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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack)

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 97 of 97 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.17846.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.17846 v1

Coverage vector

measured 97 of 97 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.754155Z

measured 98 of 98 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T19:27:34.770229Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T19:27:35.026558Z

Reference resolution

97 of 97 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy47
  • unresolved45
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch4

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ab12fc43-486f-4daa-bac5-8049aee7dcf1 · outbound

This paper cites AI Control: Improving Safety Despite Intentional Subversion.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) AI Control: Improving Safety Despite Intentional Subversion

Reference 1

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.283865Z digest=sha256:f798f85f8230af3176dbf13f6b6d898cc1f9b55d14f9bf584ea62899b64b9009

Observation 0075e0b6-928c-4ab7-81c9-2173cc5bde02 · outbound

This paper cites A sketch of an AI control safety case.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A sketch of an AI control safety case

Reference 2

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.289552Z digest=sha256:7207922e1652d7bc62aa89a0941409fbf519c030013193b6c3ef0283f7ae38d0

Observation 3fdd020e-e755-40fa-90bc-d03e4a508367 · outbound

This paper cites Subversion Strategy Eval: Can language models statelessly strategize to subvert control protocols?.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Subversion Strategy Eval: Can language models statelessly strategize to subvert control protocols?

Reference 3

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.294628Z digest=sha256:4f96236c8269e1715367a81cc62d0d5f3096c94130759052d1d14cf95a996ef5

Observation 7c3799c3-51b8-44de-a3a1-0bf9ccc84549 · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive Deployment of Untrusted LLMs Reduces Distributed Threats.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Adaptive Deployment of Untrusted LLMs Reduces Distributed Threats

Reference 4

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.299859Z digest=sha256:82bc44fc0cd73b48197f79344e064991f4532102e5f48c3ba1e5726c42cfb2f2

Observation 6bdb94a0-4680-491c-9e79-36571991cb74 · outbound

This paper cites Hidden in plain text: Emergence & mitigation of steganographic collusion in LLMs.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Hidden in plain text: Emergence & mitigation of steganographic collusion in LLMs

Reference 5

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.305751Z digest=sha256:13dddf7322a50c70aef2878cc117b41eb76a0b06b0de50442514243697bd8381

Observation 09f8f5fc-d200-4615-8aee-44edd28c4f68 · outbound

This paper cites Mechanistic anomaly detection and elk.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Mechanistic anomaly detection and elk

Reference 6

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.310460Z digest=sha256:049874f5661a1f289ede8597fe6f538da224d3ba7176527a628307807d8abf86

Observation 7a0f4489-f5b4-470c-9219-226c2b6fdc6f · outbound

This paper cites Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency

Reference 7

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.315490Z digest=sha256:26b5ef6c7c3ede25a1a951e45175e6593f3e7e39617158511e58ee2a1091c4f3

Observation 40e474c2-869f-4a60-8bac-dba478f0581b · outbound

This paper cites Open Problems in Mechanistic Interpretability.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Open Problems in Mechanistic Interpretability

Reference 8

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.320407Z digest=sha256:54c28c59bd083585b3b0c405b02f43c5ff9b552855637d2ad45e1e71220a80b4

Observation 20397426-c115-47a5-a529-d2f1b29d540d · outbound

This paper cites Berkovitz and Negash G.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Berkovitz and Negash G

Reference 9

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.326661Z digest=sha256:bf14061285c3f936002cea71d268327886aceb1769bdce27b9233a11f56b2db3

Observation 30a29f39-a2b9-47a2-864d-13cd9eca1f87 · outbound

This paper cites A Research Agenda: Dynamic Models to Defend Against Correlated Attacks.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A Research Agenda: Dynamic Models to Defend Against Correlated Attacks

Reference 10

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.243301Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.330986Z digest=sha256:3383f134fa01ee256664ed6841c510ffe11a7e46bcd3264756c0515b487c71fe

Observation 8f4e846f-ed77-416d-bbeb-9865ddf0fd5a · outbound

This paper cites Learning to summarize from human feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Learning to summarize from human feedback

Reference 11

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Observation b24e0c39-92c9-420b-9a4a-bd334de653e3 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 12

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.340226Z digest=sha256:75947f292e99802408e7bdc9236a3d24b773cc3a2a1450463fabf51b7f8c419a

Observation 9dc2a1c7-2f43-4554-b9dd-3faf7f7c8e44 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences

Reference 13

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.344640Z digest=sha256:eb352344eb189edc86efb04e2b03fa8151de0071a38440c5a90e99f5bbebaae8

