Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.19776.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.19776 v1

Coverage vector

measured 47 of 47 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.398808Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

47 of 47 outbound references displayed

verified exact6
verified fuzzy0
unresolved41
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 60e687a5-6b25-4a03-8a4c-8c2ac71bd4e0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:29.371191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 196cf73b-9ec9-4fba-adff-2fd3c1b74626 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:36.291544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation feb49d6b-70ca-49bc-b3a0-ae9db8a1f694 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:36.137027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation bf4525aa-0da3-4c4f-9d2f-6c7f30e8826a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:29.600001Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8babbf8b-748e-4e50-b753-1831641515f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:29.694387Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9a502cd-e585-4b33-9d7b-e2482e275008 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:29.760513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f4723f1a-2ff4-45ba-9f82-9b0b64c86bd1 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-Tuned 'Small' LLMs (Still) Significantly Outperform Zero-Shot Generative AI Models in Text Classification.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Fine-Tuned 'Small' LLMs (Still) Significantly Outperform Zero-Shot Generative AI Models in Text Classification

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:29.827699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9798a2db-ce06-4590-bb9b-aff9875bf40f · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Reflect the Ideology of their Creators.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Large Language Models Reflect the Ideology of their Creators

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:29.932545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b60696ab-6d88-48b0-b9ff-5cae230e2d8b · outbound

This paper cites Detecting Hate Speech with GPT-3.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Detecting Hate Speech with GPT-3

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:30.046884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ebf95d54-9bfa-4a7e-83a3-b298291abeb2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:30.159000Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ddd74985-fea9-4493-a82f-04767abd4607 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:35.986298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f14be866-b981-4fb4-aa47-7b660188220c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:30.349278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc4019d1-3d90-47e3-a6aa-6088fbe4fa62 · outbound

This paper cites Combining Objective and Subjective Perspectives for Political News Understanding.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Combining Objective and Subjective Perspectives for Political News Understanding

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:34.541540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 291a7672-b4d2-485e-923f-2e5af51c1dcb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:35.826810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e3b765b2-cac4-4ac0-9929-1789a2fa1a99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:30.627360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9a05d667-a940-4223-9e54-9116410c639f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:35.660535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3cf66c02-3b14-4f6b-97bd-cfdd447e7a11 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:30.769323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 595bf063-9ce2-470b-acc3-85148db61c90 · outbound

This paper cites The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:30.875061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2547be13-43d5-4fea-8913-b136aedf6f95 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:35.457152Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c24b0db6-8749-4578-ac76-210bfeaf0f08 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:34.186504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 17958b1a-bb10-4002-aac2-7519a7d1c279 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:31.164502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af6d8c3e-9d53-4530-a9e9-22d39cce8d3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:35.271313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 63b5296f-ce52-4639-96e1-40ff160502fc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:31.352423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e08dc80-fcb6-4ad9-adcc-1debf001bc79 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:31.421934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3008dabf-10f6-4f44-9670-26319df8c394 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:34.009854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ebc42ca6-807d-4056-b61a-03afe8ede1af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:31.556410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b1667e7-6cf4-4424-9286-e41fe2082d9c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:35.089843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 009b0333-a514-4183-b9a6-9a14d8298041 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.876477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2c63ff5c-96e9-4958-aeee-d3b46f837d2a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:31.797957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d78ca9fd-552e-43a4-b31f-38d20796abcf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:31.917139Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25629376-e726-427b-a586-4d9c3b25a9b8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.015628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aafbdd4c-aaf7-47d5-981f-5013edc23155 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.117247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5bc0f881-f05d-463d-9898-a7630283a4ca · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Meet NLP: A Survey.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Large Language Models Meet NLP: A Survey

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.210050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9364c754-1473-4328-ae9f-e47aceea23ea · outbound

This paper cites Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Models.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.304413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0fee50b3-e38a-4312-bd6b-0f827261bd96 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.404185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7c9d50c5-37e5-4848-9100-348d05c4aade · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.503181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation afee748c-aba0-458f-97de-cb8802f003a2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:34.927375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f76d03cb-4139-4b19-b2d9-86ac787416bb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:34.735565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4a8ed6d7-6273-42cf-a75a-1c3ce7141604 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.748617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c2e6d12-a577-4925-b322-6e956bc104c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:32.826517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64bfc4b7-bb6a-4e83-8bb5-f8a036122295 · outbound

This paper cites Ungless, Bj \"o rn Ross, and Vaishak Belle.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Ungless, Bj \"o rn Ross, and Vaishak Belle

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.709654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6ca340f2-9a5a-4972-b92c-8a3cec6161b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.591187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 94978d63-dc39-4a48-b70d-10205af5a33c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.068781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c12da15b-ba74-49f9-8e32-1f7ce8c913db · outbound

This paper cites BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.148693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13637fca-48fc-4884-8e97-ec002ffabc3e · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Multilingual Large Language Models: Corpora, Alignment, and Bias.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification A Survey on Multilingual Large Language Models: Corpora, Alignment, and Bias

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.270189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 41cd9b08-e07e-4fb7-abc2-0065fac2ac1f · outbound

This paper cites GeoMLAMA: Geo-Diverse Commonsense Probing on Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Models.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification GeoMLAMA: Geo-Diverse Commonsense Probing on Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Models

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.369145Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d2c2cd9-2f63-42b3-92d7-01990db84411 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:10:33.398808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.