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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 50 of 50 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.23561.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.23561 v1

Coverage vector

measured 50 of 50 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z

measured 52 of 52 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T10:05:10.309553Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T11:38:05.615659Z

Reference resolution

50 of 50 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved48
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7f0d3e58-9117-4832-aaf3-a44fbb47e16a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.602217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.693978Z digest=sha256:80330715cf3b1285d08cc515f2fec6c99a79349e9c11c2d9742409ccbe546911

Observation 6c4d0816-2c71-469b-bb88-a39f1fa50420 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.432778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.800757Z digest=sha256:47789ee3ad6c7f4df82ede9bc6a54e9763a0ee3acd773b15df2b13c6ca3b6969

Observation 2e46fb92-cefd-48cc-8bfd-7d876c7b60af · outbound

This paper cites Here's a Free Lunch: Sanitizing Backdoored Models with Model Merge.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Here's a Free Lunch: Sanitizing Backdoored Models with Model Merge

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:13.899297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.899297Z digest=sha256:4614ade58984e68164461fc81b9e4b9b5d7a5160d933b72c6c3f0ab91a9dd723

Observation 4c8b477c-832f-41a1-8450-47c8e09715fd · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Qwen Technical Report

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:13.986300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:13.986300Z digest=sha256:34bc7180d5aec7af3e82fe0f4893ce62378b1843fef99e9158388cbd12873534

Observation 6acf0a50-fd6e-4657-b3af-d64b733adaa9 · outbound

This paper cites BadPre: Task-agnostic Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained NLP Foundation Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadPre: Task-agnostic Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained NLP Foundation Models

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.057301Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.057301Z digest=sha256:5d5beb16dbf5ad75223141b959d95b217a787b15e7639f3e1cca058427467a99

Observation 122aca9f-7cbc-436a-a84d-7f5432689998 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.163455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.163455Z digest=sha256:792a00daa9a883317d874c774094187950200034a61339534b27aba4859fa563

Observation 797edc12-481f-4f6d-ad2f-9df398226fc8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.273813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.242518Z digest=sha256:a85394908048a2b46167a5396f66c00ff2e749ddb4f2440b98fe627ebf362223

Observation c8b8ca49-82e1-44e6-96e1-bcd6d9cfcfbc · outbound

This paper cites DELLA-Merging: Reducing Interference in Model Merging through Magnitude-Based Sampling.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models DELLA-Merging: Reducing Interference in Model Merging through Magnitude-Based Sampling

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.350555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.350555Z digest=sha256:00cbf0c43b0bacc991c2f0ca310953f5dcd8c0a463bcdfe3e8a42e84e63f9617

Observation 70c6f83e-680c-4fee-a741-650da0bf8f12 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:22.040158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.461049Z digest=sha256:09b0218e64f066a03b51456c8cbcaa7ea7fa6b6887a488ed8a6310bb3751fd43

Observation 83e96470-e45e-45ac-9790-37df9915383d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:21.827998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.525259Z digest=sha256:c4ca17e2f13ea2351f5759732f0cce9ad43398a9f9cf861e638e7b60beb3b2db

Observation 60284a90-ff1a-485d-a879-a944b35ab9cb · outbound

This paper cites BadNets: Identifying Vulnerabilities in the Machine Learning Model Supply Chain.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadNets: Identifying Vulnerabilities in the Machine Learning Model Supply Chain

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.631580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.631580Z digest=sha256:a1a5666913814e5399450ba831860ec7e863366a71b065011b9ff9ef801df125

Observation b3c169b7-3ea2-4a6c-96b8-fb5787742296 · outbound

This paper cites SCALE-UP: An Efficient Black-box Input-level Backdoor Detection via Analyzing Scaled Prediction Consistency.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models SCALE-UP: An Efficient Black-box Input-level Backdoor Detection via Analyzing Scaled Prediction Consistency

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.724774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.724774Z digest=sha256:ecf2f26d7c39ed51ca69835f1f1e4c22e3fb114e6fffe16765bbe700cbd58469

