Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.230073Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools
As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.23394.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
32 of 32 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy9
- unresolved22
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch1
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 5b48f51c-ca77-4219-9eaf-3262bfa830b3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:51.105003Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation c531023b-4a2b-4891-a922-61b6eb0849b3 · outbound
This paper cites 2025), Meta's Llama series (Grattafiori, et al.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools 2025), Meta's Llama series (Grattafiori, et al
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.839676Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation afa99ade-fb42-454a-b18c-0b87c69018b0 · outbound
This paper cites Branch-and-Merge.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Branch-and-Merge
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.510456Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 17519c94-c191-447f-ae20-ac13e1c39577 · outbound
This paper cites However, both frameworks remain predominantly English-centric.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools However, both frameworks remain predominantly English-centric
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.278743Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 22d21fd0-82c5-4986-a340-cd0d2133b9aa · outbound
This paper cites First, a specialized framework was developed to measure function-calling accuracy in multilingual contexts.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools First, a specialized framework was developed to measure function-calling accuracy in multilingual contexts
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:49.788670Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 6d093ded-a63c-4d53-bf92-d470225f94f1 · outbound
This paper cites Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpus.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpus
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.406764Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 69806bc6-14b8-432a-a742-e40cacc1d830 · outbound
This paper cites Fine-tuned Language Models are Continual Learners.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Fine-tuned Language Models are Continual Learners
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.557004Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dec7e1c1-e30c-499c-ad62-29f09913eba1 · outbound
This paper cites LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfer.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfer
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.936753Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 98da13c7-06b7-4aaf-8106-4dfc9128c8cb · outbound
This paper cites Model Context Protocol (MCP): Landscape, Security Threats, and Future Research Directions.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Model Context Protocol (MCP): Landscape, Security Threats, and Future Research Directions
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.183691Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 84960dc4-671a-44e2-9735-fecc8d588714 · outbound
This paper cites JSONSchemaBench: A Rigorous Benchmark of Structured Outputs for Language Models.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools JSONSchemaBench: A Rigorous Benchmark of Structured Outputs for Language Models
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.272962Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation abdd9d83-3fd3-47f5-b54e-b0af20935c7d · outbound
This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.327020Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1f79f661-ba7d-4b01-9b85-5a02d3cd10c2 · outbound
This paper cites Gemma 3 Technical Report.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Gemma 3 Technical Report
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.355968Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9fb00633-9cd2-4a97-b4c0-2a53d0bd1ca7 · outbound
This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.470381Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cc705581-a7e0-4e56-a191-f311a1c0cae4 · outbound
This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Qwen3 Technical Report
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.622392Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a9a0da89-892c-40bc-b1de-e41c06c0a6a2 · outbound
This paper cites Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.772341Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 376ede46-c4eb-4510-8b6f-4b0cef94e5b6 · outbound
This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.17892.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.17892
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.939653Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4bed2e4e-dad8-49cc-b052-7d585855933e · outbound
This paper cites MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.044493Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f608ba78-d96c-4225-b51d-c4f611ae47ca · outbound
This paper cites Targeted Multilingual Adaptation for Low-resource Language Families.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Targeted Multilingual Adaptation for Low-resource Language Families
Reference 25
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.645812Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4fc4bbf7-5c21-47fb-b7ea-9cf6057d8c3f · outbound
This paper cites Planning, Creation, Usage: Benchmarking LLMs for Comprehensive Tool Utilization in Real-World Complex Scenarios.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Planning, Creation, Usage: Benchmarking LLMs for Comprehensive Tool Utilization in Real-World Complex Scenarios
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.386705Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ac1df20-9361-4c43-82c9-f4898d7e2d0e · outbound
This paper cites MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Use.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Use
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.549550Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation df1edc00-06ac-4a00-ba81-7c9cc172fbae · outbound
This paper cites T-Eval: Evaluating the Tool Utilization Capability of Large Language Models Step by Step.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools T-Eval: Evaluating the Tool Utilization Capability of Large Language Models Step by Step
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.725080Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fbf94218-c712-4739-a720-6cd219610e7c · outbound
This paper cites Efficient Unseen Language Adaptation for Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Models.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Efficient Unseen Language Adaptation for Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Models
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:49.264659Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4e5ac1d4-53b1-4a8f-881b-74a20ced8816 · outbound
This paper cites ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilities.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilities
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.975577Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 287eecaa-81d8-4a2e-a7e9-1059420c2b39 · outbound
This paper cites BgGPT 1.0: Extending English-centric LLMs to other languages.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools BgGPT 1.0: Extending English-centric LLMs to other languages
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.121143Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b4b705f0-16f9-406f-94d3-6aebd44a91c2 · outbound
This paper cites ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs
Reference 32
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.230073Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 34f7d832-b3d0-4413-99cc-6b69a2c04b16 · outbound
This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge
Reference 2018
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.079021Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 73d4e4bb-02ae-48ad-b0a7-61fe38e3bd34 · outbound
This paper cites HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?
Reference 2019
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.828630Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2baf46c8-9fe3-405d-b0bf-e1de986fea0d · outbound
This paper cites Transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing
Reference 2020
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:49.560821Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 764d763a-de98-4b6e-8e40-653970d6da41 · outbound
This paper cites Recent work demonstrates that soft-prompt tuning can achieve effective cross-lingual transfer using merely 0.28% of tuned parameters (Chen and Chen 2024).
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Recent work demonstrates that soft-prompt tuning can achieve effective cross-lingual transfer using merely 0.28% of tuned parameters (Chen and Chen 2024)
Reference 2022
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.022739Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 32332ab8-1414-4db8-840f-4d7307550ec4 · outbound
This paper cites ToolAlpaca: Generalized Tool Learning for Language Models with 3000 Simulated Cases.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools ToolAlpaca: Generalized Tool Learning for Language Models with 3000 Simulated Cases
Reference 2023
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.295869Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 93e61d6e-6388-45c5-8f03-9a92646a305d · outbound
This paper cites book a flight to Barcelona.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools book a flight to Barcelona
Reference 2024
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.997359Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a74eae30-4826-45e3-a102-9babe43a3cfe · outbound
This paper cites curse of multilinguality.
Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools curse of multilinguality
Reference 2025
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.684734Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.