Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.20435.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.20435 v1

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.312195Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T22:01:54.416760Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

verified exact10
verified fuzzy13
unresolved12
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier5
metadata mismatch6

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ad286d09-fbda-4f38-af8c-8841a7a50001 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications41(11), 3504–3516 (2023).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications41(11), 3504–3516 (2023)

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:25.417317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b6802218-607c-4fa7-b1e0-b7cafc263dfe · outbound

This paper cites https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637565.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637565

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.194681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1cfa3203-2d75-4376-937d-38145e995fad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:25.301567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 4e148fd3-c12d-479e-b349-09727ad496ba · outbound

This paper cites In: 14th An- nual Conf.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: 14th An- nual Conf

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.200970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 94d3d387-eaa7-4f51-adbf-f90f67b714db · outbound

This paper cites Computers in Industry143, 103763 (2022).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Computers in Industry143, 103763 (2022)

Reference 5

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.204345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5a70f413-8552-4c88-bad7-e974cee1d315 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:25.085329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a1621092-e8cd-449d-b235-e221afd93ced · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:24.893026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f07c792f-028c-4eb5-bf27-4354d3147283 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2023 Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: 2023 Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:24.681554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 07c306de-7664-414a-a4f5-9f1fd45e8613 · outbound

This paper cites In: 17th Intl.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: 17th Intl

Reference 9

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:21.936137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e4cab3a4-289c-4605-b3d5-de9fa05cdfbf · outbound

This paper cites In: Intl.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: Intl

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:21.756989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3ab46b55-dcd9-4bec-b851-d42b63f2c13d · outbound

This paper cites Sensors23(24) (2023).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Sensors23(24) (2023)

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.398791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation dcce99a0-69a5-4560-8f0f-5367f89abdd6 · outbound

This paper cites (eds.): The Engineering of Digital Twins.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review (eds.): The Engineering of Digital Twins

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:24.501265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 10e96795-21c0-4675-bc63-193944fc8a54 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:24.273635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2db38afe-3208-40ff-ad2f-ef378e6c254f · outbound

This paper cites In: 29th IEEE Intl.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: 29th IEEE Intl

Reference 14

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad706406-8922-4aaf-a00d-889993eab5f4 · outbound

This paper cites Resilient Cities and Structures 3(3), 1–19 (2024).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Resilient Cities and Structures 3(3), 1–19 (2024)

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.390855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d169c215-3927-413a-a69f-5c3fa9ec254f · outbound

This paper cites Campbell Systematic Reviews18(2), e1230 (2022).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Campbell Systematic Reviews18(2), e1230 (2022)

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:24.058884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 4eace69b-5d94-4a83-87a8-8a2732931e69 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems54(11), 6873–6888 (2024).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems54(11), 6873–6888 (2024)

Reference 17

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:21.522632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 283da15f-adf0-48e6-8f1d-d164cff70398 · outbound

This paper cites Wiley (2023).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Wiley (2023)

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:23.878818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation aa37c0ce-8bab-47e4-bdb7-dc1370ad3d05 · outbound

This paper cites https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ecce55643.2024.10861242.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ecce55643.2024.10861242

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9470d79c-f94a-47a9-9d20-0bdf1987dd81 · outbound

This paper cites The Journal of Engineering2021(10), 569–581 (2021).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review The Journal of Engineering2021(10), 569–581 (2021)

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.382919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 336605e3-bdd0-41a5-880a-b078e75857cc · outbound

This paper cites Keele, UK, Keele Univ.33(08 2004).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Keele, UK, Keele Univ.33(08 2004)

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:23.722735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c8d79e13-e0d4-4c7e-bee0-963ba8b0bf1a · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Systems Journal13(3), 2201–2212 (2019).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review IEEE Systems Journal13(3), 2201–2212 (2019)

Reference 22

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:21.350928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b850990b-ddcd-4290-9cd8-450953af60fd · outbound

This paper cites Advanced Engineering Informatics58, 14 (2023).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Advanced Engineering Informatics58, 14 (2023)

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.252160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 60b3c3fc-5953-402e-9e04-5987bcc41d5b · outbound