Observation 28b69cd8-196e-450e-a172-3ea8edad8196 · outbound

This paper cites A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment

Reference 14

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.349277Z digest=sha256:694a68af2122fffc93733eca6360cd6d8175a134c03d6409a37b069f28b227de

Observation 6e751683-b89e-488a-80fe-3877b08c11a4 · outbound

This paper cites Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback

Reference 15

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.353876Z digest=sha256:66f688fc795becd8abb6b7c0fa2e61479291f5d9d4255593887978da18bf2c60

Observation 5e7e2798-2cdb-42ae-a2e2-748c3cded518 · outbound

This paper cites Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning

Reference 16

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.358600Z digest=sha256:ac67c88cdc1951daf4005a669ba82afa423f33ab364f38c76521da87d81edc1d

Observation a75905cd-e4ab-40db-969b-80a1713f02c9 · outbound

This paper cites Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction

Reference 17

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.362934Z digest=sha256:696ab6018b89ddca3741fe96851cd873ab7d6e82ba3c97dc5714f79bbe43229e

Observation 10908b4d-a984-4b7c-980f-9e872c76bd49 · outbound

This paper cites Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned

Reference 18

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.367629Z digest=sha256:891f495179755bf4036f668e16ca58ddc98d92b950ed37068153ae0e5512dfd3

Observation c5dfe7dc-112a-468e-9f77-317055abfb9a · outbound

This paper cites The Pristine survey -- XXII. A serendipitous discovery of an extremely Li-rich very metal-poor giant and a new method of $^6$Li/$^7$Li isotope measurement.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The Pristine survey -- XXII. A serendipitous discovery of an extremely Li-rich very metal-poor giant and a new method of $^6$Li/$^7$Li isotope measurement

Reference 19

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.146256Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.372263Z digest=sha256:dd5a3e0c9e1225af5e38e792c404f3807916cfe15e5d8f7b691fe30233071450

Observation 6ec8cef2-c81f-4cae-87c5-0b2407571081 · outbound

This paper cites Consequences of misaligned AI.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Consequences of misaligned AI

Reference 20

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Observation 5775113a-50f0-4329-8b43-f4bba1509c50 · outbound

This paper cites Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machine Learning Systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machine Learning Systems

Reference 21

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.382401Z digest=sha256:6e3ed16669d4d3cfc042cb8509c1a3907fe0b975c46258a61bf566b8fc2af866

Observation b7279a7c-6550-4fcf-8609-dc0f7a0a6616 · outbound

This paper cites On the relevance of the Godot Engine in the indie game development industry.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) On the relevance of the Godot Engine in the indie game development industry

Reference 22

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.107965Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.387612Z digest=sha256:e85070262cea90a410ddeffbdbf020963d438107911695997125b65f7e5f6540

Observation 523ab9c4-8d1d-4b4b-b703-f3731febc4bf · outbound

This paper cites Steganography in chain of thought reasoning.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Steganography in chain of thought reasoning

Reference 23

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.392376Z digest=sha256:cf89fa4bfca484a785b8fb2b848f21826aa927df3e786a5f56d2a791a417fab4

Observation ec1ebec8-65a9-4a13-bcb2-5a02e34890b0 · outbound

This paper cites Neural linguistic steganography.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Neural linguistic steganography

Reference 24

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.397660Z digest=sha256:616c106b627e869a260a13fe3b213d51f7a21ceac1d7681a458f6b7d800a9e67

Observation f152e7d6-8fe4-401f-afad-b3018f80b3bb · outbound

This paper cites Information hiding-a survey.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Information hiding-a survey

Reference 25

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Observation 1afc3dff-0957-4efc-945d-c63465a950a6 · outbound

This paper cites CycleGAN, a Master of Steganography.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) CycleGAN, a Master of Steganography

Reference 26

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.407246Z digest=sha256:8a12c12dac8368adcfd3186cfcbadf5f6d327f1fb64b62e54ad6ba5857c3f78d

Observation 6937da5d-d4df-4bee-bbda-49f5a95c1e45 · outbound

This paper cites A review on text steganography techniques.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A review on text steganography techniques

Reference 27

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.412853Z digest=sha256:2504c06d53d3df5a9f8b55656eddbaa83b0b4ad1be0b382cb399912d5ad90440

Observation d1391414-55f8-42d2-89f3-84236a15ee36 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent misalignment: Narrow finetuning can produce broadly misaligned llms.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Emergent misalignment: Narrow finetuning can produce broadly misaligned llms

Reference 28

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.417899Z digest=sha256:9dd9e72bf1e72d043e7a253a51900cfe4b62b29a4a48c50b4f0693336337aa68

Observation be5e32ca-d5bb-40de-99c1-b3047f8595bc · outbound

This paper cites Discovering latent knowledge in language models without supervision.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Discovering latent knowledge in language models without supervision

Reference 29

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Observation 339b3efe-c9c7-4a3c-9997-1077bf4cd380 · outbound

This paper cites Arc’s first technical report: Eliciting latent knowledge.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Arc’s first technical report: Eliciting latent knowledge

Reference 30

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Observation fe61fc05-1d5e-429f-bd1e-50696299657a · outbound

This paper cites Is Power-Seeking AI an Existential Risk?.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Is Power-Seeking AI an Existential Risk?

