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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 63 of 63 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.11068.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.11068 v1

Coverage vector

measured 63 of 63 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.363865Z

measured 63 of 63 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

63 of 63 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy1
  • unresolved61
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0734df23-869b-4bb4-a1a9-69fb1629dff3 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.157747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.157747Z digest=sha256:d1015c9425e2d56ab9f9842660fe6e4d20a6a3d1142108fd59a6db5c63833d54

Observation 78292d5b-c586-4760-a10c-6a34f5707366 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models write newline

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.161696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.161696Z digest=sha256:42317b46faac1acf32074df6cd962c329d4187ece8856c22c195bb8dac72f2b4

Observation 4461ca6f-d596-400f-b491-31da7ef5e870 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.200157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation adc25498-9b1d-45f7-b709-1b0a33237a7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.190628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 39daf1f3-a327-4858-b0de-0671eb7a42e9 · outbound

This paper cites Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.174569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.174569Z digest=sha256:4a10f5b41a616825fa31fab717a9eff8d829c59487b9694b9bad79e3a5bdf992

Observation ed5adfb2-dd59-41cf-9ad5-d50053eb5f35 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.181144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation c99621c3-2706-4c26-be36-a893b2caa1a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.171265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 957e2863-9131-4677-a1f0-4e31bbd9ab42 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.161587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.185101Z digest=sha256:28221c618456717770537a4dc39e410b0e3a2a05ff445f63c4e292f1263d7dd6

Observation 4c9e710c-7a5d-430e-81a9-6d85c50f549b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.150975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation bded5841-9a08-44ec-acf5-9401a1fb22b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.141136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation c7d0e5e1-1aaf-42b0-b6bb-31f54fbdff05 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 425a3c00-fb26-4a1b-be14-f2c735ba32b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.120599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.199010Z digest=sha256:275dc6b3127d7bca3fa3e7c52ebf977426a15bde5c0723ced7b050ec7b4e7059

Observation ae67170c-fb4f-49fb-b47b-0d89229a655d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.110507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.202098Z digest=sha256:5bc94790afbefac1bd9a4441b6aad5ca4e88f4a8f4920c53a5abd9d507b9067b

Observation 9dca37fc-f69f-4205-86b2-0c08837d71db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.099472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.205018Z digest=sha256:27360e4d88dd11507729ff8b7c7ddab6c429c3b4375a7cf0d090a579869eb379

Observation 89622780-0804-421d-831c-ebe1712b44fe · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.208637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.208637Z digest=sha256:a52509df5595b24999340367405e842fc1608281a0439211ff46e0858f016aec

Observation bbc7e453-7c54-4c26-ab2b-f02b982e6169 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.086357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation c8e62b31-9954-4962-a2c0-aacac2ce2a1b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.069039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.214423Z digest=sha256:7fbc6494a62d0da3f44a410b123b64b57a40e136d78a4c6d13d1cf1e594deb05

Observation ca20d59f-0702-47ba-8f88-c6b9be826be1 · outbound

This paper cites Intrinsic Bias Metrics Do Not Correlate with Application Bias.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Intrinsic Bias Metrics Do Not Correlate with Application Bias

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.217326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.217326Z digest=sha256:9bfc16664c6f9c7191e90a5863efd874a524c54db17fb7ac0bf02f90170b2b69

Observation a2347ef7-b656-4101-aeb6-821a74eb7458 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:03:00.037243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.220873Z digest=sha256:ac47a05a4e896f376acc4123e3812b562fcdefee8c54e1999940ef55d43dec7c

Observation f4c28a15-8202-4596-8493-14404e800916 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.999346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation f9d29beb-6b74-4449-b3e7-e98c5fcf24bb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.989029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation bb577d10-83b7-4433-be24-b743a952d811 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.978396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation f0433f20-b36b-4dec-9da0-0ec34fead91a · outbound

This paper cites Conditional and Modal Reasoning in Large Language Models.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Conditional and Modal Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.233200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 660cc007-3d53-482f-af9f-5c1186326715 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.967333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 711b8b75-09a8-4b88-91bd-6c70b73cca38 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.955928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 533baca4-9173-4ca6-8f3d-81fa4a1b0c49 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.945479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 43b66d89-893f-4e06-afa4-f2aadcff8f86 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.934221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 3c16a9dc-b897-44b1-8739-aab78958774a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.922357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.248489Z digest=sha256:cd702965c234d642d0413ac7881c7318715c7ed4d26c0342e857e38ba7d26c23

Observation f92f44b3-f51a-4f17-b430-c699c9f4178f · outbound

This paper cites Last Layer Re-Training is Sufficient for Robustness to Spurious Correlations.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Last Layer Re-Training is Sufficient for Robustness to Spurious Correlations

