Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.16912.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.16912 v1

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.816643Z

measured 31 of 31 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy0
unresolved29
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation bc4503c3-99bf-4f6f-a1bc-a9ac1f8ddaef · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.657088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9fa0a9f2-60ea-4c42-a208-0a81786277e5 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.662485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3dd8d5e8-961c-42e6-a7dd-175f83e0f6bd · outbound

This paper cites xLSTM: Extended Long Short-Term Memory.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts xLSTM: Extended Long Short-Term Memory

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.667816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3459ca44-73b9-4ff9-9a0a-eb90760c9842 · outbound

This paper cites Wang, Zeb Kurth-Nelson , Charles Blundell, and Demis Hassabis.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Wang, Zeb Kurth-Nelson , Charles Blundell, and Demis Hassabis

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.674276Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96db523e-d520-4278-a320-8573456cce00 · outbound

This paper cites A Hitchhiker's Guide to Scaling Law Estimation.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts A Hitchhiker's Guide to Scaling Law Estimation

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.679531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cafc6a28-df69-46c8-92e9-7ba34614b3ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.684847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 652b67fc-365d-4544-a2c6-6144868c05a4 · outbound

This paper cites Sample-Efficient Human Evaluation of Large Language Models via Maximum Discrepancy Competition.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Sample-Efficient Human Evaluation of Large Language Models via Maximum Discrepancy Competition

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.690069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c17f2d8-892c-42fe-8552-ca543c748d33 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.695390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7c42bbf0-ec78-4e00-9c74-f91b819ee76c · outbound

This paper cites On the Scaling Laws of Geographical Representation in Language Models.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts On the Scaling Laws of Geographical Representation in Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.701262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ff4b429-a8f5-4878-a856-35f5947339dc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:56.281898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 43397b16-e22a-48e1-a268-9e4c7008d03a · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Transfer.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Scaling Laws for Transfer

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.711249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4fe0e582-b188-4d27-91ac-265934de3d15 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.717653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45133aff-f33e-4723-b893-e640564bb568 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.722798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a10d896-b618-4f09-998b-72bd7123705f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:56.245889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9dd7bb08-7ee5-4e34-aeef-a4ad72d4df23 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Struggle to Learn Long-Tail Knowledge.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Large Language Models Struggle to Learn Long-Tail Knowledge

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.732948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ff16be9d-84de-49b2-8dd8-24296ee618c7 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.739121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0ec01afa-aff1-4624-9356-05a1fef2608a · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Make Sample-Efficient Recommender Systems.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Large Language Models Make Sample-Efficient Recommender Systems

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.744472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7aafb0fc-55fc-4c1b-af8e-45a4844b6478 · outbound

This paper cites Are Sample-Efficient NLP Models More Robust?.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Are Sample-Efficient NLP Models More Robust?

Reference 18

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:56.081099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 20b50ff4-058e-43b6-a2e6-2f5fe964e9e8 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Fact Memorization of Large Language Models.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Scaling Laws for Fact Memorization of Large Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.754523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d393fcec-ba8b-4778-afac-e8d10cae1660 · outbound

This paper cites Transformers are Sample-Efficient World Models.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Transformers are Sample-Efficient World Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.759836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a39372d0-8e85-4999-810f-bdcd6dadb034 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:56.227891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 40d1fd86-08dd-4ff9-8cef-ec5b2e4c1b13 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.769972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9da51862-58a7-43ce-abdd-50f8334202a1 · outbound

This paper cites LM-PUB-QUIZ: A Comprehensive Framework for Zero-Shot Evaluation of Relational Knowledge in Language Models.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts LM-PUB-QUIZ: A Comprehensive Framework for Zero-Shot Evaluation of Relational Knowledge in Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.907557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8d372de3-5079-4d86-b664-96ca9b8e349e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.780544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e6d398a-3a20-4397-aa82-424923a85b62 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.785597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fc7a4b5c-89c4-4e7e-9a23-45119baa185b · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.790508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f54e141-7088-447b-b040-826dee1b79c0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:56.198671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 947a6efc-8a7f-4cc0-b347-78d3503c5448 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.800763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab8bb463-1e66-4397-8f0e-7fa368941218 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.806235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07adf238-7048-4662-a895-c341aeb1bd2a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.811403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d326c118-b554-4703-a8e9-8641968c0c7f · outbound

This paper cites A Systematic Review on Long-Tailed Learning.

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts A Systematic Review on Long-Tailed Learning

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T19:20:55.816643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.