Reference 31

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Observation 0c43d34d-c830-4c9c-95f8-cd70bdf42d44 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal policies tend to seek power.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Optimal policies tend to seek power

Reference 32

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.435862Z digest=sha256:a8ecef7bfd196ae8f509b053205c7ddd682ec5121ea8538dfdde1cf0df22c4d5

Observation 91d1d0cd-e82a-455e-9c32-91d9b55043f2 · outbound

This paper cites Corrigibility.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Corrigibility

Reference 33

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.441272Z digest=sha256:ba7e302bb8c40f1925bf530fbf1bf986eed3dc6bc740f9da8dc70d1ca35f674d

Observation c4d5ef54-f1ca-4500-93fa-7c05a3fce28c · outbound

This paper cites AI safety via debate.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) AI safety via debate

Reference 35

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.451135Z digest=sha256:f1aadf107b9f4e74d2036caed343294fd26e32dd2c871cda23e61cbcc277dda2

Observation 0e8cf767-1101-4c6e-92c4-bc2ccc28eeaf · outbound

This paper cites Debate Helps Supervise Unreliable Experts.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Debate Helps Supervise Unreliable Experts

Reference 36

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.455690Z digest=sha256:16a99112164901414eaa4a01fc95283dafddd355db8eab621aae27649278327e

Observation 4cb71390-ee26-42d7-b8bd-9ba263b7c9da · outbound

This paper cites Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems

Reference 37

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.460137Z digest=sha256:ba28fe74d93cba0105cea2640c48d47ab6480a2cbbd73e19d4927cc5680fce9d

Observation 6484fdc9-805a-4106-bfc3-6eced7d4b468 · outbound

This paper cites A new robust approach for the polytomous logistic regression model based on R\'enyi's pseudodistances.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) A new robust approach for the polytomous logistic regression model based on R\'enyi's pseudodistances

Reference 38

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.913086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.465214Z digest=sha256:490e8dbba86feda50139b06a3ef6a6bfbe8f470c43bbaf9598b316fc4a2efb9a

Observation 1de1f1e8-f83b-48e8-b322-b84b1cdf1473 · outbound

This paper cites The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Models.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Models

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.469751Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.469751Z digest=sha256:eb71dca53af9a0898bc097b41e3ab830544dc42504d3bd7df860168312b1b40e

Observation 972a95bd-1328-4030-a171-307a97df5f0c · outbound

This paper cites The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.474356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.474356Z digest=sha256:62503227ce5cd881afe80da2cd3bf7ffd11d8a2cf5a4227a58ad3266c6a83d5c

Observation 59348b0c-9cde-4e9e-9ea7-da61df4f85c2 · outbound

This paper cites Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.479472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.479472Z digest=sha256:6917f390a57deca33c68e062bfb2100b2911262f1f84c5783853624b31e19ed6

Observation 89095439-ec12-4800-a7a6-dca73a60ef5d · outbound

This paper cites One-Year In: COVID-19 Research at the International Level in CORD-19 Data.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) One-Year In: COVID-19 Research at the International Level in CORD-19 Data

Reference 42

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.861338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.487947Z digest=sha256:87bb30aae146935d3a4e3223571f2ee3defdb38591e050cf99cdc74c43b7fc24

Observation 329a6965-01d5-4c3c-85e1-d48057160d83 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Models.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Models

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.492998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.492998Z digest=sha256:f98f7de4cfcd850fb48de110d32afdaa0af980b5401513bff601a119be0f348b

Observation 07886c10-0fc8-4fbb-a355-0f241ea5eda3 · outbound

This paper cites Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluations.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluations

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.497730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.497730Z digest=sha256:a6974217bfd8c89dc5aec91080212b2889748f4ca20f5156d6487fcc9c570d2c

Observation b4d26c89-ef97-4f54-a784-e949f76de09d · outbound

This paper cites Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Addition

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.502600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.502600Z digest=sha256:d72a698f5303379a15d492cdc4757b924e803cf0e50591191b3c6c7acb65875d

