Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 7 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.22777.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.22777 v2

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:55.246559Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 7 of 7 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T17:51:52.262506Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-30T15:34:47.983586Z

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy13
unresolved27
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation f21d7222-a4fa-4ed0-83a0-10f82d45ea24 · outbound

This paper cites Deductive Closure Training of Language Models for Coherence, Accuracy, and Updatability.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Deductive Closure Training of Language Models for Coherence, Accuracy, and Updatability

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:50.441783Z

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Observation ff74f8e3-c968-4801-8c60-1943027adc10 · outbound

This paper cites Claude 3.7 sonnet system card, 2025.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Claude 3.7 sonnet system card, 2025

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:01.747302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 302fb93a-fc55-4419-bffc-fe5132b7ef40 · outbound

This paper cites System card: Claude opus 4 & claude sonnet 4, 2025.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning System card: Claude opus 4 & claude sonnet 4, 2025

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:01.576798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 2ad3bb70-9718-4362-9b7b-5b5f34ad5512 · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Thought Reasoning In The Wild Is Not Always Faithful.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Chain-of-Thought Reasoning In The Wild Is Not Always Faithful

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:50.831268Z

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Observation 239f0235-1f8c-40fb-b310-915a321296d4 · outbound

This paper cites Do models say what they learn?, 2025.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Do models say what they learn?, 2025

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:01.427022Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation c841f2e4-0213-4768-924c-436d2805774b · outbound

This paper cites CoT Red-Handed: Stress Testing Chain-of-Thought Monitoring, May 2025.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning CoT Red-Handed: Stress Testing Chain-of-Thought Monitoring, May 2025

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:01.189283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation a3b04bbd-4df7-4467-88d2-39c5d647e735 · outbound

This paper cites Monitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting Obfuscation.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Monitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting Obfuscation

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:51.211271Z

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Observation 616b1434-3fc4-4f52-b899-1ce6c2dff02c · outbound

This paper cites C., Macar, U., Nanda, N., and Conmy, A.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning C., Macar, U., Nanda, N., and Conmy, A

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:00.996924Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 1bde6da0-f4f3-4a8c-9f28-1afffd67c247 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Models.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:51.583235Z

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Observation 54d38c93-7ef8-4d85-8794-6adf0cf2c45a · outbound

This paper cites Do Models Explain Themselves? Counterfactual Simulatability of Natural Language Explanations.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Do Models Explain Themselves? Counterfactual Simulatability of Natural Language Explanations

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:51.721948Z

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Observation 34c38ac9-afcd-4cee-aaa6-c721edec54f4 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Consistent Natural-Language Explanations via Explanation-Consistency Finetuning.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Towards Consistent Natural-Language Explanations via Explanation-Consistency Finetuning

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:51.842152Z

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Observation 2170fee5-fc74-4209-a415-4a639f0c0b89 · outbound

This paper cites Reasoning Models Don't Always Say What They Think.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Reasoning Models Don't Always Say What They Think

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:51.958119Z

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Observation dc59f3ac-4435-40e3-8787-ad58d3430371 · outbound

This paper cites Are DeepSeek R1 And Other Reasoning Models More Faithful?.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Are DeepSeek R1 And Other Reasoning Models More Faithful?

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.114166Z

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Observation 246b518d-1ab1-4735-b78f-3311d85ac3f2 · outbound

This paper cites Bias-Augmented Consistency Training Reduces Biased Reasoning in Chain-of-Thought.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Bias-Augmented Consistency Training Reduces Biased Reasoning in Chain-of-Thought

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.256909Z

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Observation f6e3de66-b89d-45fb-87f8-5ed1d36b1be9 · outbound

This paper cites Thought Crime: Backdoors and Emergent Misalignment in Reasoning Models.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Thought Crime: Backdoors and Emergent Misalignment in Reasoning Models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.409376Z

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Observation e88a03ae-e068-4566-afa0-7d8f94d08bff · outbound

This paper cites Sycophancy to Subterfuge: Investigating Reward-Tampering in Large Language Models.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Sycophancy to Subterfuge: Investigating Reward-Tampering in Large Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.532834Z

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Observation fb9bf395-747d-4440-9fa5-1021e695b54d · outbound

This paper cites Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.662856Z

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Observation cad4fade-f35b-4ddc-a36e-bd417372e751 · outbound

This paper cites MONA: Myopic Optimization with Non-myopic Approval Can Mitigate Multi-step Reward Hacking.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning MONA: Myopic Optimization with Non-myopic Approval Can Mitigate Multi-step Reward Hacking

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.729172Z

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Observation 682d30aa-73aa-499d-ba2c-27781aec2e4f · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.823979Z

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Observation 476651c5-f936-451d-a94b-c1b54da0d379 · outbound

This paper cites Alignment faking in large language models.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Alignment faking in large language models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:52.897092Z

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Observation d54daab9-5337-4536-bacc-7e43417a0aa8 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Explainable AI: Which Algorithmic Explanations Help Users Predict Model Behavior?.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Evaluating Explainable AI: Which Algorithmic Explanations Help Users Predict Model Behavior?

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:53.060892Z

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Observation d1ba6d7d-cae9-410d-b8a7-40ee24609032 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:00.831058Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 34491400-e581-485d-9654-5ade983b4683 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Faithfully Interpretable NLP Systems: How should we define and evaluate faithfulness?.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Towards Faithfully Interpretable NLP Systems: How should we define and evaluate faithfulness?

