d

Observation 382bb990-2fc8-44fa-9175-497a1beae030 · outbound

This paper cites Minilm: deep self-attention distillation for task-agnostic compression of pre-trained transformers.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Minilm: deep self-attention distillation for task-agnostic compression of pre-trained transformers

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.951663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:936acbd3965417975e650f7be4356b53ed141132182d77bc79162934f5d1cc53

Observation 857a17ac-1610-41df-9fc3-4c74e25f8e68 · outbound

This paper cites Florence-2: Advancing a Unified Representation for a Variety of Vision Tasks.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Florence-2: Advancing a Unified Representation for a Variety of Vision Tasks

Reference 38

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.070581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:b185414b05905b94389ce8fe17bee013ca3af2d96d7a5578078fc775b474b0cf

Observation b347f6a3-8b4d-4664-9a66-31da0fc52b90 · outbound

This paper cites Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption gen- eration with visual attention.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption gen- eration with visual attention

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.957216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:b3b69fbd35d74712e6c743d8a74a4c88c6f1c83655756863d5bef4b0cda5e0c3

Observation db08e31d-29fd-4975-a579-a9bb6949759d · outbound

This paper cites Recognize Anything: A Strong Image Tagging Model.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Recognize Anything: A Strong Image Tagging Model

Reference 40

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.097067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:cf07d087ae394b175f304b39cc4a2909440f4a0b68e98123488d4613f02946c9

Observation 61772c9c-e674-4452-8e64-a8af1627e7a6 · outbound

This paper cites Men also do laundry: Multi-attribute bias amplification.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Men also do laundry: Multi-attribute bias amplification

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.980951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:ebe7ada3a1bd4fe40b1c77b82681c1ba6fbb43e0ba042be40e341ff5dc1698ea

Observation 970ea916-5e47-4bee-9792-de846a9ddea2 · outbound

This paper cites a<gender>is sleeping.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions a<gender>is sleeping

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.945526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:ec925d7ff70b46ec0f424817afece326c68e0ebcda0d2f50686c45c4e7d6df62

Observation 3bc60436-1350-4d1b-bbc6-b6a9d1ecccf1 · outbound

This paper cites We reported DBACA→T scores on the four pre-trained en- coders in Table 12a.

A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions We reported DBACA→T scores on the four pre-trained en- coders in Table 12a

Reference 43

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-22T23:55:15.948707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z digest=sha256:d0d422e6154c77fe9e51b302f3e721260d38601af9a29e04fed4983a6882d01a

Pith citing papers

Observation 228185fa-544b-4192-a9f8-5d079bf7848b · inbound

Prototypicality Bias Reveals Blindspots in Multimodal Evaluation Metrics cites this paper.

Prototypicality Bias Reveals Blindspots in Multimodal Evaluation Metrics A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T11:52:45.835048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-03T11:52:45.835048Z digest=sha256:c2e22cfc808469d60a68a6b25d6749e7357ef36f99cb8a974a418dc71ed4114d