Observation e963b313-e3ce-4a8f-a981-2ad6bf27bafc · outbound

This paper cites Truthful AI: Developing and governing AI that does not lie.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Truthful AI: Developing and governing AI that does not lie

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.507257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.507257Z digest=sha256:e060a0fcc3a564ee8bfb5760f153ce4fbeae2c9b1c1abb045da212f052c09afa

Observation 75d5ecf9-2be6-49fc-90d7-fe55ee7d10b2 · outbound

This paper cites Safe reinforcement learning via shielding.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Safe reinforcement learning via shielding

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.511663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.511663Z digest=sha256:0e9dd65f6e47de1c388439a7c63cd5a29ebedf52cb6bdd55c1b25247dd93c953

Observation 118426b5-8c24-4398-b2a4-93a8eb3412ae · outbound

This paper cites Robust adversarial reinforcement learning.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Robust adversarial reinforcement learning

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:57.516626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.516626Z digest=sha256:3a5a15cfbf6357dd1b1cea31c1eaf945025528944cf91926842be0fc814c5f0f

Observation 4f938f2e-83ea-4ff4-837f-3ea38260fa2d · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic programming and optimal control, volume 1.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Dynamic programming and optimal control, volume 1

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.267980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.520713Z digest=sha256:e1892bac3b995c05307fde3acb0eb8d6508a784d61360a0939cb84b8f81c1ff0

Observation 0a2f84d3-4ddc-4f66-81e1-a5834221f5dd · outbound

This paper cites Robust and optimal control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Robust and optimal control

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.253765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.525183Z digest=sha256:34a7852a193fa8967df13b0d718fbfa97cc5e535508a4e2901fff1b92b19d3ae

Observation ede4711e-9d33-4c3e-bdd8-d0690d0accaf · outbound

This paper cites Optimal control theory: an introduction.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Optimal control theory: an introduction

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.239370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.530225Z digest=sha256:bb5aa67c173b3ca902ff3a36106655be7927253864ed505f0bfe16b8e895291b

Observation 137e513d-2f59-42df-8ad6-7f2ee19dddd1 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Optimal control

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.225474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.535511Z digest=sha256:2b59f5641d59888f91367228b14194290f22eab60e73202bf6d0b6394dddeefa

Observation b543f7f1-88cf-4637-9fff-b266e9ee4bdf · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Adaptive control

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.210857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.539962Z digest=sha256:934a31a6293b3bc43fe9848273bf079f2a912f6a08bcb1b1152761adcc6afc9e

Observation 0c6359aa-fbd5-4a43-b3ae-6268e04a0564 · outbound

This paper cites Model predictive control.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Model predictive control

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.196061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.545410Z digest=sha256:5fc4ded21e5114fd1f2b8bffd1e7468c6bc9bc70a4717303397cb7ce9e43c1ea

Observation 48cd507c-b336-4db8-be0b-8ff796034a38 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic optimal control: the discrete-time case , volume 5.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Stochastic optimal control: the discrete-time case , volume 5

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.179346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.549740Z digest=sha256:407d33ae80e1e3dc2ad0a4374ca2e84112a8f051a284a3e75755ea7dc04045ed

Observation d6702858-719b-42ad-8e71-e6cbd3901a41 · outbound

This paper cites Nonlinear control systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Nonlinear control systems

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.164569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.554104Z digest=sha256:ee55a63d3637015ffaaa9841132ed1285aa4bcb8e1d0771f26f25f7cd83fe149

Observation d0662494-ffad-4fc4-824f-a158065e2adb · outbound

This paper cites Geometric control of mechanical systems: modeling, analysis, and design for simple mechanical control systems.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Geometric control of mechanical systems: modeling, analysis, and design for simple mechanical control systems

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.150038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.558392Z digest=sha256:0f0922b77e838880dc484791fdd8ea9515a0d560028527d365e9b9f82d88c5d1

Observation eb062195-036f-4e8d-9510-bd13859555ac · outbound

This paper cites Hybrid dynamical systems: modeling, stability, and robustness.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Hybrid dynamical systems: modeling, stability, and robustness

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.135036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.562822Z digest=sha256:7bfec4d697d17a38716bf5a76d0c1d2864b0ce69c8ca9f5e35842ed3f038ecea

Observation 1afd2908-f842-4578-8f7d-eae8cea6b095 · outbound

This paper cites Reinforcement learning: An introduction.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Reinforcement learning: An introduction

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.120979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.567484Z digest=sha256:3dac964f7e9b469ad50c0982bd6cda3938b907101280e484acc42e43225a99b0

