Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 24 of 24 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.20326.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.20326 v1

Coverage vector

measured 24 of 24 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:10.316754Z

measured 24 of 24 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

24 of 24 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy21
unresolved3
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b4c60a33-7f56-4687-9741-3da9ceba5bc4 · outbound

This paper cites See it from my perspective: How language affects cultural bias in image understanding.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration See it from my perspective: How language affects cultural bias in image understanding

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:14.010711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f2ee2149-dd70-43c6-912f-65f7ba6ec18c · outbound

This paper cites From local concepts to universals: Evaluating the multicultural understanding of vision-language models.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration From local concepts to universals: Evaluating the multicultural understanding of vision-language models

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:13.866511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 672c9ce1-be5e-4c62-91f4-05776827600b · outbound

This paper cites Multimodal datasets: misogyny, pornography, and malignant stereotypes.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Multimodal datasets: misogyny, pornography, and malignant stereotypes

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:08.190528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 0fbfc8cb-a62e-411d-9732-de5a978ad00d · outbound

This paper cites Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learning.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learning

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:13.689491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation aba5acc2-313e-4d58-ad3d-e986de495b8d · outbound

This paper cites Improving clip training with language rewrites.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Improving clip training with language rewrites

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:13.575096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 875c2967-d629-41ed-bd75-fcf873b27611 · outbound

This paper cites Uncurated image-text datasets: Shedding light on demographic bias.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Uncurated image-text datasets: Shedding light on demographic bias

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:13.429559Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 49dff444-765f-485c-b439-18341c3c9e9a · outbound

This paper cites Vision-Language Models Performing Zero-Shot Tasks Exhibit Gender-based Disparities.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Vision-Language Models Performing Zero-Shot Tasks Exhibit Gender-based Disparities

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:08.709859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a93a818f-9e02-4233-ada9-f29db1604257 · outbound

This paper cites So- cialcounterfactuals: Probing and mitigating intersectional social biases in vision-language models with counterfac- tual examples.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration So- cialcounterfactuals: Probing and mitigating intersectional social biases in vision-language models with counterfac- tual examples

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:13.255658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6ae4aef5-1ad9-429d-98df-d3474c6356a9 · outbound

This paper cites Multi-modal bias: Introducing a framework for stereotypical bias as- sessment beyond gender and race in vision–language models.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Multi-modal bias: Introducing a framework for stereotypical bias as- sessment beyond gender and race in vision–language models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:13.078675Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 66a858ac-b506-4da0-89a3-ef8ecfaab1eb · outbound

This paper cites Fairface: Face attribute dataset for balanced race, gender, and age for bias measurement and mitigation.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Fairface: Face attribute dataset for balanced race, gender, and age for bias measurement and mitigation

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:12.916295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a99deb3b-dc10-4aab-9199-b8c9fc650123 · outbound

This paper cites Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:12.778598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation bd59e4a6-5791-4817-9caf-8cebb9cb6e12 · outbound

This paper cites Visually grounded reasoning across languages and cultures.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Visually grounded reasoning across languages and cultures

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:12.622095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 09bf5613-7cf8-4fc2-87ab-809f4086dbce · outbound

This paper cites Stable bias: Evaluating societal rep- resentations in diffusion models.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Stable bias: Evaluating societal rep- resentations in diffusion models

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:12.442475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 93b2f634-8e35-4eb9-8fdc-6228ed4275ca · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking vision language models for cultural understanding.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Benchmarking vision language models for cultural understanding

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:12.205596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 41aee9e0-fa81-4a31-89e0-307cabb2db91 · outbound

This paper cites Bridging the digital divide: Performance variation across socio- economic factors in vision-language models.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Bridging the digital divide: Performance variation across socio- economic factors in vision-language models

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:12.034537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 27a485d5-36fe-4aaa-b178-73cc59c9cb77 · outbound

This paper cites No filter: Cultural and socioe- conomic diversity in contrastive vision-language models.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration No filter: Cultural and socioe- conomic diversity in contrastive vision-language models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:11.881040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 863fa5a8-08ff-407a-b40a-991eebaf593d · outbound

This paper cites Learn- ing transferable visual models from natural language su- pervision.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Learn- ing transferable visual models from natural language su- pervision

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:11.790036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8062d537-4532-4e6a-9aae-1a40e44f497c · outbound

This paper cites No classification without representation: Assessing geodiversity issues in open data sets for the developing world.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration No classification without representation: Assessing geodiversity issues in open data sets for the developing world

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:11.565500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 618a87bd-bf6b-4019-8fb3-8b327c68a165 · outbound

This paper cites Flava: A foundational language and vision alignment model.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Flava: A foundational language and vision alignment model

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:11.402018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e0fefdb2-cd97-43fb-9550-7ac6a37fb2be · outbound

This paper cites Alip: Adaptive language-image pre-training with synthetic cap- tion.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Alip: Adaptive language-image pre-training with synthetic cap- tion

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:11.285790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 9524fd64-c689-4cba-a25d-c17c2e2b02cb · outbound

This paper cites Sigmoid loss for language image pre- training.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Sigmoid loss for language image pre- training

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:11.068510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 44745be6-ea90-4bd3-8361-4d68574a849a · outbound

This paper cites Un- derstanding and evaluating racial biases in image cap- tioning.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Un- derstanding and evaluating racial biases in image cap- tioning

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:10.907644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4e4235ff-6de7-4f05-bebb-aa905c4edfa6 · outbound

This paper cites Vlstereoset: A study of stereotypical bias in pre-trained vision-language models.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Vlstereoset: A study of stereotypical bias in pre-trained vision-language models

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:10.738277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 66a0e14e-41df-46b5-ae18-8e3a047ed7a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cultural Awareness in Vision-Language Models: A Cross-Country Exploration Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:36:10.533939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.