Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.548943Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models
As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.12911.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T10:40:14.097900Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T17:38:20.339659Z
Reference resolution
48 of 48 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy4
- unresolved44
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 3a18dbe2-1b6b-459b-ab41-a8b04e9f53ff · outbound
This paper cites believe",.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models believe",
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.810621Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 7076b9c2-b698-46b5-92ba-17181beb253c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.790281Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 57df4465-270e-45e8-a65a-6a463d434734 · outbound
This paper cites Unknown.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unknown
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.771455Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation e866038f-6dd2-41b3-abc9-9d05fbd575d2 · outbound
This paper cites Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models' Alignment.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models' Alignment
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.431868Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c8855bce-4d3b-4fba-9922-3be22ce943bb · outbound
This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 41
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.283599Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3a9d5dda-01cc-489e-9d94-825361f1c1d4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.399031Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation dedf09fa-e696-4f85-b6d0-863d05053446 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 43
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.382129Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation d8e1fcd4-7b08-4d5c-91b9-da959f49c03a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.345994Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3f8a5961-83da-4c80-ab9a-2b1aeecaf7a2 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.329702Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 85ab2bae-7853-45c4-8c1a-224a9ef2313a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.313839Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 18a9044d-d592-42f2-9d3e-3a95662b5748 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.297553Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation cc282f6f-af3f-492a-9160-58fa2d15bec3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.263853Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1c3706cc-2421-456a-b5ff-3d2de3a72fce · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.247579Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation c58c5f80-7970-4452-a65f-b1b4f9111ff3 · outbound
This paper cites A Survey on In-context Learning.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models A Survey on In-context Learning
Reference 50
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.351598Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4d9e5564-9fab-4943-bc4a-0fcb30fa1be5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.229616Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3046a00b-996a-467d-abb1-04f7bfb7645c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 52
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.213502Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation f82ae7b9-dc7c-40ae-8bdb-1cdcb55aa6fa · outbound
This paper cites RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Models.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Models
Reference 53
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.368863Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation db74cae6-f698-4a32-82a6-37821cfb2fc9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 54
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.197959Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 624fe149-ce6a-4a6b-add5-85be1ba63f90 · outbound
This paper cites The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 55
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.381272Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2bc0fa08-80b8-4768-aadb-0952612dba7e · outbound
This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models
Reference 56
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.387055Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b8db4124-cc04-43c8-a0b5-e7a25493db85 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 57
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.182933Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 017fc1dc-036d-454d-8f31-56d06fff3509 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 58
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.167728Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1c9e5b32-787f-4220-b856-7b9ac7c5e580 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.135458Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 63337416-816f-4bf5-b2d0-335fc7f85eef · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 60
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.118919Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 528310c5-4c57-41d7-9243-57341c7d2430 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.102410Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation cb99aedf-cb59-4703-96f1-b2cf29abe6b9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.086058Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 0184d13b-01b9-41fb-8ebb-ed3a9eb2d794 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 63
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.070303Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1282aa53-a138-473c-9a91-322a047208ad · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 64
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.054889Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 53ac0272-0fee-4430-b9a6-6dcc712a49fe · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 65
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.038633Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 10e89fc5-2bb3-42f9-8baf-d67089ecb7b3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 66
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.005822Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation f81301ed-8ced-419d-856b-bcda778da134 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 67
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.989348Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation b69cd11c-a65b-4098-b17a-9017726bc7be · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 68
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.973815Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a6d9f2c7-e446-4050-9404-1137452f4226 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 69
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.958184Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 873a2f2a-39d5-4d6a-b962-bf6b126ca590 · outbound
This paper cites Hidden Persuaders: LLMs' Political Leaning and Their Influence on Voters.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Hidden Persuaders: LLMs' Political Leaning and Their Influence on Voters
Reference 70
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.483344Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5edd7484-78cc-4b04-81e2-e2c5d6b4b0c5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 71
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.940316Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation f4d6d5a5-18eb-4e77-bad6-debd0efcd65b · outbound
This paper cites Assessing Political Bias in Large Language Models.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Assessing Political Bias in Large Language Models
Reference 73
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.498536Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c041217f-560b-465c-ac1b-1d626fa7ce1c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 74
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.923429Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3eecb8f1-138a-4f9d-aede-c422bddd60dd · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 75
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.906252Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 857aa815-5bea-40f0-8c32-af96e14be60e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 76
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.889307Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation f589180a-ebc3-4b9c-bb6e-911a83749ed3 · outbound
This paper cites Systematic Evaluation of LLM-as-a-Judge in LLM Alignment Tasks: Explainable Metrics and Diverse Prompt Templates.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Systematic Evaluation of LLM-as-a-Judge in LLM Alignment Tasks: Explainable Metrics and Diverse Prompt Templates
Reference 77
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.518422Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 636a28dd-9270-449d-ac71-9a3a7816c939 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 78
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.872050Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation f15d3db4-bfbf-43f0-ab29-edd51101b27d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 79
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.853010Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation cf78cde9-3a2a-4fe7-845f-8656718c5048 · outbound
This paper cites tag": str,.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models tag": str,
Reference 80
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.830778Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation d6ef662d-4ca1-488d-8f1b-1c54a97ff8f9 · outbound
This paper cites Journal of machine Learning research, 3(Jan):993–1022.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Journal of machine Learning research, 3(Jan):993–1022
Reference 2003
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.364433Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 18eb6665-c3b0-4eae-b396-a78d4f4d5ad8 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 2017
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.021914Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3a0c3676-227c-43f8-8d18-c672cf8c78ba · outbound
This paper cites UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction
Reference 2018
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.463490Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 12cbcd7a-b194-4d88-9329-e6d3abbafc68 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 2023
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.280441Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation acde0a2e-7127-41fa-b06c-b87107b2fbc3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 2024
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:55.151566Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation 026bdd06-ff39-456e-a758-4902ea2e3af8 · inbound
Fine-Grained Interpretation of Political Opinions in Large Language Models cites this paper.
Fine-Grained Interpretation of Political Opinions in Large Language Models Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:40:14.097900Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c3a6c261-53ae-41d1-82a5-a52ba801239f · inbound
HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong cites this paper.
HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models
Reference 66
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T17:38:20.410091Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.