Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.20745.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.20745 v2

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:54.909052Z

measured 37 of 37 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:51.751248Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:55.386297Z

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy30
unresolved4
parse uncertain0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d5b51e93-0cff-4166-8114-b7a131a078d6 · outbound

This paper cites Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:55.490569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a670dc8c-d5a4-495f-a91e-2c0eabd9efd7 · outbound

This paper cites Each PCG recording spans from 5.1 to 64.5 seconds, totaling about 20 hours.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Each PCG recording spans from 5.1 to 64.5 seconds, totaling about 20 hours

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:01.536044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 37b1ab66-b853-40b4-a534-36eef4f68799 · outbound

This paper cites 16 kHz raw audio using a 25 ms Hann window and 10 ms hops.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation 16 kHz raw audio using a 25 ms Hann window and 10 ms hops

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:01.377069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f828092f-1825-4796-a4fa-24879be3831a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:01.218024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 021bfa41-db12-46d1-971d-4bc6ee42f0ca · outbound

This paper cites The thick purple line represents the average MAE ( M AEj) across the 6 splits, with the light purple shaded area indi- cating the standard deviation (σ M AEj ).

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation The thick purple line represents the average MAE ( M AEj) across the 6 splits, with the light purple shaded area indi- cating the standard deviation (σ M AEj )

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:01.040953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f4f6f0a0-be39-4083-9582-f786c9f51183 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:00.898098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 481b17ae-024e-4c42-960e-9e5573efaccb · outbound

This paper cites Model-driven heart rate estimation and heart murmur detection based on phonocardiogram,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Model-driven heart rate estimation and heart murmur detection based on phonocardiogram,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:00.690878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 8a59b7f3-2548-407b-a38a-ee97134e4514 · outbound

This paper cites Heart rate recovery as a guide to monitor fa- tigue and predict changes in performance parameters,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Heart rate recovery as a guide to monitor fa- tigue and predict changes in performance parameters,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:00.512618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 74a7597c-9b8c-4f3f-b689-ca0bbf09473a · outbound

This paper cites Heart rate vs stress indicator for short term mental stress,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Heart rate vs stress indicator for short term mental stress,

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:00.335376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 50fb8446-af07-4887-8444-52fba76171b1 · outbound

This paper cites Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:00.181143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation dddabd4a-9508-44a1-a191-52aa146cd8a3 · outbound

This paper cites Short- segment heart sound classification using an ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Short- segment heart sound classification using an ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:51:00.040196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4a10e910-e958-4913-8ccd-f2cb729bf707 · outbound

This paper cites Study selectively: An adaptive knowledge distillation based on a voting network for heart sound classification,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Study selectively: An adaptive knowledge distillation based on a voting network for heart sound classification,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:59.915740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4ab9f63b-99d0-4ef8-9c00-adc67a7470c4 · outbound

This paper cites Heart rate estimation from phonocardiogram signals using non-negative matrix factorization,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Heart rate estimation from phonocardiogram signals using non-negative matrix factorization,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:59.783903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation d5e1fdcd-5ffc-4441-8a2c-23671f8f9771 · outbound

This paper cites Heart sound classifi- cation based on improved mel-frequency spectral coefficients and deep residual learning,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Heart sound classifi- cation based on improved mel-frequency spectral coefficients and deep residual learning,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:59.629466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b10c7e1c-a8f1-449b-86a2-e83631a463da · outbound

This paper cites Ar- steth: Enabling home self-screening with ar-assisted intelli- gent stethoscopes,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Ar- steth: Enabling home self-screening with ar-assisted intelli- gent stethoscopes,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:59.473801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e6feab34-3e16-4117-99ed-60e2dbc38fb1 · outbound

This paper cites The interspeech 2018 compu- tational paralinguistics challenge: Atypical & self-assessed affect, crying & heart beats,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation The interspeech 2018 compu- tational paralinguistics challenge: Atypical & self-assessed affect, crying & heart beats,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:59.309559Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3c8fd433-b0de-4ae5-ab21-18c22dd3ccdb · outbound

This paper cites Opensmile: the mu- nich versatile and fast open-source audio feature extractor,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Opensmile: the mu- nich versatile and fast open-source audio feature extractor,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:59.128927Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 9bdf1565-bf94-4506-adc1-e8eafae5013d · outbound