Observation 7bab8c33-e09a-4ba8-a0fb-3c811ac4d076 · outbound

This paper cites Composite Backdoor Attacks Against Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Composite Backdoor Attacks Against Large Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.815514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.815514Z digest=sha256:68ea690c7421f72920a1df27d386405f87310edb10e713a80f58c92b5746f8c4

Observation 79c1b52f-28ef-4ebe-b102-724fe08128d2 · outbound

This paper cites Lawyer LLaMA Technical Report.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Lawyer LLaMA Technical Report

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.903159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.903159Z digest=sha256:fd506d7d4b8fcf03e72caa4fbd7e557a8758234005e8dbfc458522c58ff6e93c

Observation 36ccc6a4-8b7a-4f57-9820-8c94decb7d5b · outbound

This paper cites Editing Models with Task Arithmetic.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Editing Models with Task Arithmetic

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:14.987844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:14.987844Z digest=sha256:7ac0f2e0a5753ac37a6f664b2220195c0aea05e99771254cef787d6bc5eaaa23

Observation 8fd8d335-7d11-454b-8c7b-c03785fead1b · outbound

This paper cites Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.086856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.086856Z digest=sha256:b9993cdf316a4a29a61ec3a3e046818ff1aa755ebd813330d895eef462dd7d00

Observation 83528510-2044-476a-aa85-25eeaebd8dea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:21.472996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.178603Z digest=sha256:841778b50a2ab34d034913e3151d84053d36bed87038c114a1d38988ee1568f8

Observation 450d7339-62b7-46c8-a576-d70a1c294c73 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Mistral 7B

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.244085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.244085Z digest=sha256:3d366f4f6ad8e1a3e07b21caf9768cdda1e6723296c8a17084c374974114a45d

Observation 912b481f-c6ec-4061-95b4-ef63f4ff0f8c · outbound

This paper cites CleanGen: Mitigating Backdoor Attacks for Generation Tasks in Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models CleanGen: Mitigating Backdoor Attacks for Generation Tasks in Large Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.362800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.362800Z digest=sha256:12c8b41b59cb2e49be5574edc664e9d6b86290167f502b00a02a7a9c447fd5d5

Observation 32040036-1434-4e38-8918-f5dd16937f89 · outbound

This paper cites Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.436062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.436062Z digest=sha256:38b6980f67cf8dec1d9b2467f0a81761b712bff27964d27acaa2ab81bd9c3c82

Observation 9183bd86-2785-44ee-a794-60d21b3f351b · outbound

This paper cites LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystem.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystem

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.563187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.563187Z digest=sha256:435726509a2e96c481e7165771c6e0d41727583ac410a4e652dddce62bb8a82d

Observation 4276fcd2-08a7-4e5a-869f-48d675dbf236 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:21.174769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.621816Z digest=sha256:f5ed327c59dacc3d0271d24e96e068f76c6ea18868eba23df6ddd4db150ff6c5

Observation c1b6bdf9-bdf5-4b8f-a228-b64a77d1812e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.938528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.715639Z digest=sha256:963e21cb98bd92538f7fd07126188c14a0ccab9c9efdd3ab1fd4072cecd89051

Observation 15c53ae5-6c1d-4a3c-adfe-4dd50ec74692 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Large Language Model Fine-tuning for Solving Math Problems.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Improving Large Language Model Fine-tuning for Solving Math Problems

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:15.805007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.805007Z digest=sha256:c08d29f1e4b593ce351f3678e956807bd61b57afe4c272ca5eccb9d4aeec789e

Observation cbec3f81-1507-4073-b573-03260797374c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.718390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.891571Z digest=sha256:0caf8528c04fe1e89d84da5b2fc154f245827280964278e32264c05c90155256

Observation 0a5def35-8596-4b5b-a987-b8b146215fd2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.534988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:15.965811Z digest=sha256:d37d841ced105a877c4e3603adee65f88c8dc8ccc1cc33977150678b4ef07f64