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.251546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.251546Z digest=sha256:25ebc56e623d30805557941a0e92101b65d872fb05c49e3c1d6dd8d489e077b4

Observation a3b21da8-a459-426e-83f2-44d4354d83f8 · outbound

This paper cites Parameter-efficient Modularised Bias Mitigation via AdapterFusion.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Parameter-efficient Modularised Bias Mitigation via AdapterFusion

Reference 30

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.625362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.254976Z digest=sha256:c6ccdc72de75f4150852d8915b46f254d7d28e96a9faf07340064fe15cb7a839

Observation 3c1718dc-a838-4370-9387-ceea9b88d50b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.911341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.258296Z digest=sha256:110fbc7cd6079c05882ae7fdda23beb6f7acf0fd7dae488f88c96695fd22f13c

Observation 89b9cf62-6c86-4a1e-86d7-8967416e8aff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.899088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 9472599d-685b-479f-bcda-9df46412e9cd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.887482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.264893Z digest=sha256:6da37b6dc4444a69b0ea26f200645a7736e4ee044ac7ad1645b16609e38365ef

Observation 77aa0aa8-7a2e-402d-979b-bc794d308ec7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.877006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.268320Z digest=sha256:d31688cc094cd645d991270a123e7d028e5418cfc36d5c9c737390e9b72a8abd

Observation 9bd9bd6c-a534-4bf1-84b0-72de513a113c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.271432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.271432Z digest=sha256:40fc2054c65a8d55c0718e31f95de077cbb32e4eefd903db40f4951a34b20a80

Observation f09aecac-377f-4433-9b3e-adfbe978955a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.859489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.274414Z digest=sha256:ee3f5dc33ff2a51b586a934b551787ba4cd2cbc525ef92db5c5f46077c8b1793

Observation fad6072e-5251-40bc-a839-ecb977b1813e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.848818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.277578Z digest=sha256:c8ffa632944d63f0c9aaf3ce4de30396f663504fe7986cf891f745db114d1072

Observation 6528a001-1f67-431a-832e-79364838c7e0 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models as Knowledge Bases?.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Language Models as Knowledge Bases?

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.280749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.280749Z digest=sha256:9b46b52fa8c62f4dba0ad0e4d86b7c94ab91a69d54ea027b701389873bd21d1d

Observation ab27f308-5861-4603-bb34-24b77c6a41e6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.838599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.284570Z digest=sha256:680ea29c1bc49205fd63e6ec779dd14b67b8f19a0f31e64de95def0c283e542f

Observation c303e3a5-2c74-45d8-ba43-a392f803173c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.826949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.288181Z digest=sha256:2ee22b5ac949ca37f21a225776780191a1a036f265091196123378d023494e4c

Observation d1d8b39f-8be1-4915-a1b1-19f920c89558 · outbound

This paper cites Ethical Reasoning over Moral Alignment: A Case and Framework for In-Context Ethical Policies in LLMs.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Ethical Reasoning over Moral Alignment: A Case and Framework for In-Context Ethical Policies in LLMs

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.291143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.291143Z digest=sha256:ba5cb0d7daadc8b6dbdf0d898a9988597a7f36c7157c18a70de2a16e6b880107

Observation 315db7e2-d8a0-4cb9-bf6f-359589edbb95 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.294219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.294219Z digest=sha256:d162d17391042446b21a4fd0781890b077273fd9770878925eb99a9eddc3c979

Observation 7ffc8278-a1ad-4234-b3e4-047f58beff05 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.816386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.297380Z digest=sha256:e1db7fa66539b142f65338747eaa4703faf7cefb14cebcf9d4e82d68ba68b131

Observation 5353b904-ac57-4d73-95b8-1a73b0fcfe33 · outbound

This paper cites Normative Evaluation of Large Language Models with Everyday Moral Dilemmas.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Normative Evaluation of Large Language Models with Everyday Moral Dilemmas

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.300852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.300852Z digest=sha256:3762bbe3791888d776c5dfa51aaf530ea28615fc2b1bb0f4104438d23e77cbc7

Observation 0f658e23-3c7e-4579-bed9-2665bb717e4c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.806645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.304497Z digest=sha256:ef360032cfd8b1980da18424ab3c56fd77719109a407330eab2e5d4faa66d87e

Observation 0675f39b-0803-4aa5-aa98-f9b89f843cdc · outbound

This paper cites Constitutional Classifiers: Defending against Universal Jailbreaks across Thousands of Hours of Red Teaming.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Constitutional Classifiers: Defending against Universal Jailbreaks across Thousands of Hours of Red Teaming

