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Breaking even with magic: demonstration of a high-fidelity logical non-Clifford gate

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arxiv 2506.14688 v1 pith:POHXUI7M submitted 2025-06-17 quant-ph

classification quant-ph
keywords quantumlogicalmagicstatestimeserrorinfidelityoverhead
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Encoding quantum information to protect it from errors is essential for performing large-scale quantum computations. Performing a universal set of quantum gates on encoded states demands a potentially large resource overhead and minimizing this overhead is key for the practical development of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers. We propose and experimentally implement a magic-state preparation protocol to fault-tolerantly prepare a pair of logical magic states in a [[6,2,2]] quantum error-detecting code using only eight physical qubits. Implementing this protocol on H1-1, a 20 qubit trapped-ion quantum processor, we prepare magic states with experimental infidelity $7^{+3}_{-1}\times 10^{-5}$ with a $14.8^{+1}_{-1}\%$ discard rate and use these to perform a fault-tolerant non-Clifford gate, the controlled-Hadamard (CH), with logical infidelity $\leq 2.3^{+9}_{-9}\times 10^{-4}$. Notably, this significantly outperforms the unencoded physical CH infidelity of $10^{-3}$. Through circuit-level stabilizer simulations, we show that this protocol can be self-concatenated to produce extremely high-fidelity magic states with low space-time overhead in a [[36,4,4]] quantum error correcting code, with logical error rates of $6\times 10^{-10}$ ($5\times 10^{-14}$) at two-qubit error rate of $10^{-3}$ ($10^{-4}$) respectively.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Efficient simulation of logical magic state preparation protocols

    quant-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A classical simulation method that propagates circuit-level Pauli noise to a Clifford error makes logical magic-state preparation protocols simulable in time polynomial in qubits and the target state's stabilizer rank.

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    quant-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    GMZI-based decentralized switch designs achieve any-to-any module connectivity with half the active depth and coupler count of GMZI-Spanke switches.

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  6. Demonstration of measurement-free universal fault-tolerant quantum computation

    quant-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A trapped-ion experiment realizes measurement-free fault-tolerant logical teleportation, a universal logical gate set, and a three-logical-qubit Grover search, albeit with success below the classical baseline.

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