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The Discriminant Power of Bubble Wall Velocities: Gravitational Waves and Electroweak Baryogenesis

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arxiv 2504.17841 v2 pith:TSJEQJIO submitted 2025-04-24 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords modelsalphabaryogenesiselectroweakewbgsignalswallbubble
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

A precise determination of the bubble wall velocity $v_w$ is crucial for making accurate predictions of the baryon asymmetry and gravitational wave (GW) signals in models of electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG). Working in the local thermal equilibrium approximation, we exploit entropy conservation to present efficient algorithms for computing $v_w$, significantly streamlining the calculation. We then explore the parameter dependencies of $v_w$, focusing on two sample models capable of enabling a strong first-order electroweak phase transition: a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric singlet extension of the SM, and a model for baryogenesis with CP violation in the dark sector. We study correlations among $v_w$ and the two common measures of phase transition strength, $\alpha_n$ and $v_n/T_n$. Interestingly, we find a relatively model-insensitive relationship between $v_n/T_n$ and $\alpha_n$. We also observe an upper bound on $\alpha_n$ for the deflagration/hybrid wall profiles naturally compatible with EWBG, the exact value for which varies between models, significantly impacting the strength of the GW signals. In summary, our work provides a framework for exploring the feasibility of EWBG models in light of future GW signals.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Scalar fluctuations produce a nonvanishing entropy discontinuity across an electroweak bubble wall even in the zero-friction limit, showing LTE-based wall velocity upper bounds cannot be saturated.

  2. Phase Transitions in Dimensional Reduction up to Three Loops

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In a toy complex-scalar model, 1-loop dimension-6 matching corrections compete with 2-loop quartic corrections and dominate 3-loop thermal-mass corrections for strong phase transitions.

  3. Probing Flavour Deconstruction via Primordial Gravitational Waves

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Flavour deconstruction phase transitions can generate detectable gravitational waves, but their spectra typically peak above the millihertz range, making LISA detection possible yet not guaranteed.

  4. Electroweak Baryogenesis: Advances in Sphaleron Rate Calculations and Implications of Thermal Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Sphaleron rates can be computed gauge-invariantly in 3D thermal EFT, yielding a new baryon-washout criterion x = lambda3/g3^2 that replaces v_c/T_c > 1 for electroweak baryogenesis.

  5. The Bubble Wall Velocity in Local Thermal Equilibrium and Energy Budget with Full Effective Potential

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Using the full one-loop effective potential with the LTE approximation, the authors find that for xSM deflagration, bag-model gravitational wave peak predictions can differ by up to 48% in frequency and 90% in amplitu...

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