Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 19 of 19 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.10268.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.10268 v1

Coverage vector

measured 19 of 19 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.048923Z

measured 20 of 20 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T17:10:42.857410Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

19 of 19 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy14
unresolved4
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fa1ee647-05e3-4106-8d45-e879a745ee1a · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:06.985404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e719155a-cea6-4633-b127-1b842f2c0ed7 · outbound

This paper cites The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku, 2024.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku, 2024

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.281671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 7b0a5bfc-14f3-43f8-944f-a01667951d69 · outbound

This paper cites Claude 3.5 sonnet, 2024.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Claude 3.5 sonnet, 2024

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.270689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d748f4c0-0876-42e7-9c92-f2b5812fb86d · outbound

This paper cites Revealing human inductive biases for category learning by simulating cultural transmission.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21:785–793, 2014.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Revealing human inductive biases for category learning by simulating cultural transmission.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21:785–793, 2014

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.261170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b4583f74-a16c-4758-9685-1bf87b088a4f · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:06.998964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3bd0eb38-5ba1-491b-8664-ee66bc7f68cd · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic relaxation, gibbs distributions, and the bayesian restoration of images.IEEE Trans.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Stochastic relaxation, gibbs distributions, and the bayesian restoration of images.IEEE Trans

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.250936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a41c522f-7de2-45be-930a-b4d75e01a0a8 · outbound

This paper cites Using category structures to test iterated learning as a method for identifying inductive biases.Cognitive Science, 32(1):68–107, 2008.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Using category structures to test iterated learning as a method for identifying inductive biases.Cognitive Science, 32(1):68–107, 2008

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.239064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f15f81b0-15a7-45cf-80a3-39b457642d66 · outbound

This paper cites Language evolution by iterated learning with bayesian agents.Cognitive science, 31(3):441–480, 2007.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Language evolution by iterated learning with bayesian agents.Cognitive science, 31(3):441–480, 2007

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.226926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a42e63ee-a329-4944-9d87-0a0228d2b988 · outbound

This paper cites Iterated learning: Intergen- erational knowledge transmission reveals inductive biases.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(2):288–294, 2007.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Iterated learning: Intergen- erational knowledge transmission reveals inductive biases.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(2):288–294, 2007

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.215430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a3ad6de9-3caf-4699-843e-ed511ba4f16c · outbound

This paper cites The wisdom of individuals: Exploring people’s knowledge about everyday events using iterated learning.Cognitive science, 33(6):969–998, 2009.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models The wisdom of individuals: Exploring people’s knowledge about everyday events using iterated learning.Cognitive science, 33(6):969–998, 2009

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.204690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 052ed367-9f2f-458b-b246-e04f13cd73a0 · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-4o mini: advancing cost-efficient intelligence, 2024.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Gpt-4o mini: advancing cost-efficient intelligence, 2024

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.193656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 88c2daf8-f84c-46a7-bb61-87ed3a1ce3fa · outbound

This paper cites Hello gpt-4o, 2024.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Hello gpt-4o, 2024

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.181334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 0cce1e93-c546-4bd2-8c7e-10c4a290a4a5 · outbound

This paper cites The evolution of frequency distributions: Relating regularization to inductive biases through iterated learning.Cognition, 111(3):317–328, 2009.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models The evolution of frequency distributions: Relating regularization to inductive biases through iterated learning.Cognition, 111(3):317–328, 2009

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.170883Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 10861c5c-4ccb-420d-a908-334db443e06f · outbound

This paper cites Markov chain monte carlo with people.Advances in neural information processing systems, 20, 2007.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Markov chain monte carlo with people.Advances in neural information processing systems, 20, 2007

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.158962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ab1fae9c-2115-47b2-877e-ed038b8ec2d6 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.035405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1219c7cc-095c-4efa-a8ff-89d30d98a996 · outbound

This paper cites Probing BERT’s priors with serial reproduction chains.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Probing BERT’s priors with serial reproduction chains

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.146951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c3580dc4-51f7-4165-b958-765a0205a360 · outbound

This paper cites Identifying expectations about the strength of causal relationships.Cognitive psychology, 76:1–29, 2015.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Identifying expectations about the strength of causal relationships.Cognitive psychology, 76:1–29, 2015

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.136464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f6eb4c20-b254-4fc3-abd7-162c8976a3ba · outbound

This paper cites Eliciting the Priors of Large Language Models using Iterated In-Context Learning.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Eliciting the Priors of Large Language Models using Iterated In-Context Learning

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.045171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 62cbc11c-4e06-411e-a6f6-52640bbf479d · outbound

This paper cites Recovering Mental Representations from Large Language Models with Markov Chain Monte Carlo.

Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models Recovering Mental Representations from Large Language Models with Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:36:07.081650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation ac92f2db-fbca-4dbe-bab7-43026ce893c4 · inbound

Tractable Asymmetric Verification for Large Language Models via Deterministic Replicability cites this paper.

Tractable Asymmetric Verification for Large Language Models via Deterministic Replicability Do Language Models Have Bayesian Brains? Distinguishing Stochastic and Deterministic Decision Patterns within Large Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:10:42.857410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.