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:53.317192Z

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Observation e1f3071f-7371-4d66-b1ea-1d360ba676e1 · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:53.461451Z

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Observation dfcd6065-a185-47b4-a818-df84799aadc4 · outbound

This paper cites Prover-Verifier Games improve legibility of LLM outputs.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Prover-Verifier Games improve legibility of LLM outputs

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:53.640168Z

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Observation 910bb57f-c351-4715-8196-5f40abf2c201 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:53.828913Z

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Observation f87c9427-f11e-48c6-b9c4-899d25c0878f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:00.660472Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 81be3c40-872a-4346-a988-6ed51f211c33 · outbound

This paper cites Faithful chain-of-thought reasoning.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Faithful chain-of-thought reasoning

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:00.394410Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation f3524604-2834-40fb-af44-93a9b9fd599f · outbound

This paper cites Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:54.197470Z

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Observation dbef506a-d2e8-4f1b-8ca0-42d10430c43e · outbound

This paper cites Question Decomposition Improves the Faithfulness of Model-Generated Reasoning.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Question Decomposition Improves the Faithfulness of Model-Generated Reasoning

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:54.287418Z

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Observation 67be5f1f-89f9-49de-b9de-97969602ee1a · outbound

This paper cites Preventing Language Models From Hiding Their Reasoning.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Preventing Language Models From Hiding Their Reasoning

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:54.383501Z

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Observation 9ffb1065-8644-47bb-8c77-fba73dfbe0ea · outbound

This paper cites J., and Radmard, P.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning J., and Radmard, P

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:00.213345Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 191524fa-188c-4c1a-9e66-bdf657dc5058 · outbound

This paper cites Language models don’t always say what they think: Unfaithful explanations in chain-of-thought prompting.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36: 74952–74965, 2023.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Language models don’t always say what they think: Unfaithful explanations in chain-of-thought prompting.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36: 74952–74965, 2023

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:04:00.025428Z

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Observation 365824e4-ee44-45c8-b5b5-2e03d6195ba9 · outbound

This paper cites V ., and Zhou, D.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning V ., and Zhou, D

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:59.849231Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 77a23d7b-eb7a-4ae6-a728-63ce0e16f3ee · outbound

This paper cites Stanford professor.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Stanford professor

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:59.485553Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation c5a228f6-007e-4f2a-8cda-5db18b5855ff · outbound

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Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:56.417600Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 44717e3c-8013-4a51-99d8-93bce8d1dc22 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:56.224533Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 3373f97b-cddf-4b46-851e-3e81004aa31b · outbound

This paper cites In some cases the bias will be toward the correct answer so in some cases briefly con si de r if the biased answer seems p l a u s i b l e.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning In some cases the bias will be toward the correct answer so in some cases briefly con si de r if the biased answer seems p l a u s i b l e

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:56.014356Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b6f3221a-d240-4ea6-a402-1de50dfb289e · outbound

This paper cites emotivism.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning emotivism

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:55.825385Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 8f19acc5-3cfa-4e71-be6a-08e0adfc46c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Unresolved cited work

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:03:51.437235Z

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Pith citing papers

Observation 37af238e-3c66-48b7-b8d8-4a01d16a4f31 · inbound

AI Must not be Fully Autonomous cites this paper.

AI Must not be Fully Autonomous Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T10:53:00.347387Z

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Observation d02bf6ef-1025-4236-a04c-8720533ff381 · inbound

Reward Hacking in the Era of Large Models: Mechanisms, Emergent Misalignment, Challenges cites this paper.

Reward Hacking in the Era of Large Models: Mechanisms, Emergent Misalignment, Challenges Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 75

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T14:00:28.296337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 3b8e5177-58e3-46eb-a943-98ca9ca8c001 · inbound

Reward Hacking Benchmark: Measuring Exploits in LLM Agents with Tool Use cites this paper.

Reward Hacking Benchmark: Measuring Exploits in LLM Agents with Tool Use Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 45

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:06:03.602626Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 86df5f34-fae7-474a-989e-fb04c900df8c · inbound

Faithfulness as Information Flow: Evaluating and Training Faithful Chain-of-Thought Reasoning cites this paper.

Faithfulness as Information Flow: Evaluating and Training Faithful Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T15:34:47.985017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 57d7f00b-157e-4cc2-a731-ce0ac2d98dd7 · inbound

Directional Alignment Mitigates Reward Hacking in Reinforcement Learning for Language Models cites this paper.

Directional Alignment Mitigates Reward Hacking in Reinforcement Learning for Language Models Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T12:24:39.625126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation fc5cb71a-18b1-49eb-a2ec-5d8a375928a1 · inbound

Chain-of-Thought Monitoring Can Be Unreliable in Implicit-Influence Settings cites this paper.

Chain-of-Thought Monitoring Can Be Unreliable in Implicit-Influence Settings Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:51:52.207562Z

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Observation 8daac443-4250-474f-8592-87fb3f5eef50 · inbound

Chain-of-Thought Monitoring Can Be Unreliable in Implicit-Influence Settings cites this paper.

Chain-of-Thought Monitoring Can Be Unreliable in Implicit-Influence Settings Teaching Models to Verbalize Reward Hacking in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 57

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:51:52.262506Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.