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Pre-thermalized Gravitational Waves

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arxiv 2503.10756 v2 pith:PMVTR4DO submitted 2025-03-13 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords inflatonreheatonschannelcosmicdecayduringgravitationalgraviton
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We investigate a novel gravitational wave (GW) production mechanism from gravitons generated during the pre-thermal phase of cosmic reheating, where the energy density is dominated by non-thermalized inflaton decay products, dubbed reheatons. We consider multiple production channels, including: $i)$ pure inflaton-inflaton annihilation, $ii)$ graviton Bremsstrahlung from inflaton decay, $iii)$ scatterings between an inflaton and a reheaton, and $iv)$ scatterings among reheatons. To determine the resulting GW spectrum, we solve the Boltzmann equation to obtain the graviton phase-space distribution for each channel. We find that the third channel, $iii)$, dominates due to the large occupation number of reheatons at highly-energetic states during the pre-thermalization phase. Notably, in scenarios with a low inflaton mass, the GW spectrum could fall within the sensitivity range of future experiments such as the Einstein Telescope, the Cosmic Explorer, the Big Bang Observer, and ultimate DECIGO.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Inflation and Reheating by Dynamical Torsion

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The dynamical-torsion inflaton decays via chiral anomalies and Yukawa-assisted three-body channels, yielding a reheating temperature of 10^5–10^7 GeV and testable CMB/GW predictions.

  2. Seesaw Cosmology

    hep-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    In seesaw reheating, the post-inflation universe can pass through four alternating matter/radiation eras, with the Standard Model temperature falling as a^{-1/4} and then a^{-3/8}, which changes dark-matter production.

  3. High-frequency gravitational waves from axion inflation in the weak-backreaction regime

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Even in the weak-backreaction regime, axion inflation produces high-frequency primordial gravitational waves many orders of magnitude above the vacuum spectrum, peaking around MHz–GHz.

  4. Graviton Production from Inflaton Condensate: Boltzmann vs Bogoliubov

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    For quadratic inflaton potentials Boltzmann and Bogoliubov spectra agree at short wavelengths, but for steeper potentials non-adiabatic transition effects captured only by Bogoliubov are sizable across a broad momentum range.

  5. Primordial Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions during Reheating

    astro-ph.CO 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Phase transitions happening during reheating can produce gravitational-wave signals that are delayed, prolonged, and shifted in amplitude and frequency by orders of magnitude compared with standard cosmology.

  6. Gravitational Wave Spectrum from the Production of Dark Matter via the freeze-in Mechanism

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Graviton bremsstrahlung during freeze-in dark matter production yields a high-frequency gravitational wave background peaking near 5.35 x 10^10 Hz, with UV freeze-in amplitudes up to Omega_GW h^2 ~ 1e-17.

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