Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.19511.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.19511 v1

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:09.116323Z

measured 31 of 31 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T14:53:05.032285Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-15T14:53:05.206475Z

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy7
unresolved19
parse uncertain1
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 004af4f3-c7ea-499a-a0f9-f5bfb80297ca · outbound

This paper cites Phi-4-reasoning Technical Report.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Phi-4-reasoning Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:06.597505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e1e37bf4-c420-4859-a4db-ec8456d27c21 · outbound

This paper cites Claude 3.7 sonnet, 2025.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Claude 3.7 sonnet, 2025

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:10.706574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation fb3e795e-86f6-43fe-9dd4-579ac204518e · outbound

This paper cites Cause and effect: can large language models truly understand causality? InProceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series, volume 4, pages 2–9, 2024.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Cause and effect: can large language models truly understand causality? InProceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series, volume 4, pages 2–9, 2024

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:10.532910Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 35aee4b5-922a-4381-8d38-19e7973515d5 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Causal Attribution Model for Precision Fine-Tuning.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Enhancing Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Causal Attribution Model for Precision Fine-Tuning

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:06.926524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f848f654-b1d2-4686-9a72-809f9addfc36 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Evaluation of Language Models.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Causal Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.025526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b9c2630d-e6e8-499c-bcd9-b239bcfb2289 · outbound

This paper cites CounterBench: Evaluating and Improving Counterfactual Reasoning in Large Language Models.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models CounterBench: Evaluating and Improving Counterfactual Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.091965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7dbe312e-139d-42f3-be48-f1e2eddd0040 · outbound

This paper cites Unveiling causal reasoning in large language models: Reality or mirage?Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:96640–96670, 2024.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Unveiling causal reasoning in large language models: Reality or mirage?Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:96640–96670, 2024

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:10.443599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f80581e1-854e-4b85-83b0-4799dc517c2a · outbound

This paper cites CLIMATE-FEVER: A Dataset for Verification of Real-World Climate Claims.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models CLIMATE-FEVER: A Dataset for Verification of Real-World Climate Claims

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.260079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f8d60938-34dd-491d-9483-c6fa8d0fbd4b · outbound

This paper cites Causal inference in natural language processing: Estimation, prediction, interpretation and beyond.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Causal inference in natural language processing: Estimation, prediction, interpretation and beyond

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.348175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54d354d6-fabd-4fc0-b137-d9f5b6594331 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient knowledge distillation from an ensemble of teachers.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Efficient knowledge distillation from an ensemble of teachers

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.420560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bcec8e91-aa07-47f2-b450-a2ac9acbfb4f · outbound

This paper cites Gemini flash: Efficient and capable, 2025.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Gemini flash: Efficient and capable, 2025

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:10.322459Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f268e853-a9d8-49be-8eb6-b453ea3d637a · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.595667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3765b16f-aea4-4a06-8c60-54db0b0daa35 · outbound

This paper cites Leakage-Adjusted Simulatability: Can Models Generate Non-Trivial Explanations of Their Behavior in Natural Language?.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Leakage-Adjusted Simulatability: Can Models Generate Non-Trivial Explanations of Their Behavior in Natural Language?

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:09.654339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a5e4e444-f05a-448d-8950-ed1bb89f5dec · outbound

This paper cites Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.713666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 60e573ea-4e32-4ef2-ab96-d6736c024cca · outbound

This paper cites Distilling Step-by-Step! Outperforming Larger Language Models with Less Training Data and Smaller Model Sizes.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Distilling Step-by-Step! Outperforming Larger Language Models with Less Training Data and Smaller Model Sizes

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.789889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05441bdd-4351-47a7-bdd5-430dd8874183 · outbound

This paper cites Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models.ICLR, 1(2):3, 2022.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models.ICLR, 1(2):3, 2022

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:07.891522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 78437691-f45f-48c7-8dc0-fc2bc67c9e70 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-2: The surprising power of small language models.Microsoft Research Blog, 1(3):3, 2023.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Phi-2: The surprising power of small language models.Microsoft Research Blog, 1(3):3, 2023

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:10.175781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation be39212a-9765-4915-8faf-99ad00ddfe7e · outbound

This paper cites Cladder: Assessing causal reasoning in language models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:31038–31065, 2023.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Cladder: Assessing causal reasoning in language models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:31038–31065, 2023

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:08.079954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50682e57-524b-4846-a4bf-f7927c043e31 · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Infer Causation from Correlation?.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Can Large Language Models Infer Causation from Correlation?

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:08.188141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c2db986b-3447-4e43-a947-16e983d5527e · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Enhancing Causal Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models A Survey on Enhancing Causal Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:09.496744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e798ed4f-25e6-44f6-a256-bf92e4639cb6 · outbound

This paper cites Teaching Small Language Models to Reason.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Teaching Small Language Models to Reason

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:08.363480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f335903-eabd-477e-9c46-f0a891db7a8f · outbound

This paper cites Openai o3-mini system card, 2025.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Openai o3-mini system card, 2025

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:10.018457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3e2c39f5-9c68-494a-b24e-27970a6d49e6 · outbound

This paper cites MIT press, 2000.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models MIT press, 2000

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:08.551556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b50b37fa-e42d-435e-a6a8-cde32edb3a80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: parse uncertain; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:08.618901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89b8279a-a067-4042-8c5b-d3c82ed9f056 · outbound

This paper cites Explanatory coherence.Behavioral and brain sciences, 12(3):435–467, 1989.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Explanatory coherence.Behavioral and brain sciences, 12(3):435–467, 1989

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:09.869832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 2a86c951-3ddd-4a8f-bc69-df4b3ec9f3ba · outbound

This paper cites A Comprehensive Survey of Small Language Models in the Era of Large Language Models: Techniques, Enhancements, Applications, Collaboration with LLMs, and Trustworthiness.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models A Comprehensive Survey of Small Language Models in the Era of Large Language Models: Techniques, Enhancements, Applications, Collaboration with LLMs, and Trustworthiness

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:08.809326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 233113f4-fa0d-4741-9411-057c9c956901 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Distillation for Language Models.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Causal Distillation for Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:09.344467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation af623c6a-adbf-4caa-940d-eb69f023a3ba · outbound

This paper cites Are Human Explanations Always Helpful? Towards Objective Evaluation of Human Natural Language Explanations.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Are Human Explanations Always Helpful? Towards Objective Evaluation of Human Natural Language Explanations

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:08.990518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9746c3ea-e50b-4251-bcaf-661d4d6e2362 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding Causality with Large Language Models: Feasibility and Opportunities.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models Understanding Causality with Large Language Models: Feasibility and Opportunities

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:09.053272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 729aaf0c-7b42-4f3f-80c2-40453c7817d9 · outbound

This paper cites TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model.

Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:09.116323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation aee7e62a-20c0-414a-8c88-b3ff11b49ccd · inbound

CausalOPD: First-Wrong-Step Supervision for Distilling Causal Chain Reasoning cites this paper.

CausalOPD: First-Wrong-Step Supervision for Distilling Causal Chain Reasoning Causal Distillation: Transferring Structured Explanations from Large to Compact Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T14:53:05.213689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.