Observation d28e90b0-fba3-4e07-a033-1a758f9d6c28 · outbound

This paper cites Hidden Killer: Invisible Textual Backdoor Attacks with Syntactic Trigger.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Hidden Killer: Invisible Textual Backdoor Attacks with Syntactic Trigger

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.087638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.087638Z digest=sha256:2fce9aadcd89d95eacda9b430ffbcf051c0d141c6131a823e647da0a73d3a982

Observation f8f4b374-06fb-4c64-9209-d88f499887f4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.192239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.192239Z digest=sha256:8e47c335bf010debff3adf8bea94d767b4e5c0f80c358553501ff0a077ecab67

Observation 87e2d3cd-b5a2-4fb9-a928-9106961aa022 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.370283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.270706Z digest=sha256:f365c852a6bde14166beeee7d7ea2602fec5c595d7ed1b751605208acc90c3be

Observation 54c745f4-3050-477b-8068-f03bf4ceca12 · outbound

This paper cites Backdoor Pre-trained Models Can Transfer to All.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Backdoor Pre-trained Models Can Transfer to All

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.387648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.387648Z digest=sha256:700d474633a7b24559d1843674b8a0ac5d5b9f4d511bfc135b1498e7ec271432

Observation efce6e4a-a467-4b81-ba43-4873f940c9e4 · outbound

This paper cites BadGPT: Exploring Security Vulnerabilities of ChatGPT via Backdoor Attacks to InstructGPT.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadGPT: Exploring Security Vulnerabilities of ChatGPT via Backdoor Attacks to InstructGPT

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.463357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.463357Z digest=sha256:47d0f8b97283005e67f1392a35cc438f5f0e8a2b1ac503734fb241842422ab19

Observation 94678c49-a97c-4893-a29e-7625c3932f6c · outbound

This paper cites Natural Backdoor Attack on Text Data.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Natural Backdoor Attack on Text Data

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.564496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.564496Z digest=sha256:df874f4d0bf68f0199e79af28ac9e72b9819042e62db03675549c4e9a6efe378

Observation 8f37c53e-4e42-4872-8ad7-8768f1cbb690 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.682266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.682266Z digest=sha256:ac76d1dd09095a5d658ff1f183ed4ea31ab77678470e3173b7e0744d2b622b7a

Observation bb41e4cd-3760-4d38-bda8-7dbc1c2cf741 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Post-training of Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models A Survey on Post-training of Large Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.796706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.796706Z digest=sha256:c442f5c04409208939c4f687cde138d1ff81438b7d70e813680edc01a67de528

Observation b5a90ace-7812-4599-8dfd-9454d2acda22 · outbound

This paper cites OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:16.930344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.930344Z digest=sha256:5d81d36477a69a7a55c527ba33f2cead3d3cdcd02ca087fb2a88649a7761c1e3

Observation 410606ef-b8cb-4e68-9396-c3383456b174 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.192074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:16.989693Z digest=sha256:2de9b6d56d9ca8f635e335fcb4d759bd6092b650025eab24c26f25b697b2ea31

Observation 06bd2291-f7f5-40c6-b46f-44af44752bf4 · outbound

This paper cites BadAgent: Inserting and Activating Backdoor Attacks in LLM Agents.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadAgent: Inserting and Activating Backdoor Attacks in LLM Agents

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.082771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.082771Z digest=sha256:745d9cd50b79cee806ca323b77af98d18aad5149563ee2c231349f23b0cbf13e

Observation b3b8316c-34af-4bf1-8997-0cf804b4ed73 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:20.038255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.190393Z digest=sha256:a6767db5ccb1a03f798fe0eae8cde73ad02d954b9fa306c0e0204ec42b5b1344

Observation 40d570c1-83d7-445c-a17a-f11a18c32c15 · outbound

This paper cites Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunities.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunities

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.286060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.286060Z digest=sha256:63b04e77250021748107d5af1a53ce9b0415aa041316213dec6694820aeb3948