This paper cites In: Procedia CIRP.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: Procedia CIRP

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.374270Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 0528c0ed-df6c-46c1-a277-e4e532c3c6bd · outbound

This paper cites Energy292(2024).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Energy292(2024)

Reference 25

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ff7d9db-c9ec-4f4a-a23a-a96e4d478fa8 · outbound

This paper cites Springer (2022).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Springer (2022)

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:23.576194Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b5dc3071-5058-48fc-b2fe-07d8a04864e6 · outbound

This paper cites In: 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conf.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conf

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:21.113571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 5be96b97-0586-4442-a84f-01a746676097 · outbound

This paper cites In: IEEE/ACM 10th Intl.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: IEEE/ACM 10th Intl

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:23.408121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 240cde2f-1aa7-4d12-8103-29efaa22253b · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Access8, 107781–107801 (2020).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review IEEE Access8, 107781–107801 (2020)

Reference 29

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:21.021932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d4fd2874-8a28-441c-8c16-701b8793f578 · outbound

This paper cites In: IEEE 27th Intl.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: IEEE 27th Intl

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9d26546-3815-4010-9b30-4449bf1ed6f2 · outbound

This paper cites Processes10(2), 27 (2022).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Processes10(2), 27 (2022)

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:23.283435Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b22864f8-c294-4fea-8e6c-2a7c1b1ffa53 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conf.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conf

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.866596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ea90f337-73b8-4f02-83e0-e1ed938fb4f2 · outbound

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The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 8aa13965-c1fd-4b13-8841-72cd428e4f7e · outbound

This paper cites BMJ372(2021).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review BMJ372(2021)

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.280152Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c15b3a08-51c8-460d-b5e0-e6dae0e61cda · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Computational Design and Engineering10(2), 809–829 (2023).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Journal of Computational Design and Engineering10(2), 809–829 (2023)

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:22.928737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 77153988-0f78-4569-9407-c2b1b933f563 · outbound

This paper cites Electronics13(16), 32 (2024).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Electronics13(16), 32 (2024)

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.359356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d009cb96-e8f5-46c2-954f-fa1f2ad6fe85 · outbound

This paper cites Energies17(2) (2024).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Energies17(2) (2024)

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.350847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 46bb9fa0-fe8f-4a2c-90dd-2b3051ff24e3 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Access12, 78534–78548 (2024).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review IEEE Access12, 78534–78548 (2024)

Reference 38

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation cfd88772-0904-443b-9262-3b186472d191 · outbound

This paper cites Robotics12(3) (2023).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Robotics12(3) (2023)

Reference 39

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e3b78487-0648-4e2b-a5a7-c951cd17a9e5 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2016 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems (SESoS).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: 2016 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems (SESoS)

Reference 40

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.616660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f71598fa-b4fd-402e-bb5f-103e585f0642 · outbound

This paper cites In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.341173Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bd01965e-ce85-4b5e-914c-07f5a016f6d2 · outbound

This paper cites https://doi.org/10.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review https://doi.org/10

Reference 42

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2b622794-dbf4-4458-a390-3d0de0a59a07 · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Manufacturing Systems77, 780–797 (2024).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Journal of Manufacturing Systems77, 780–797 (2024)

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:22.597111Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3f078697-9504-4070-861c-75115a703cd7 · outbound

This paper cites Advanced Engineering Informatics52, 18 (2022).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Advanced Engineering Informatics52, 18 (2022)

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:22.443280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f09e5a7b-08a8-4fbc-b08e-00dbbba7c249 · outbound

This paper cites Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art 6(1), 10 (2023).

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art 6(1), 10 (2023)

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:22.294849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 11874084-e376-4965-a92d-959e85a40c49 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Trans.

The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review IEEE Trans

Reference 46

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:51:20.474670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation c7936e9d-4d48-4c47-b6ce-012a9d577b55 · inbound

Trans-Domain Digital Twin: Conceptual Foundations, Architecture, and Research Outlook cites this paper.

Trans-Domain Digital Twin: Conceptual Foundations, Architecture, and Research Outlook The Composition of Digital Twins for Systems-of-Systems: a Systematic Literature Review

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.