Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2504.12681.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.12681 v1

Coverage vector

measured 33 of 33 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.757305Z

measured 34 of 34 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:58:48.617618Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T04:59:04.047606Z

Reference resolution

33 of 33 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy24
unresolved9
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation eda1376e-8f15-4128-978c-e5865ad67780 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.651962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cf5bf2c4-ddaa-44ec-8ea5-057838779bdc · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models: A Survey.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.655921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3ac57010-8698-4768-b77c-f628ebf5d9d2 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models: A comprehensive survey on architectures, applications, and challenges,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Large language models: A comprehensive survey on architectures, applications, and challenges,

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.067058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation cfbd2349-1307-41b3-81aa-85e44821477e · outbound

This paper cites Right to be forgotten in the age of machine learning,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Right to be forgotten in the age of machine learning,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.058565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6968543e-f425-4e81-b8e5-395dba967acf · outbound

This paper cites To forget or not? towards practical knowledge unlearning for large language models,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs To forget or not? towards practical knowledge unlearning for large language models,

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.049638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 64339bba-c147-4139-8932-ba93389c9bb7 · outbound

This paper cites A Closer Look at Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs A Closer Look at Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.669353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7d6b65a1-edc6-4a2b-8430-741c9f3ab512 · outbound

This paper cites On Large Language Model Continual Unlearning.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs On Large Language Model Continual Unlearning

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.673627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ede333ff-ee1c-4866-8c67-784918d77e01 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge unlearning for mitigating privacy risks in language models,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Knowledge unlearning for mitigating privacy risks in language models,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.041186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 9df92bdd-ab84-4daf-85d8-2d6d8bed8a86 · outbound

This paper cites Large language model unlearning,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Large language model unlearning,

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.032566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2417455c-fdf7-4a93-bac4-91d038d89ccb · outbound

This paper cites Unlearn what you want to forget: Efficient unlearning for LLMs,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Unlearn what you want to forget: Efficient unlearning for LLMs,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.023936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3e1f70d3-f20d-4ec2-a634-9adc0b5b33ad · outbound

This paper cites Towards safer large language models through machine unlearning,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Towards safer large language models through machine unlearning,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.015603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 058f2690-64e9-4d98-b34d-1d465a638020 · outbound

This paper cites Avoiding Copyright Infringement via Large Language Model Unlearning.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Avoiding Copyright Infringement via Large Language Model Unlearning

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.689632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3a16514f-4c0b-4e7c-8996-385f6ec6a0f0 · outbound

This paper cites United states code (usc),.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs United states code (usc),

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:12.006858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d04e4554-9ef0-47ca-a350-c2f9433e548c · outbound

This paper cites California consumer privacy act (ccpa),.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs California consumer privacy act (ccpa),

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.998114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 66434ec0-0ace-4278-8c1d-1733bd70f546 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.989455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b4aa5997-6c7c-4b54-8b4e-b97083dc4d82 · outbound

This paper cites Abstract representations of associated emotions in the human brain,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Abstract representations of associated emotions in the human brain,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.979821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 02313584-ebc1-4bf0-815b-e69bae0031f8 · outbound

This paper cites Transformer feed-forward layers are key-value memories,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Transformer feed-forward layers are key-value memories,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.971657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8db0cc97-ee25-409d-a57e-3f7dbea78868 · outbound

This paper cites Locating and editing factual associations in gpt,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Locating and editing factual associations in gpt,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.962790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 55e6082a-88b9-48f7-aae4-938e38d607c3 · outbound

This paper cites Mass-editing memory in a transformer,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Mass-editing memory in a transformer,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.953959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation fab14644-9306-45d5-8c4b-94f666327616 · outbound

This paper cites Ma- chine unlearning of pre-trained large language models,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Ma- chine unlearning of pre-trained large language models,

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.945415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 04d3a176-353e-42bd-8eeb-81df3194624e · outbound

This paper cites Negative preference optimization: From catastrophic collapse to effective unlearning,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Negative preference optimization: From catastrophic collapse to effective unlearning,

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.936873Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation bd0cea6f-11af-4d5b-a389-56dd5ba59a6e · outbound

This paper cites Eternal sunshine of the spotless net: Selective forgetting in deep networks,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Eternal sunshine of the spotless net: Selective forgetting in deep networks,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.928240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f4431aee-d7cd-4e98-8ad8-8e337bf43f88 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge unlearning for mitigating privacy risks in language models,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Knowledge unlearning for mitigating privacy risks in language models,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.919280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 64a3762c-4df2-41e9-9cd6-80585732ae5f · outbound

This paper cites TOFU: A task of fictitious unlearning for LLMs,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs TOFU: A task of fictitious unlearning for LLMs,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.910202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0be2b311-3b05-4de0-a547-a1d6a8ea10bc · outbound

This paper cites Unlearning bias in language models by partitioning gradients,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Unlearning bias in language models by partitioning gradients,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.901192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2bc80d0d-6d21-4334-b60a-749744f3f715 · outbound

This paper cites Machine Unlearning in Large Language Models.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Machine Unlearning in Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.735012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe3ae82f-d614-4aaa-bd57-55ef170ad36a · outbound

This paper cites Motion influence map for unusual human activity detection and localization in crowded scenes,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Motion influence map for unusual human activity detection and localization in crowded scenes,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.891159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c5cc9756-2fca-49da-88c2-6f101c0080e4 · outbound

This paper cites Deep reinforcement learning in continuous action spaces: a case study in the game of simulated curling,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Deep reinforcement learning in continuous action spaces: a case study in the game of simulated curling,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.881265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 957823fc-641c-40bb-99c1-1e2d1fa9ecce · outbound

This paper cites Continuous eeg decoding of pilots’ mental states using multiple feature block-based convolutional neural network,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Continuous eeg decoding of pilots’ mental states using multiple feature block-based convolutional neural network,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.871178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 820d5f31-ec3f-42aa-bfb7-b0e621b9e313 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.747570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89de9b06-e93b-437d-a1ab-922f95a539c0 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.750736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eff953e2-2897-4c18-89d6-086ca4c3f91f · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.861544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 14be5b13-bc26-410f-848d-648ee0001898 · outbound

This paper cites Fast model editing at scale,.

GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs Fast model editing at scale,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:31:11.851242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 6580580b-ca44-477e-a9d7-ac923c97bf54 · inbound

SoK: Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models cites this paper.

SoK: Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models GRAIL: Gradient-Based Adaptive Unlearning for Privacy and Copyright in LLMs

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:59:04.124403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.