Observation d41db963-ae11-4a02-8fde-67a7f7aeec66 · outbound

This paper cites LoBAM: LoRA-Based Backdoor Attack on Model Merging.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models LoBAM: LoRA-Based Backdoor Attack on Model Merging

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.381752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.381752Z digest=sha256:55ead27eb56cff00a62c96c99273c55b1b9f539184dd7862512911b80c7041ea

Observation f58c5256-928a-4900-b765-b2a2ddaf0623 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:19.866248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.472251Z digest=sha256:7047f84b2ba6af60e66335ee22773bdfc556082faad2a6200fd0a33ee153199d

Observation e021420d-0969-4ad8-92b9-c4ecd9881c5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:17.522018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.522018Z digest=sha256:fcd26bf7fb7c8b4177b9b669cd7b7adbf016c2451104051c645a345bebbc10d6

Observation e8e11dcf-316f-4a1c-beeb-e7ed34875fd1 · outbound

This paper cites Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained Unified Foundation Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained Unified Foundation Models

Reference 43

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.802405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.530699Z digest=sha256:29eb75703746140183b27adf59de8127e85a975bc1384322f4e1b47574db12ce

Observation 5bc63c3d-ca04-4b37-a019-6d0c8586e2e4 · outbound

This paper cites BadToken: Token-level Backdoor Attacks to Multi-modal Large Language Models.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadToken: Token-level Backdoor Attacks to Multi-modal Large Language Models

Reference 44

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.598405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.634556Z digest=sha256:61a04037923fabd9cb9bc09c2256bcb990c298cd2a16c0438ba519ae9d80eec4

Observation b9c159d5-f586-40b6-bac1-4eaa004b529e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:19.673919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.743822Z digest=sha256:a9532e8d9b35c18e1cd20cd31d80356b762c3dbcc1a5aa998635ad7f8d351d62

Observation aab23a1c-03bc-44ac-95ce-cef3c6e453a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:19.435511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:17.945186Z digest=sha256:8faced37158438378f8a1d4a893f62ebe0b6b1b39f36e3922608ed1e0a5bfa23

Observation 7ccd69a6-3948-4348-846b-b6b1ad5df634 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.124491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.124491Z digest=sha256:2d0ed2c99aeb6932db9df14f5a6496b17e389617350e998009c61b2459e3d113

Observation 37612cec-ca52-40cc-ae6f-810bc7c7e8ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.187357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.187357Z digest=sha256:9801c9a98e803084f864725bff3f544726c082e0778da3c6306894dc2fefeda7

Observation 01995b97-26fe-470a-b7a2-684d3b70c197 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.290076Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.290076Z digest=sha256:f26dfc7a201b58d1a3c532e0fb5270985881f570953bd4b78b5b2bfb7cd553e5

Observation 899eec16-0269-495c-a375-8e4d0cdf62fd · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models write newline

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z digest=sha256:cd05d77125638bae4d55a12e676d7acd3a295a413179bb593ed9d710bf019e05

Pith citing papers

Observation 936b7c5e-7ee8-4f31-beaf-2ec2303afdb1 · inbound

RogueMerge: Robust and Unified Attacks against LLM Model Merging cites this paper.

RogueMerge: Robust and Unified Attacks against LLM Model Merging Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models

Reference 14

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T03:26:29.008907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-28T10:05:10.309553Z digest=sha256:2b9a7122ff11e08bb15a91fac96debcf6980c3fb5634c5dccccb136fa8cf8d95

Observation 62907152-6ace-4d7e-b61e-75d29ae90fc5 · inbound

From Parameters to Feature Space: Task Arithmetic for Backdoor Mitigation in Model Merging cites this paper.

From Parameters to Feature Space: Task Arithmetic for Backdoor Mitigation in Model Merging Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T11:38:05.617172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-27T09:24:00.948230Z digest=sha256:9e1608d791ef8b5c8de39fd5608d36a481d74c431626913a2e2fae6a72c52e11