Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.13388.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.13388 v1

Coverage vector

measured 47 of 47 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.604702Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

47 of 47 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy8
unresolved39
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 4ba8d9ab-e81c-4662-a86b-2d26aa8b49b8 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models write newline

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.441620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0513ae6d-b9cc-4b7a-9ddf-a38e9bc58ea8 · outbound

This paper cites Second-order stochastic optimization for machine learning in linear time.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Second-order stochastic optimization for machine learning in linear time

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:51.125876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 53dd8be7-6a04-427b-b657-0aab91fcd2af · outbound

This paper cites Natural gradient works efficiently in learning.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Natural gradient works efficiently in learning

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.450233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5c94921-0159-4c84-b573-683d685a0cdc · outbound

This paper cites M., Thakkar, O., and Thakurta, A.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models M., Thakkar, O., and Thakurta, A

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:51.108575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 84dde7e4-e8d7-434a-a0b8-807f18235ad7 · outbound

This paper cites A., Jia, H., Travers, A., Zhang, B., Lie, D., and Papernot, N.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models A., Jia, H., Travers, A., Zhang, B., Lie, D., and Papernot, N

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.456455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c0264e7-727a-4c98-84e3-6ef488dcb208 · outbound

This paper cites Unlearning as multi-task optimization: A normalized gradient difference approach with an adaptive learning rate.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unlearning as multi-task optimization: A normalized gradient difference approach with an adaptive learning rate

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.460021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19c0d712-6c2a-4ff8-9d8d-8e4a36f38d23 · outbound

This paper cites S., Tarun, A.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models S., Tarun, A

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:51.090473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 2011d049-b587-4035-960b-32a705792489 · outbound

This paper cites F., Choquette-Choo, C.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models F., Choquette-Choo, C

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.467688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 370a102c-a941-46d4-87ef-909f30b7b423 · outbound

This paper cites GitHub , I.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models GitHub , I

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:51.079755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation cf3c0c62-0b42-40ad-be5e-bfb366a4a03f · outbound

This paper cites Who's Harry Potter? Approximate Unlearning in LLMs.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Who's Harry Potter? Approximate Unlearning in LLMs

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.475141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b9887c82-02f7-4d55-b8f5-5f9075ebaf7a · outbound

This paper cites Simplicity prevails: Rethinking negative preference optimization for llm unlearning.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Simplicity prevails: Rethinking negative preference optimization for llm unlearning

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.479564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b099f05-5c9b-4d8c-bc70-376882c974db · outbound

This paper cites Influence diagnostics under self-concordance.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Influence diagnostics under self-concordance

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:51.066715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 13a486ec-55c1-447d-be37-7ed73d15a3c7 · outbound

This paper cites On Large Language Model Continual Unlearning.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models On Large Language Model Continual Unlearning

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.486527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 230e07f0-3e3d-4507-b6c6-131e52994763 · outbound

This paper cites The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.490600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 015d3fa2-f189-4947-9692-bb00fc77f2cf · outbound

This paper cites An investigation into neural net optimization via hessian eigenvalue density.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models An investigation into neural net optimization via hessian eigenvalue density

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.494527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33663510-1136-4a80-9708-72862bbd5c5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.498136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f0d1ea4-08e1-42ca-97e3-2679fea317fb · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.501304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44e31fba-65c4-46d0-a711-5987a513a2e7 · outbound

This paper cites Jogging the memory of unlearned models through targeted relearning attacks.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Jogging the memory of unlearned models through targeted relearning attacks

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:51.042364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c66d339d-2884-458e-ac76-43e5ec22ac64 · outbound

This paper cites Reversing the Forget-Retain Objectives: An Efficient LLM Unlearning Framework from Logit Difference.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Reversing the Forget-Retain Objectives: An Efficient LLM Unlearning Framework from Logit Difference

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.508668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40d13760-1920-421f-87bb-abe778f3e9d9 · outbound

This paper cites Revisiting inverse Hessian vector products for calculating influence functions.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Revisiting inverse Hessian vector products for calculating influence functions

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.511926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08af71f4-d3b8-4179-830a-240667abc47a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.514626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c9e72387-b273-42ea-a659-eb323c9eea43 · outbound

This paper cites Limitations of the empirical fisher approximation for natural gradient descent.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Limitations of the empirical fisher approximation for natural gradient descent

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.516994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e536439d-a7a1-480b-9c26-86403db04f99 · outbound