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.307669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.307669Z digest=sha256:58d37074578467f60e621ae583944495ee82bc6d3609560a2caff537620ce643

Observation 5ac589b9-1623-4adf-ac9e-cb3d003e45a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.796632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.311032Z digest=sha256:fa024396149cf8d4841f7075aa4264acc7d056ae29e012f988db6f4b6c228c14

Observation 6baf1874-41b2-451e-b415-d74c26ed0b42 · outbound

This paper cites Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.313948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.313948Z digest=sha256:5ca2713aa8ccfc704345f79aaa312b608d6d22a09d2fdd313d977b45d3b7921d

Observation 90d5d3e4-3c03-47d9-9297-b2b6d27107ff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.785202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.317314Z digest=sha256:42d28ac7f9d7c96304ea8342c74ae6d1d04ec33df59f3c64b0734ade6fa234c3

Observation 131e2ae7-f2f6-45c4-b4ea-bf4db2e36433 · outbound

This paper cites Hashimoto.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Hashimoto

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.774166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.321141Z digest=sha256:6fbdafc71d96812bf7d93d5cd7d3a9c73d1b984885f1f3c234d094d9c71cf903

Observation 624aabe7-a0d1-4b36-8dd9-4526a2ad6f0a · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.324425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.324425Z digest=sha256:cbead6c23898811877fd50b3c5825c74f6f99b32e127a1789266903efdd416f1

Observation 3e4143a3-c4ef-41dd-959a-cf5c13e897bc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.763208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.328678Z digest=sha256:11c683cbb1b198bf3bb85147e6d6b0ecb379f5730429c7270745c9faa41094e6

Observation fbd5d0c6-b986-4ff5-98cc-dc466d59c206 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.751623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.331572Z digest=sha256:9e19e18e918c2c36bd013590dd221e0468e95a87fa7a8b8aedf1d12a7728e183

Observation 26963acc-6c74-4cf1-91f0-10fa720b07ed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.740755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.334766Z digest=sha256:731932b4ced91c586b0f2b076c4ff8a0bbc22efd8217c1c0b48d91165847ab05

Observation 1b77a526-a55a-4e31-9120-361927b5eb96 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.728890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.337703Z digest=sha256:258aa4d53f82456b636447647cdab48cc210e3f372f4c0ed96b973033249ac27

Observation dde842e8-73ba-4fbc-bdfe-2f6d7d71a576 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.718537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.340913Z digest=sha256:499cd467351e1d7998565b7559b861fd4fceb2c4c2134f3cf45af55bba1b6c90

Observation f963c6a9-bd52-4a58-ad55-b7a5de376b3f · outbound

This paper cites Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learners.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learners

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.344032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.344032Z digest=sha256:46f724438843f43f98e97fa715139ec288ab83a6a335d399dae067fc963cac24

Observation dcc9b631-3f63-4a61-8c94-9e74a1ec8faa · outbound

This paper cites Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.347262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.347262Z digest=sha256:56f29b8cd3e683fa1c6653c3201f1c1e394185666ad18b5520a27b77f514b796

Observation d56607d6-649a-4ffc-949c-a6f131c21aeb · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.351133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.351133Z digest=sha256:50a91fd0b59e8b09716200c535f9bf05f33b246ed44bdcc530d9d86195ae5bbc

Observation b0294053-7a04-4cf4-9534-89e5f33c9471 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.707479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.354359Z digest=sha256:52088b2a3f51cbbc380448530ffd91fc2abf5f3f126b678a1f512845c7e2f711

Observation 7c4aee6d-641b-47d0-bcc9-e50867f1e194 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.696427Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.357610Z digest=sha256:15ef13bd60e2ee90a817dea402a61ab538dbc53ad3b236330e0242e8c3abfd33

Observation 72d5d34f-85ff-40bc-a7c7-3316e13bcecc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.685508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.360912Z digest=sha256:5058ac199ed046677f94b710d167a5c69b5e1824d9e08bd86f966406f1ade2ed

Observation f2b45aa9-404e-4b77-b4b6-44e12faacc93 · outbound

This paper cites Rethinking Machine Ethics -- Can LLMs Perform Moral Reasoning through the Lens of Moral Theories?.

Deontological Keyword Bias: The Impact of Modal Expressions on Normative Judgments of Language Models Rethinking Machine Ethics -- Can LLMs Perform Moral Reasoning through the Lens of Moral Theories?

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:02:59.363865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:02:59.363865Z digest=sha256:1cb06184f490443152c204b0a9d0bae9620ed61d3bec693f16f0dcf6480cbb80

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.