Observation 85910cfd-120d-43a4-bf1c-259ce9df6602 · outbound

This paper cites ˙x∗(t) = ∂H ∂λ (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (12) ˙λ(t) = − ∂H ∂x (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (13) where the Hamiltonian H(t, x, u, λ) = λ0f 0(t, x, u) + Pn i=1 λi(t)f i(t, x, u).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) ˙x∗(t) = ∂H ∂λ (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (12) ˙λ(t) = − ∂H ∂x (t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) (13) where the Hamiltonian H(t, x, u, λ) = λ0f 0(t, x, u) + Pn i=1 λi(t)f i(t, x, u)

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.107291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.571978Z digest=sha256:430f23ecea003aed89925728bc7636435a5145ed443725428b941bd0d981ad2b

Observation 6aec0a9b-d173-4222-8f53-86f322499486 · outbound

This paper cites For almost all t ∈ [t0, t1], H(t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) = sup z∈Ω(t,x∗(t)) H(t, x∗(t), z, λ(t)) (14).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) For almost all t ∈ [t0, t1], H(t, x∗(t), u∗(t), λ(t)) = sup z∈Ω(t,x∗(t)) H(t, x∗(t), z, λ(t)) (14)

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.093151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.577039Z digest=sha256:0f8054b38632f035e2597b4b700b3ec3a2230bde8204c9658def9e2dba5ed23c

Observation 21d58aa7-2b20-42cd-9efd-47d8fd24fa3f · outbound

This paper cites At the endpoints (t0, x∗(t0)) and (t1, x∗(t1)), the vector (−H(t0), λ(t0), H(t1), −λ(t1)) (where H(t) is H evaluated along the extremal) is orthog- onal to the end-manifold B.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) At the endpoints (t0, x∗(t0)) and (t1, x∗(t1)), the vector (−H(t0), λ(t0), H(t1), −λ(t1)) (where H(t) is H evaluated along the extremal) is orthog- onal to the end-manifold B

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.079099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.581799Z digest=sha256:4598d37baec7703a7a6de8fb440adf9bcfe67e8a0b3b76af3eaad4a9298e719f

Observation 81438081-e24b-4463-9059-09359952aa4f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.064181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.586823Z digest=sha256:a7379715f6f026ac486e6652e5f58ba250758a0a2b4abcc2f688a45bfea1e327

Observation 795b0bda-e112-476c-bc4c-209e73382294 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.049526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.591884Z digest=sha256:6d40c8cd7e0af654713ce02a606cc84ff47cfec9a0b90ffd08582fb63abc09da

Observation 01562de8-af0b-45bc-82d5-17daae9e2a60 · outbound

This paper cites This involves adjusting operational parameters of physical components.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) This involves adjusting operational parameters of physical components

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.034924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.597023Z digest=sha256:fe44edc9b4cc1a21cb2f52670d9c91ac93de6f1e0a8e2f4f4f53285c22a6df69

Observation b39cf135-32c6-441b-ab87-3afd32da7477 · outbound

This paper cites This concerns distributing computational tasks across available processing units (e.g., GPU kernels).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) This concerns distributing computational tasks across available processing units (e.g., GPU kernels)

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.020066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.602475Z digest=sha256:37e0619e76e15f088e9d333fb540bc2559cc9bf7f3b3204062f0120be016a36f

Observation b5ca32a1-ea19-4f32-99f2-8ff8c5a68446 · outbound

This paper cites This includes mechanisms like Error Correction Codes (ECC) in memory or redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) for storage.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) This includes mechanisms like Error Correction Codes (ECC) in memory or redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) for storage

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:59.004976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.607598Z digest=sha256:84e6544a29ba45ec798de80864ca2427c4e111f438bc75db75ef498ccc44e4f8

Observation 5260a0b9-0003-4c11-8515-beabdeac6f29 · outbound

This paper cites OS and containerization tools allow setting limits on resource consumption per process or container (e.g., Linux cgroups).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) OS and containerization tools allow setting limits on resource consumption per process or container (e.g., Linux cgroups)

Reference 68

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.988645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.612961Z digest=sha256:7154e8e309a44d2af0fe2587e000352fb4137c99299c5ecd599360c5e90fb9a2

Observation 25bcc983-12b4-44ec-bbe9-e627e225b119 · outbound

This paper cites The OS scheduler manages the execution order of processes and threads.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The OS scheduler manages the execution order of processes and threads

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.973984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.618080Z digest=sha256:26fb776f69f2271e99c10e1f2f71962c2008aec4550cc3f109d11c96b6f0fc4e

