Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.11820.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.11820 v2

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.284896Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:02.506800Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:02.896712Z

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy14
unresolved31
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation abbbde7f-0195-4720-956f-1adc82cd8210 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.857376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5a25b4b-1cf6-4733-804b-e57b12b96e02 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.872328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d97bbf1d-5b57-4b0a-901c-b555979ce623 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.881113Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0fd15a3f-89b4-4fcb-b3b8-df6d8d05f0a9 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.890396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75b4661d-f670-41aa-961b-41c10a2a96d4 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.898446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10b05d0d-0a7a-4285-9cba-57a7fe2d5fe0 · outbound

This paper cites Mixtral of Experts.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Mixtral of Experts

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.908323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c433023-c089-4e30-a138-4955302f6d6f · outbound

This paper cites Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.930877Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 722e1e4f-e051-44f6-b4d2-b81d7110771c · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.940057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 80fc95e4-6d0f-4a11-a28b-7bba91b5a4b1 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.946608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a462056e-8faf-4cf3-b667-d72b1767e66d · outbound

This paper cites Once-for-all: Train one network and specialize it for efficient deployment.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Once-for-all: Train one network and specialize it for efficient deployment

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.858644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 56ea14f7-3399-4f68-90f6-65c739fea9cf · outbound

This paper cites MatFormer: Nested Transformer for Elastic Inference.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model MatFormer: Nested Transformer for Elastic Inference

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.964405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c664ac5c-2a18-4a52-91d3-f15de5f217b0 · outbound

This paper cites Progressive Neural Networks.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Progressive Neural Networks

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:40.974548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1a6842ff-5772-4a5d-a2d8-20b87a464afa · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive survey of continual learning: Theory, method and application.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model A comprehensive survey of continual learning: Theory, method and application

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.832987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4df3d8fe-a01f-4f1b-a5a3-8ab1482e5bc9 · outbound

This paper cites Jacobs, Michael I.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Jacobs, Michael I

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.802286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 23d9df06-707f-40a3-8885-7a6357ad3fc4 · outbound

This paper cites Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.002135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b99c5e76-b320-4892-b12c-79ef3e8816b9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.776990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3ad68125-142b-4f70-8211-bb970947fced · outbound

This paper cites GLU Variants Improve Transformer.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model GLU Variants Improve Transformer

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.020695Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f59da94c-ec05-458e-9f08-f5330899dd55 · outbound

This paper cites Layer Normalization.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Layer Normalization

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.031025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 165e8c0c-3819-41cf-af88-d0e802ca05e9 · outbound

This paper cites Root mean square layer normalization.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Root mean square layer normalization

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.753794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 11306399-5191-48d4-94a9-93e790fe9433 · outbound

This paper cites GQA: training generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model GQA: training generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.726061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b84c8d85-6079-4baf-ba37-827b7a874cae · outbound

This paper cites Kakade, Prateek Jain, and Ali Farhadi.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Kakade, Prateek Jain, and Ali Farhadi

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.694462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a8916ea4-a03a-4525-9dd7-94411dce0994 · outbound

This paper cites SlimPajama: A 627B token cleaned and deduplicated version of RedPajama.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model SlimPajama: A 627B token cleaned and deduplicated version of RedPajama

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.668097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation faea6002-b360-4004-a777-0409526b251f · outbound

This paper cites TorchTitan: One-stop PyTorch native solution for production ready LLM pre-training.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model TorchTitan: One-stop PyTorch native solution for production ready LLM pre-training

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.071086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6976c0f0-0768-4cef-8f5b-b1639c950ae4 · outbound

This paper cites Kingma and Jimmy Ba.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Kingma and Jimmy Ba

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.082611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea2a1343-7a2f-402d-b2af-3d5c27c27176 · outbound

This paper cites The language model evaluation harness, 07 2024.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model The language model evaluation harness, 07 2024

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.090652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5b5fde5-b2ba-46f3-a580-b752d45c2c50 · outbound

This paper cites TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.102903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cedbfe17-6b84-4a8a-af8a-5f80bd7f3e3a · outbound

This paper cites SARATHI: Efficient LLM Inference by Piggybacking Decodes with Chunked Prefills.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model SARATHI: Efficient LLM Inference by Piggybacking Decodes with Chunked Prefills

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.111749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation befb0232-1991-4ea8-8f33-1d4024107bf9 · outbound

This paper cites Minference 1.0: Accelerating pre-filling for long-context llms via dynamic sparse attention.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Minference 1.0: Accelerating pre-filling for long-context llms via dynamic sparse attention

