Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 20 of 20 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.13596.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.13596 v2

Coverage vector

measured 20 of 20 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.623284Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.561584Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.844759Z

Reference resolution

20 of 20 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy6
unresolved12
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation afaf6922-b192-48df-a304-27323c6b171a · outbound

This paper cites Their ability to model long- range dependencies and generate coherent, contextually rich language has made them foundational in both research and industry.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Their ability to model long- range dependencies and generate coherent, contextually rich language has made them foundational in both research and industry

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.927552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 2c0e4cad-a14e-409c-a762-73f95fde709a · outbound

This paper cites Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.848298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 2ded4500-6f7e-4ea8-88bf-1c7a402c968e · outbound

This paper cites Models 3.1.1.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Models 3.1.1

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.917616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 6967e6e5-f665-4e03-8704-31f371941e99 · outbound

This paper cites Main results The main results are illustrated in Table 1.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Main results The main results are illustrated in Table 1

Reference 4

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.833896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 9f048b8b-99a5-41df-aa59-18fba7cdf494 · outbound

This paper cites Our three-stage train- ing methodology and modular architecture enable flexible experimentation and optimization of different system con- figurations.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Our three-stage train- ing methodology and modular architecture enable flexible experimentation and optimization of different system con- figurations

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.907913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 94b9d2cd-8eac-4c39-b2ef-8c094a740254 · outbound

This paper cites We also acknowledge the computational re- sources provided by the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), A∗STAR, Singapore, which made this research pos- sible.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems We also acknowledge the computational re- sources provided by the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), A∗STAR, Singapore, which made this research pos- sible

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.897423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation b496a1f5-6fd4-4893-be2c-cfc4d1b0b435 · outbound

This paper cites Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models,.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.887765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 81335691-8719-43c6-8586-be0c75618775 · outbound

This paper cites Visual instruction tuning,.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Visual instruction tuning,

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.583858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7259589f-7cbe-4026-9077-cea26d732844 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA-Adapter V2: Parameter-Efficient Visual Instruction Model.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems LLaMA-Adapter V2: Parameter-Efficient Visual Instruction Model

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.587180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbcc31c6-0ce2-4c77-ad72-c436015e019c · outbound

This paper cites An Embarrassingly Simple Approach for LLM with Strong ASR Capacity.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems An Embarrassingly Simple Approach for LLM with Strong ASR Capacity

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.590557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c87bb352-e085-4d01-b5c2-2f337217acc2 · outbound

This paper cites AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.594014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44da783c-e78a-4b14-aae0-861b11a2a48f · outbound

This paper cites MERaLiON-AudioLLM: Bridging Audio and Language with Large Language Models.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems MERaLiON-AudioLLM: Bridging Audio and Language with Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.597373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 007f6a55-cbfe-40d1-98c7-4fbfe3276253 · outbound

This paper cites Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision,.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision,

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.601011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6b8ff50-ba3f-4370-abf3-9e504efe4b14 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.604262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a4cd6446-8c6a-4f28-90af-64f8f69a54d6 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 3 Technical Report.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Gemma 3 Technical Report

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.607609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2960ff3-961f-4057-93d3-95508fb34e4d · outbound

This paper cites GLU Variants Improve Transformer.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems GLU Variants Improve Transformer

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.611129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0b37b7d8-cf95-4bf8-91e7-ca9f29e68f2f · outbound

This paper cites FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioning.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioning

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.614444Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2b8c1a8-33bb-44c6-963b-bdeea8e82a07 · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.617432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fcf489c0-66ec-464c-afb2-0998beca507d · outbound

This paper cites Specaugment: A simple data aug- mentation method for automatic speech recognition,.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Specaugment: A simple data aug- mentation method for automatic speech recognition,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.859857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 63fec9e9-1536-4d96-9c4a-67c4ada7f3b9 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-4 Technical Report.

Qwen vs. Gemma Integration with Whisper: A Comparative Study in Multilingual SpeechLLM Systems Phi-4 Technical Report

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:33:13.623284Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 2c0e4cad-a14e-409c-a762-73f95fde709a · inbound