Observation 568f8085-15ae-4e6b-bd49-e1d2c977be39 · outbound

This paper cites Using containers, virtual machines, or specific OS mechanisms (e.g., seccomp, AppArmor) to restrict the privileges and visibility of AI processes.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Using containers, virtual machines, or specific OS mechanisms (e.g., seccomp, AppArmor) to restrict the privileges and visibility of AI processes

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.959287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.622787Z digest=sha256:85e19b3ac361106e6ff5bd703428cb7ad148598048a5ff09150832a6b8cb377b

Observation c41fae4d-9ee8-4b4c-8e89-5958c1c27db3 · outbound

This paper cites Frameworks often perform optimisations like op- erator fusion, constant folding, and memory planning on the AI model’s computational graph.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Frameworks often perform optimisations like op- erator fusion, constant folding, and memory planning on the AI model’s computational graph

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.944616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.627271Z digest=sha256:b3059e74b10e601f2b3da91386de2d1845fed138ece9ebe9fe2dcb6a452618e5

Observation 79952eb8-3a97-4d05-8ba2-aed4f906db05 · outbound

This paper cites Techniques applied during computation to maintain numeri- cal precision and prevent issues like vanishing/exploding gradients.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Techniques applied during computation to maintain numeri- cal precision and prevent issues like vanishing/exploding gradients

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.930479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.632324Z digest=sha256:531e6687c0553338954e8e55c2759e4a301f14a4ebfc77f2aca4f22e63837452

Observation 03a971ba-78f7-47db-8445-760c7c2d4015 · outbound

This paper cites Mechanisms for managing data and model parallelism, synchronizing gradients, and handling parameter updates across multiple devices or nodes.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Mechanisms for managing data and model parallelism, synchronizing gradients, and handling parameter updates across multiple devices or nodes

Reference 73

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.915881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.637503Z digest=sha256:fee6a9da8afe0949f151cc6612776464519616cdc6cf7b3235a306a01b032c2e

Observation 2a14673b-1ee7-446f-87da-5b782d41d6b8 · outbound

This paper cites Its efficiency and correctness are crucial for successful model development.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Its efficiency and correctness are crucial for successful model development

Reference 74

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.901153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.641868Z digest=sha256:9c2c6cfc52ae38cb9cde55be8f307b73f42d670c9235a3d9d0e05a99b4348a44

Observation 0207fbd2-b062-4de4-a1d9-ddc2c9a2b47f · outbound

This paper cites The deliberate selection of network structures, layer types, and connectivity.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) The deliberate selection of network structures, layer types, and connectivity

Reference 75

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.886207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.646312Z digest=sha256:b9677adb734b1a8b0ab975ee89b23ccfa9e5ac5b2daf75f9f9ff4f0d89c64262

Observation 6f494e16-29ea-4065-a968-b5280365186d · outbound

This paper cites Incorporating architectural elements that intrinsi- cally promote better generalisation or robustness, such as dropout layers or batch normalisa- tion.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Incorporating architectural elements that intrinsi- cally promote better generalisation or robustness, such as dropout layers or batch normalisa- tion

Reference 76

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.871166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.651553Z digest=sha256:d93dba1e56a37c56ab51636720148d0a2fc561d4551e21c4a0425d67061b0549

Observation bd8be8eb-0581-47a3-83f5-d6710a09d4d5 · outbound

This paper cites Methods like pruning (removing less important weights/neurons) and quantization (reducing the precision of weights and activations).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Methods like pruning (removing less important weights/neurons) and quantization (reducing the precision of weights and activations)

Reference 77

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.855157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.655987Z digest=sha256:4ca8b7268be283f9f0811c0bbe471895e18cd7ef7c2a277daa4100e845375876

Observation 71f2ee9b-fd11-49bb-a2c3-054be200ae91 · outbound

This paper cites Selecting, cleaning, and transforming the training data.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Selecting, cleaning, and transforming the training data

Reference 78

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.840902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.660467Z digest=sha256:80d38c8c2281de019d57238970249fa41e9223c317da3fa4974f14196eef3243

Observation 24b7d4b6-37a5-481b-822e-533363ff6250 · outbound

This paper cites Defining the loss function Ltask that the model aims to minimise, and potentially adding regularization terms Lregi or constraints.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Defining the loss function Ltask that the model aims to minimise, and potentially adding regularization terms Lregi or constraints

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.826148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.664742Z digest=sha256:addc7033952f7376a68d74499878067ee0edbb9037852e50abc0744f84abfedc

Observation 51470257-ea07-4e3a-9e00-eee556489701 · outbound

This paper cites Choosing the optimizer (e.g., SGD, Adam) and its parameters (e.g., learning rate ηt, batch size Bt, momentum βt).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Choosing the optimizer (e.g., SGD, Adam) and its parameters (e.g., learning rate ηt, batch size Bt, momentum βt)

