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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 18 of 18 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.14178.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.14178 v1

Coverage vector

measured 18 of 18 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:30.992566Z

measured 20 of 20 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T20:57:34.809865Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

18 of 18 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy6
  • unresolved11
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0fd2d769-f78b-402d-a542-c744e32ca5bd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:34.329097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:28.688870Z digest=sha256:fa715025f4c518e0bfdd6404548847366331dda96e1a31b5dc1311c4bf5e2752

Observation 4599ca91-fec4-476c-b833-bd6250bbdbec · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:34.165446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:28.863698Z digest=sha256:40a3161e7d1ee312eae1101f73a3c1c9c379178c1ce0b7ee769c4ed654e8a02e

Observation d7c2356c-6246-422d-9a59-72be59ec06a5 · outbound

This paper cites a” , “b” , “b.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits a” , “b” , “b

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:33.999514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:28.983178Z digest=sha256:b34811686a7da1cbcf6bca1fb23c4a2d9395a9e73032275a87d35ab4acde4478

Observation e6476d0a-d3e3-4db7-b452-da293604d5b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:31.993750Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:30.405148Z digest=sha256:8dbe84bc378acd39e71cfed28013b451346c6b1ec017331e8e222ced18ee9ea4

Observation a97b606c-5bb6-464e-ae8f-f944cae39813 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:33.811086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:29.181498Z digest=sha256:c58bc161a8ae62fa73bc8d15b3b2f972b996d8368c4af5515dbdfa7024666c98

Observation ce5ba346-b7b0-41e6-905a-9bcdb6f63868 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:33.625547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:29.365337Z digest=sha256:c7bba7a500ad2365ae63dfba34457c35ee01da55469726b8d69c6f499163d3b3

Observation 8a916dfa-2d24-48f0-bae0-59bc5255c32a · outbound

This paper cites Return the reversed string in a dictionary format with the key ‘Result’.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Return the reversed string in a dictionary format with the key ‘Result’

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:33.452087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:29.491456Z digest=sha256:a92e7d0f42c3b4e07383800c3ae08f4e8f51738896704e49ddd0f9191a498a79

Observation 1833ae76-c53a-452e-a637-4d8a72a5c3ff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:33.281578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:29.595694Z digest=sha256:1d9ab83b6007b89e409bbffe19e4a7920ec95ef4f2ee2588c21a29070f4e548c

Observation 4d1baf38-30b9-49b6-98e9-7f2aba231b08 · outbound

This paper cites • Display both the original string (showing characters remaining) and sorted list after each step.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits • Display both the original string (showing characters remaining) and sorted list after each step

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:33.096786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:29.746789Z digest=sha256:4113086f598a07bf106882f390a2f714d64e6e36ed796685b33c890032db642a

Observation deb91901-2131-47df-a905-2d878955e327 · outbound

This paper cites [‘2’, ‘C’, ‘s’, ‘U’, ‘4’, ‘b’, ‘S’, ‘c’].

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits [‘2’, ‘C’, ‘s’, ‘U’, ‘4’, ‘b’, ‘S’, ‘c’]

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:32.945155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:29.873316Z digest=sha256:1f0cb32cee1290b8dce2a8af66bd113f5ee699bb0a3295de30203fe4ffc9b11c

Observation 0bdd95e1-3c24-487d-8c8c-181e45b8b636 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:32.770577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:29.988698Z digest=sha256:15da3f4c098205f2a789343600570c4b833733b649278ae02eb69f9d8c1363f8

Observation d6a46889-2e36-49e5-a28c-498b497d3253 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:32.346146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:30.235118Z digest=sha256:4e37fcf740cfecf25a0f2863097c26a86aa6aee2c00652277a3d359903e6e9be

Observation 9951f03c-776a-4859-8a00-1eac9333f226 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:32.596771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:30.576443Z digest=sha256:46cc4656ccfc9fbbdff9f1ad5730386ab0760ba12d4c7db92cd86dfc13b4fa11

Observation 0d5054d6-b0bc-49c2-a0d4-2b0d59c4bdd8 · outbound

This paper cites - Index 0: The element is ‘a’.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits - Index 0: The element is ‘a’

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:31.554965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:30.761834Z digest=sha256:05cf2f2345ec3cda311f70ffa2c13ffd2f65c5b7238ea61d137ebaf4e897f296

Observation 68b6f79e-f1ea-4815-a292-33528bda2dc8 · outbound

This paper cites Result: 13 Correct Answer: 13 Table 22: Case Study 10 - Correct Prediction with GPT-4o mini (CoT prompt).

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Result: 13 Correct Answer: 13 Table 22: Case Study 10 - Correct Prediction with GPT-4o mini (CoT prompt)

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:31.228216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:30.992566Z digest=sha256:af83ac7a4199249c8556ac20866e181a4a75d9ea1e8caa3eb98a70ec7d5d5756

Observation 2ae0fda0-8c58-48b0-9b04-203c46098115 · outbound

This paper cites Neural Networks and the Chomsky Hierarchy.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Neural Networks and the Chomsky Hierarchy

Reference 2022

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:28.200668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:28.200668Z digest=sha256:f5964e355a0107e8156c1c8c121899a0fbb5c59ca178ec43a7058b374efe53d1

Observation 6feea5cd-36db-42ea-a4f4-0d89669d7c94 · outbound

This paper cites RWKV: Reinventing RNNs for the Transformer Era.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits RWKV: Reinventing RNNs for the Transformer Era

Reference 2023

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:28.279603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:28.279603Z digest=sha256:5b4efcfcd33e197f80436e8f7d16f44f76d514996e8f68d4ca4ac7d3bccd93bf

Observation 7028bbcc-3cde-44af-b79c-dc5efc31fd6f · outbound

This paper cites Transformers, parallel computation, and logarithmic depth.

Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits Transformers, parallel computation, and logarithmic depth

Reference 2024

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:42:28.502494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:42:28.502494Z digest=sha256:0bb6daf0ef41cbed252b5b6b3c983c9f1e72f051e686c9ee83c691a5464197e3

Pith citing papers

Observation 5a23bd02-de57-4bad-8d6a-0955155e1b6b · inbound

VisReason: A Large-Scale Dataset for Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning cites this paper.

VisReason: A Large-Scale Dataset for Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits

Reference 66

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T20:57:34.809865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-03T20:57:34.809865Z digest=sha256:4aedf3799f941a8172d0a049e4a1e257608779f9c8be1893f41b383eacbdc0dc

Observation 844f0711-4dbc-48fc-901b-c256293197f7 · inbound

The Effect of Scripts and Formats on LLM Numeracy cites this paper.

The Effect of Scripts and Formats on LLM Numeracy Tokenization Constraints in LLMs: A Study of Symbolic and Arithmetic Reasoning Limits

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T08:58:51.627099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-03T08:58:51.627099Z digest=sha256:65d68a3b4a983ab99c56da6c9364f8abb1c87640868397b149bbdeb3876f56a9