Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.18638.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.18638 v2

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.295317Z

measured 37 of 37 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-29T14:07:13.510875Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy13
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

0
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation 75020aad-cc5e-4c3b-bdc4-1c8da24550ff · outbound

This paper cites Harnessing ai so that all students benefit: A nonprofit approach for equal access, 2023.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Harnessing ai so that all students benefit: A nonprofit approach for equal access, 2023

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:28.747900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation eb0fea22-d465-4ee9-8ed1-72e056975499 · outbound

This paper cites Do all languages cost the same? tokenization in the era of commercial language models.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Do all languages cost the same? tokenization in the era of commercial language models

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:28.582097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation bf544599-59b6-472d-a8d9-a0055c058ed3 · outbound

This paper cites MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AI.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AI

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.159269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 865755a3-84d1-454d-9658-bdc7f676564f · outbound

This paper cites A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.214109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b641315-eaa8-4256-b95a-71a8822ff998 · outbound

This paper cites Choi, Kristin E.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Choi, Kristin E

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:28.460121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation fe2d0f14-af9e-4054-8cbb-cff8b0780d9e · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.369875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f4e458e-54c6-4a6f-8475-332339c31e0b · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.412640Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abbe8a22-dba5-49b4-b3a7-31f394d55fee · outbound

This paper cites Khapra, Anoop Kunchukuttan, and Pratyush Kumar.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Khapra, Anoop Kunchukuttan, and Pratyush Kumar

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:28.269855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6c2892bf-5853-43e4-afdd-e06466b9e0e0 · outbound

This paper cites Recipe: How to integrate chatgpt into efl writing education.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Recipe: How to integrate chatgpt into efl writing education

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:28.098690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 2917f645-e516-4d8b-a33c-acdcf624278d · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.630006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1fb24afd-f37a-4490-a26d-f7d308131d68 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.721558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a6c5eee-0b78-43ef-84c6-0c861db58f9b · outbound

This paper cites Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.812627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08a82645-bbe8-4d32-8ee0-65cb4e9ac95d · outbound

This paper cites Cosmos qa: Machine reading comprehension with contextual commonsense reasoning.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Cosmos qa: Machine reading comprehension with contextual commonsense reasoning

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:27.913293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e11e79bf-6c36-417a-8724-7027aeea907b · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Mistral 7B

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:24.949854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0465803a-f0a8-4565-bc4a-c9d369bcaff2 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models only pass primary school exams in indonesia: A comprehensive test on indommlu.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Large language models only pass primary school exams in indonesia: A comprehensive test on indommlu

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:27.713397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8af6fddb-9cfb-4f1f-a3c8-9dae60871386 · outbound

This paper cites Kung, Morgan Cheatham, Arielle Medenilla, Czarina Sillos, Lorie De Leon, Camille Elepaño, Maria Madriaga, Rimel Aggabao, Giezel Diaz-Candido, James Maningo, et al.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Kung, Morgan Cheatham, Arielle Medenilla, Czarina Sillos, Lorie De Leon, Camille Elepaño, Maria Madriaga, Rimel Aggabao, Giezel Diaz-Candido, James Maningo, et al

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:27.538398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8f01a317-4de8-4848-b51b-806904ec35e3 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learning.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learning

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.168736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 111969fe-0c94-429d-8c13-d85f6ef0b928 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Logical Reasoning Ability of ChatGPT and GPT-4.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Evaluating the Logical Reasoning Ability of ChatGPT and GPT-4

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.222986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5745ca47-cf86-4b5d-af5f-2e78fc112947 · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-4 technical report, 2023.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Gpt-4 technical report, 2023

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.322430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5493db6b-1d07-41e4-a038-85a36e15f45b · outbound

This paper cites Language Model Tokenizers Introduce Unfairness Between Languages.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Language Model Tokenizers Introduce Unfairness Between Languages

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.383880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e777ea7e-ef29-481b-b8ab-798147360111 · outbound

This paper cites Xcopa: A multilingual dataset for causal commonsense reasoning.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Xcopa: A multilingual dataset for causal commonsense reasoning

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:27.346885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e65ce059-216d-435f-b1ff-24f3d3bb472f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.500627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50736371-06ef-4050-8feb-24d09b791fb1 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.586119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99d99831-40f7-41f2-975b-1880468d360a · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.653410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 20d21bdb-02a5-4373-9578-c1a36f23b6f8 · outbound

This paper cites Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.717428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 308847b9-ff2f-45b8-8759-3ca51306f94a · outbound

This paper cites Commonsenseqa: A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Commonsenseqa: A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:27.133188Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation de7b2cdd-2fb4-42df-8765-d40ccdfe1894 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.842066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17beb033-25f5-4ca7-a3d7-24426dc89869 · outbound

This paper cites Aya model: An instruction finetuned open-access multilingual language model.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Aya model: An instruction finetuned open-access multilingual language model

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.949745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation cc506b17-e94b-4c31-9985-5a25b52b72fa · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:25.943681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b3fa004-eeb5-458c-83c4-41a36d32627b · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.011846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1779f70-2a8c-4a66-8767-63b0faab8c72 · outbound

This paper cites Languages by total number of speakers, 2023.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Languages by total number of speakers, 2023

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.823092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation aaccbdac-413d-4166-a84a-53163ad27a4a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.679731Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3b58cdf8-8c4a-4adc-bf38-0fb46b250393 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models write newline

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.173378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7bbff625-bac9-4b8e-885b-4f4db4d61dae · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models @esa (Ref

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.216187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d19b519f-93f0-448d-a135-32673bd4be92 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.254343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40765851-f553-474f-9464-ef39321029f6 · outbound

This paper cites X@HQ " H ٝyH f Ac ΁;ޝ SN4 ! B !q޽ b6g ! B gggO޼ygpi ǎ c 9r ,! B !]6 ;vf͚t¥i̛7_ ! Bl#R ! Bd B !.

Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models X@HQ " H ٝyH f Ac ΁;ޝ SN4 ! B !q޽ b6g ! B gggO޼ygpi ǎ c 9r ,! B !]6 ;vf͚t¥i̛7_ ! Bl#R ! Bd B !

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:32:26.589841Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation d3e20404-27d2-46ca-a42a-1598cb2e9def · inbound

Pattern Recognition Tasks with Personalized Federated Learning cites this paper.

Pattern Recognition Tasks with Personalized Federated Learning Multilingual Question Answering in Low-Resource Settings: A Dzongkha-English Benchmark for Foundation Models

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T14:13:29.754472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.