This paper cites An ensemble of transfer, semi-supervised and su- pervised learning methods for pathological heart sound clas- sification,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation An ensemble of transfer, semi-supervised and su- pervised learning methods for pathological heart sound clas- sification,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:58.892342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4cd7c1d9-d241-4538-b3f3-da2dc6e7af76 · outbound

This paper cites Learning image-based representations for heart sound classification,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Learning image-based representations for heart sound classification,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:58.772690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7a1db499-90da-4fe5-8227-36e68e96a1ff · outbound

This paper cites Predicting heart activity from speech using data-driven and knowledge- based features,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Predicting heart activity from speech using data-driven and knowledge- based features,

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:58.644655Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7261b0ca-e71c-457e-a2d2-26665f720fef · outbound

This paper cites Investigating salient repre- sentations and label variance in dimensional speech emotion analysis,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Investigating salient repre- sentations and label variance in dimensional speech emotion analysis,

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:58.508700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 129d29a0-0587-41e4-b596-13f792cae180 · outbound

This paper cites Pre-trained model representations and their robust- ness against noise for speech emotion analysis,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Pre-trained model representations and their robust- ness against noise for speech emotion analysis,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:58.338171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e8bb26b1-f6b6-4de3-8b98-e9434b788b00 · outbound

This paper cites Speech emotion recognition using self- supervised features,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Speech emotion recognition using self- supervised features,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:58.168899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation eb060188-609a-4ee6-821b-182279889976 · outbound

This paper cites Multi-modal dataset across exertion levels: Capturing post-exercise speech, breathing, and phonocardio- gram,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Multi-modal dataset across exertion levels: Capturing post-exercise speech, breathing, and phonocardio- gram,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:57.996890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a0c48d6f-a6e7-46eb-bde2-ff7b570a62b7 · outbound

This paper cites Layer-wise anal- ysis of a self-supervised speech representation model,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Layer-wise anal- ysis of a self-supervised speech representation model,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:57.861643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 577d29a5-f933-4609-99b8-2031f62b1ccd · outbound

This paper cites Pre-Trained Foundation Model representations to uncover Breathing patterns in Speech.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Pre-Trained Foundation Model representations to uncover Breathing patterns in Speech

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:55.240821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 242f7cb1-0ce9-48fa-b20a-fdbaec0ebac9 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring wav2vec 2.0 model for heart murmur detection,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Exploring wav2vec 2.0 model for heart murmur detection,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:57.733808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 95a4ce83-170e-4896-9e29-02f118b26df0 · outbound

This paper cites Foundation models for cardiovascular disease detection via biosignals from digital stethoscopes,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Foundation models for cardiovascular disease detection via biosignals from digital stethoscopes,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:57.506452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b957e74f-c69d-4ded-ab0a-8362a43a997c · outbound

This paper cites The circor digiscope phonocardiogram dataset,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation The circor digiscope phonocardiogram dataset,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:57.299125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 846ebc6d-e196-4da3-baf7-c23a31abfc0e · outbound

This paper cites Hubert: Self-supervised speech representation learning by masked prediction of hidden units,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Hubert: Self-supervised speech representation learning by masked prediction of hidden units,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:56.870352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7cfe7227-c0f1-4819-82e4-9c9839722bab · outbound

This paper cites wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech rep- resentations,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech rep- resentations,

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:56.554958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4bfbbcdc-bf78-418e-a738-cab9a6f869ed · outbound

This paper cites Wavlm: Large-scale self-supervised pre-training for full stack speech processing,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Wavlm: Large-scale self-supervised pre-training for full stack speech processing,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:56.277101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4b20cb17-9f2c-420d-ab1a-1a61053dba53 · outbound

This paper cites Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:55.970078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 06d8a802-14eb-4841-8bfb-ddfc159586ad · outbound

This paper cites Clap learning audio concepts from natural language supervision,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Clap learning audio concepts from natural language supervision,

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:55.653792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation dcc52fe0-07f1-49cb-b3f0-f25cee19cedb · outbound

This paper cites Masked autoencoders that listen,.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation Masked autoencoders that listen,

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:54.821484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ce65895-bc2c-499b-97a2-305b3e1a28a4 · outbound

This paper cites HeAR -- Health Acoustic Representations.

Foundation Model Hidden Representations for Heart Rate Estimation from Auscultation HeAR -- Health Acoustic Representations

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:50:54.909052Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation d5b51e93-0cff-4166-8114-b7a131a078d6 · inbound