Reference 80

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.811945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.669102Z digest=sha256:b097429d8b4b83c7e1bfb31ce67365f3b87ba12bd0ec90c02474b4aa1741a399

Observation 683017bc-a545-444d-9d06-72ce2f30305e · outbound

This paper cites Monitoring performance on a validation set and stop- ping training when performance no longer improves, saving model checkpoints periodically.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Monitoring performance on a validation set and stop- ping training when performance no longer improves, saving model checkpoints periodically

Reference 81

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.797732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.673973Z digest=sha256:fd9bb2b4f229fa2ed84dba361022244ffdb12a7f95a5d8ba2000ed3ce543bd0e

Observation de7b95c0-a8b2-4dd9-9fe6-a012e10dd32d · outbound

This paper cites Post-processing model outputs to detect and remove or modify undesirable content (e.g., harmful language, private information).

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Post-processing model outputs to detect and remove or modify undesirable content (e.g., harmful language, private information)

Reference 82

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.782975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.678601Z digest=sha256:adaf3b3d7bc9f328ddf20b4982296b211cc915d0e3d931dd740434191db96318

Observation 61463965-6dd4-4ebf-a701-7cd32e43c7db · outbound

This paper cites Abstaining from providing an output or escalating to a human supervisor if the model’s confidence in its output is below a certain threshold.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Abstaining from providing an output or escalating to a human supervisor if the model’s confidence in its output is below a certain threshold

Reference 83

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.769030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.682862Z digest=sha256:26b9ef646d7159dfe84621d11e1b2619e5621f79446264d83e24a1568ced6fc7

Observation d636dba1-dc82-4894-b1d9-e124cb2b2de6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Unresolved cited work

Reference 84

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.754604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.688090Z digest=sha256:20253dcf563280cdda94761f8b5e73e8d106b86ad1e8ac93d01d4ae5127b77b2

Observation e9b295af-af6a-4be9-9f08-84368c33ec4c · outbound

This paper cites Altering or ablating spe- cific internal parts of a model (e.g., neurons, attention heads, identified circuits) that are understood to contribute to certain behaviours.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Altering or ablating spe- cific internal parts of a model (e.g., neurons, attention heads, identified circuits) that are understood to contribute to certain behaviours

Reference 85

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.740118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.692639Z digest=sha256:4662c07440aafce811d71d95f29516517948ae80887c6f73f4ed14ecf6506f8c

Observation 33e4d8b3-b717-4388-a6c0-b7e52fd0e5d1 · outbound

This paper cites Using explanations of model behaviour (e.g., why a particular output was generated) to identify and diagnose issues.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Using explanations of model behaviour (e.g., why a particular output was generated) to identify and diagnose issues

Reference 86

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.725762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.697467Z digest=sha256:609e5cf73ddbf68b712ef7791d7af7d57addfc982a715934434ef91f592f5f10

Observation be31639d-5d89-4ecb-abee-769f7f19d1b0 · outbound

This paper cites Directly modifying model weights or structure based on interpretability insights to correct specific knowledge or behaviours without full retraining.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Directly modifying model weights or structure based on interpretability insights to correct specific knowledge or behaviours without full retraining

Reference 87

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.711078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.702606Z digest=sha256:622512f84d01d9d943be6e011dc471ec41a1033aec1c14a3b138fe97701dfb45

Observation 3771ab7b-4652-4736-85e8-0a32f8be8af0 · outbound

This paper cites Techniques for capturing human preferences and values to guide AI behaviour, often by training a reward model RM (y) based on human feedback.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Techniques for capturing human preferences and values to guide AI behaviour, often by training a reward model RM (y) based on human feedback

Reference 88

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.695414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.706937Z digest=sha256:e7987daf443c50c6ac58548794336aafa05d672afae884f8da25b554cc8a8de0

Observation 5f6db323-c4bd-4170-bb47-0db365045fbd · outbound

This paper cites Using a learned reward model or direct human feedback to fine-tune a base AI model towards desired behaviours.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Using a learned reward model or direct human feedback to fine-tune a base AI model towards desired behaviours

Reference 89

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.681521Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.711319Z digest=sha256:14f9cdfb0102a00b4d05c433f44715b2952e1d427e1757bb20c24488739f59bc

Observation 0528181c-23ff-4844-8914-5c5de2637eb5 · outbound

This paper cites Systematically probing AI systems to discover vulnerabilities, failure modes, and misalignments before deployment.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Systematically probing AI systems to discover vulnerabilities, failure modes, and misalignments before deployment