This paper cites The WMDP Benchmark: Measuring and Reducing Malicious Use With Unlearning.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models The WMDP Benchmark: Measuring and Reducing Malicious Use With Unlearning

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.520149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 48e154c3-dcd0-417a-bce6-8313f82fabab · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Model Unlearning via Embedding-Corrupted Prompts.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Large Language Model Unlearning via Embedding-Corrupted Prompts

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.522762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0cd3889-d6a6-4ff7-a552-a318499d9ff0 · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.525200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 585cebfe-0a94-46e3-ba79-8800d861b2d4 · outbound

This paper cites Unlearning via RMU is mostly shallow.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unlearning via RMU is mostly shallow

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:51.018184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 4230f4ca-4efa-41bb-ac5f-87cf2a808473 · outbound

This paper cites TOFU: A Task of Fictitious Unlearning for LLMs.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models TOFU: A Task of Fictitious Unlearning for LLMs

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.530058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 14ea4f1c-7b87-412e-abc9-2e8282e9cdba · outbound

This paper cites New insights and perspectives on the natural gradient method.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models New insights and perspectives on the natural gradient method

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.533198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 848688cb-b357-4c92-a763-4af08d094a70 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.536843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2d7b4074-bc80-44fc-88f0-60ae0fbf2b82 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.995129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 066ad914-3ddb-4e3b-89a1-de4a69cc0fb3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.543657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89f70015-20ba-43ea-beaa-ca74ae5f95d0 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting Pretraining Data from Large Language Models.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Detecting Pretraining Data from Large Language Models

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.547341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1deea37-69a1-4a89-bc16-d9cdb1945884 · outbound

This paper cites MUSE: Machine Unlearning Six-Way Evaluation for Language Models.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models MUSE: Machine Unlearning Six-Way Evaluation for Language Models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.551418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation decad587-0bde-42c1-ad46-7f4c86153b57 · outbound

This paper cites and Valpola, H.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models and Valpola, H

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.555336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 51e286be-ad48-4e22-8da1-734d488dc8d6 · outbound

This paper cites Position: LLM Unlearning Benchmarks are Weak Measures of Progress.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Position: LLM Unlearning Benchmarks are Weak Measures of Progress

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.558814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7cde0ba4-8785-47ea-ab87-07191525a08e · outbound

This paper cites Guardrail Baselines for Unlearning in LLMs.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Guardrail Baselines for Unlearning in LLMs

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.562372Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a90b9a11-bbb0-4513-9936-545499c4d0e8 · outbound

This paper cites Unrolling sgd: Understanding factors influencing machine unlearning.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unrolling sgd: Understanding factors influencing machine unlearning

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.565852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5c76e88-6828-4b5b-9d54-6a1a215222d0 · outbound

This paper cites OpenAI , I.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models OpenAI , I

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.965505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 120a6ed5-84c5-4524-81ca-967f947bd1a3 · outbound

This paper cites LLM Unlearning via Loss Adjustment with Only Forget Data.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models LLM Unlearning via Loss Adjustment with Only Forget Data

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.572931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4c63adc-4c2e-4e9c-88df-eb9e8f176f58 · outbound

This paper cites GRU: Mitigating the Trade-off between Unlearning and Retention for LLMs.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models GRU: Mitigating the Trade-off between Unlearning and Retention for LLMs

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.577231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e837804-6967-457a-b4c3-812ead17d959 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Model Unlearning.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Large Language Model Unlearning

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.580713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 516b4866-2986-4a76-8a9e-c444da27ff4b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.584887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c82bf91-9c6f-4181-9717-e23aefd117ce · outbound

This paper cites Negative Preference Optimization: From Catastrophic Collapse to Effective Unlearning.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Negative Preference Optimization: From Catastrophic Collapse to Effective Unlearning

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.589422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 042d78c8-378e-46b2-8371-520cbf24ca77 · outbound

This paper cites Catastrophic Failure of LLM Unlearning via Quantization.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Catastrophic Failure of LLM Unlearning via Quantization

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.593156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e74b27c-9f72-4896-b90c-b88ad2870f72 · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models @esa (Ref

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.596896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b1d7bdd-e165-47ab-aa7a-f56122f8febe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.600850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6cde11cb-1ad1-417f-b0e2-9c927aa8d5a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A mean teacher algorithm for unlearning of language models Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:16:50.604702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.