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.601767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation af2df12f-44dc-4c7b-9368-83fc4f263ddf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.573099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 18736cb7-b63f-40f5-ae19-faeeaf988e73 · outbound

This paper cites Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.138122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b07eda3-dffb-4262-9a38-5466b3e85294 · outbound

This paper cites Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.150842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 847c4791-6ec5-44ea-9c95-47730ee00f13 · outbound

This paper cites Wind, Stanislaw Wozniak, Zhenyuan Zhang, Qinghua Zhou, Jian Zhu, and Rui-Jie Zhu.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Wind, Stanislaw Wozniak, Zhenyuan Zhang, Qinghua Zhou, Jian Zhu, and Rui-Jie Zhu

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.522934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ef9a3191-9eac-4563-a0d9-4905a2f6e81f · outbound

This paper cites Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.174532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4f4e4a3-dbaf-47e2-a4ca-28144f2aae66 · outbound

This paper cites MatMamba: A Matryoshka State Space Model.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model MatMamba: A Matryoshka State Space Model

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.527132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a30bbcc3-cdce-4ad3-baca-28c84e8f40ab · outbound

This paper cites SOLAR 10.7b: Scaling large language models with simple yet effective depth up-scaling.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model SOLAR 10.7b: Scaling large language models with simple yet effective depth up-scaling

Reference 35

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.495716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ebf54bf6-4610-48a1-9bc6-4278e32c8a38 · outbound

This paper cites Flashattention-2: Faster attention with better parallelism and work partitioning.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Flashattention-2: Faster attention with better parallelism and work partitioning

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.200323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f563703-b9d1-4090-8860-27e75cfc7e83 · outbound

This paper cites Distserve: Disaggregating prefill and decoding for goodput-optimized large language model serving.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Distserve: Disaggregating prefill and decoding for goodput-optimized large language model serving

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.436336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2e28bc46-2212-415c-a9ce-940a07d4df11 · outbound

This paper cites Splitwise: Efficient generative LLM inference using phase splitting.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Splitwise: Efficient generative LLM inference using phase splitting

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.213034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11b1bb0b-6f09-491e-b884-8ec82646ce65 · outbound

This paper cites Mooncake: A KVCache-centric Disaggregated Architecture for LLM Serving.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Mooncake: A KVCache-centric Disaggregated Architecture for LLM Serving

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.222257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b9ddda9-d54d-4d83-a1ad-ac306117dec9 · outbound

This paper cites Reed, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Andrew Rabinovich.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Reed, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Andrew Rabinovich

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.369859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a20dabb0-5582-4279-9859-739d64e7499b · outbound

This paper cites Reducing transformer key-value cache size with cross-layer attention.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Reducing transformer key-value cache size with cross-layer attention

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.332296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a9710453-8852-4674-b3bc-4e910f7e6aba · outbound

This paper cites MLKV: Multi-Layer Key-Value Heads for Memory Efficient Transformer Decoding.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model MLKV: Multi-Layer Key-Value Heads for Memory Efficient Transformer Decoding

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.239135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e0cde71-0ec7-494f-a06f-fb168f2098bb · outbound

This paper cites You only cache once: Decoder-decoder architectures for lan- guage models.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model You only cache once: Decoder-decoder architectures for lan- guage models

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.297450Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 9e697198-509e-48fe-8225-0f2ef22e9333 · outbound

This paper cites Mixture-of-Depths: Dynamically allocating compute in transformer-based language models.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Mixture-of-Depths: Dynamically allocating compute in transformer-based language models

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.254335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f92af436-3ca2-40ec-8f50-e9f62706aab5 · outbound

This paper cites GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.260286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5370875a-42b7-4f5a-aa9e-12db040f7b8e · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

Reference 46

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:41.270994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cee2a940-4c94-40f0-b3c0-c9b8447aa4ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.269462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7b62d4f2-27c0-482c-9101-bfc985536330 · outbound

This paper cites "" dim: Dimension of input features hidden_dim: Dimension of output features chains: Base of each chain bias: whether using bias or not.

Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model "" dim: Dimension of input features hidden_dim: Dimension of output features chains: Base of each chain bias: whether using bias or not

Reference 48

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:52:42.237595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation e497e98a-88ab-4ef3-b3c2-e6f89884989e · inbound

Graph-of-Causal Evolution: Challenging Chain-of-Model for Reasoning cites this paper.

Graph-of-Causal Evolution: Challenging Chain-of-Model for Reasoning Chain-of-Model Learning for Language Model

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:02.904533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.