Reference 90

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.667564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.715979Z digest=sha256:2616f7f4b2d91693d5d5cfb4a850fa2c999ed0dac5abbb58e8df43ff55b89c2d

Observation be72f600-06fa-4be9-a576-4eee69244c81 · outbound

This paper cites Defining explicit principles, rules, or constitutions that the AI must adhere to, and using AI itself to critique and revise its outputs to comply with these rules.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Defining explicit principles, rules, or constitutions that the AI must adhere to, and using AI itself to critique and revise its outputs to comply with these rules

Reference 91

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.652156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.721090Z digest=sha256:aa0cdd4f6253000064864a8f2ec3c3c8fabfce096a19a3e62737ffd432f0b2fe

Observation f6f45057-65f6-4903-86da-4d7e61b71c53 · outbound

This paper cites Designing the rules of interaction, com- munication protocols, and reward/utility functions for individual agents within a multi-agent system.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Designing the rules of interaction, com- munication protocols, and reward/utility functions for individual agents within a multi-agent system

Reference 92

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.637303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.726466Z digest=sha256:e4c5fc5ff89f1c2b8fbd6634467b3881bb88ba67b156f3d982a1c8d07585ff1f

Observation a21a1b03-6151-4c23-8997-e89952978811 · outbound

This paper cites Implementing systems for establish- ing, communicating, monitoring, and enforcing social norms or rules within an AI agent population.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Implementing systems for establish- ing, communicating, monitoring, and enforcing social norms or rules within an AI agent population

Reference 93

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.622214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.730928Z digest=sha256:3f6eeff4fbf90edfbb8a23728d87d6cbed558dc6718b39d43ef8810b73e90354

Observation c8a6f8aa-4642-4ae1-b1a5-83fbe2dacebf · outbound

This paper cites Establishing standardized ways for agents to exchange information, signal intent, and coordinate actions.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Establishing standardized ways for agents to exchange information, signal intent, and coordinate actions

Reference 94

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.604718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.735359Z digest=sha256:9e6da8a21ea54a8ee96231a1a454d31692fa17bf4c9574dc6452f9077c3045a1

Observation 0f60556e-98cf-449a-ad22-b3078b03615a · outbound

This paper cites Governments and international bodies establishing laws, standards, and policies governing the development, deployment, and use of AI.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Governments and international bodies establishing laws, standards, and policies governing the development, deployment, and use of AI

Reference 95

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.589930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.740359Z digest=sha256:b04f1a0f2e30002842986849717d28f0d21a84725270b719cff34d8406d6ead4

Observation c3ed02ca-6c23-420c-ab9c-fb9993b972d3 · outbound

This paper cites Professional organiza- tions, research institutions, and industry consortia developing and promoting principles for responsible AI.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Professional organiza- tions, research institutions, and industry consortia developing and promoting principles for responsible AI

Reference 96

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.575331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.744788Z digest=sha256:eca42e43a45ad3217a04ec5bb3f4fa41d2a667d0aa46c9d50641840543c13148

Observation 1f3a2255-c9e2-4c71-af75-151daf40becd · outbound

This paper cites Efforts to inform the public about AI, foster critical discussion, and involve diverse stakeholders in shaping AI’s future.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Efforts to inform the public about AI, foster critical discussion, and involve diverse stakeholders in shaping AI’s future

Reference 97

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.560878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.749304Z digest=sha256:3b666c733ad3cef41bd4d6037cf3695534a430e6a5f24d2629559a808c3ff1d8

Observation 6e1b6198-ad87-4f12-860d-c8be1e6c09ab · outbound

This paper cites Formal processes for evaluating the potential societal impacts of AI systems before and during deployment, and for independently verifying claims about their safety or fairness.

Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack) Formal processes for evaluating the potential societal impacts of AI systems before and during deployment, and for independently verifying claims about their safety or fairness

Reference 98

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:26:58.544836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:26:57.754155Z digest=sha256:378d90d9b5228e1bc01ce076afe8558389a489d5e0d5eb46215d32f0d45860df

Pith citing papers

Observation ae3eb31d-6151-4fda-9b35-fb702528aa8a · inbound

Towards Measurement Theory for Artificial Intelligence cites this paper.

Towards Measurement Theory for Artificial Intelligence Out of Control -- Why Alignment Needs Formal Control Theory (and an Alignment Control Stack)

Reference 33

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T19:27:35.061123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T19:27:34.770229Z digest=sha256:4e73fcee1d1c4a2abaee8e9c4a57c1368035d92105b278cf58beab7daf252282