Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 41 of 41 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.19548.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.19548 v1

Coverage vector

measured 41 of 41 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:03.515939Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T11:31:57.283927Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-17T02:43:53.241131Z

Reference resolution

41 of 41 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy4
unresolved33
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 2e4a8bc6-a61c-4f68-81b7-0d373d8b4685 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:58.115014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54d8fc0e-d5be-45ef-8ae4-7b9e481fd0eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:58.286235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0d61446f-c71e-4597-8a7a-29c772c79246 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:08.321474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation eef1b239-ef41-4b0b-b184-101957fc0a99 · outbound

This paper cites Pythia: A Suite for Analyzing Large Language Models Across Training and Scaling.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Pythia: A Suite for Analyzing Large Language Models Across Training and Scaling

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:58.563182Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25f2f823-ad08-4cdf-b861-469e1730691d · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Share Representations of Latent Grammatical Concepts Across Typologically Diverse Languages.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Large Language Models Share Representations of Latent Grammatical Concepts Across Typologically Diverse Languages

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:58.686767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aeec267e-983b-4985-ab88-82678a8e9c9b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:08.136936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 96603462-e6a8-4a45-ac2e-15b8a0b4e71e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:58.970678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42ca6f9d-5f7b-46bc-8e6b-0ddfcf3dc5a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:07.982459Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 25cd902d-34ea-4a36-921e-9fbe92a12313 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:07.799963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a83070f1-1ed1-4d13-b58f-9b60151ceb12 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:07.645038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 17ebdb11-2129-4e09-b6b5-7fd517c26f24 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:07.459452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 69880310-0f20-4469-9bbb-fca887ad6dda · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:07.261534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5f44a9f2-6eb4-4946-b378-906be790dffc · outbound

This paper cites Hall, Dongmei Li, and Tim D.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Hall, Dongmei Li, and Tim D

Reference 13

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:04.771220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c6a136cb-7d49-4fc1-af61-67839aca466d · outbound

This paper cites Hertz-Pannier, C.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Hertz-Pannier, C

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:07.071921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c1fd7c85-6487-4d53-980b-83751a405d5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:00.161522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8dfac6dc-8485-4491-bcc4-35c450666bab · outbound

This paper cites Johnson and Elissa L.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Johnson and Elissa L

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:06.892720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 2f7630c6-8597-4e14-8036-9c870197810b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:04.002292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 579e434d-eb06-4ef6-abba-7a9e75e24d8d · outbound

This paper cites Probing Internal Representations of Multi-Word Verbs in Large Language Models.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Probing Internal Representations of Multi-Word Verbs in Large Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:00.578180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad17239e-d63b-4525-b10b-48d5fc51a22b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:06.721956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation ffacf368-0424-460d-b531-49108a7c1e43 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:06.407410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation ed9ef9e1-8640-4103-9154-27977ee205a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:01.001029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d83de5b9-b615-4158-95ab-32319463a756 · outbound

This paper cites Lenneberg.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Lenneberg

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:06.121928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 926097a5-6ad4-4217-8042-c8530fabd4dd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:01.256514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation afe1b9ae-cdff-4307-a40c-b837dcb54263 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:01.398248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 161f0ff5-6e59-4c39-b3fa-6006e4e4e26b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:01.596102Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb9a20fe-0806-4851-9084-b82b7ac33d9b · outbound

This paper cites Targeted Syntactic Evaluation of Language Models.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Targeted Syntactic Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:04.243058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation b3d522a1-65e3-41e1-a5d3-c4c257ce4c21 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Analysis of Syntactic Agreement Neurons in Multilingual Language Models.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Causal Analysis of Syntactic Agreement Neurons in Multilingual Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:01.841725Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 720a8254-aefd-43e2-b9af-129ebd292260 · outbound

This paper cites In-context Learning and Induction Heads.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models In-context Learning and Induction Heads

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:01.968131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a1f8a641-e577-47b5-b91f-7fe1c54030e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:03.806816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 4f55ab3b-b4e2-4604-80e2-164725d778c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:05.792007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a9039127-b95b-45d4-bf56-cefba529cd41 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:05.576823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation df2bb77a-2072-4471-8db9-df38b2742d4e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:02.362754Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0983770d-a074-43d0-be64-895600c95804 · outbound

This paper cites Language-Specific Neurons: The Key to Multilingual Capabilities in Large Language Models.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Language-Specific Neurons: The Key to Multilingual Capabilities in Large Language Models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:02.518081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01f5e333-2b86-4d44-b55a-580651a25015 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:05.324210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1f083aba-6074-462b-8afa-d0ab42197e3c · outbound

This paper cites Vicari, A.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Vicari, A

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:05.128340Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c7c8234f-71d3-4232-8fce-87e708e5d112 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:02.849152Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 726d0a80-e229-4ab5-8293-e2c5e2121d26 · outbound

This paper cites Interpretability in the Wild: a Circuit for Indirect Object Identification in GPT-2 small.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Interpretability in the Wild: a Circuit for Indirect Object Identification in GPT-2 small

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:02.941819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2cbab4ca-455a-45c2-81a9-3d20b665c43c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:03.108323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2948fd55-28a1-49dc-aea3-42e0382c751d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:03.243092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c084a0d1-e29d-44d6-81b3-dfb1dbc62c0d · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:03.397142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f3e59976-3f22-44f3-89cc-a940d6949c9c · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models write newline

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:18:03.515939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 788410d9-971c-4970-8f4d-c261dffdc92b · inbound

Different types of syntactic agreement recruit the same units within large language models cites this paper.

Different types of syntactic agreement recruit the same units within large language models How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-17T02:43:53.243190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5928a8fc-7650-4027-b178-793dc15f5578 · inbound

The Grammar of Transformers: A Systematic Review of Interpretability Research on Syntactic Knowledge in Language Models cites this paper.

The Grammar of Transformers: A Systematic Review of Interpretability Research on Syntactic Knowledge in Language Models How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T11:31:57.283927Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6d6ae1e-8fd1-4e11-9537-f948bb72eeb3 · inbound

Linear representations of grammaticality in neural language models cites this paper.

Linear representations of grammaticality in neural language models How Syntax Specialization Emerges in Language Models

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:59:37.492016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.