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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 82 of 82 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.23423.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.23423 v1

Coverage vector

measured 82 of 82 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:15.708071Z

measured 82 of 82 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

82 of 82 outbound references displayed

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  • verified fuzzy39
  • unresolved42
  • parse uncertain0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 11530aa0-a69b-44b0-82e5-d4a0eac97c56 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs write newline

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 28f0fb6c-96a9-43d5-81a7-ac2f2baed5aa · outbound

This paper cites and Bengio, Y.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs and Bengio, Y

Reference 2

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Observation 98014e69-ec1b-42ac-8d76-047f2649a8d2 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting Language Model Attacks with Perplexity.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Detecting Language Model Attacks with Perplexity

Reference 3

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Observation ddcd7fb7-a73f-42fc-990f-611cfd74c0ce · outbound

This paper cites Many-shot jailbreaking.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Many-shot jailbreaking

Reference 4

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation dfebdf56-68ee-4a0c-ba8d-933110cccce6 · outbound

This paper cites A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment

Reference 5

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Observation 272f05c4-9832-4a2c-affb-178f5ccd50bc · outbound

This paper cites and Mitchell, T.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs and Mitchell, T

Reference 6

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 5e453a55-13ea-411e-b6cd-8c2430b730a8 · outbound

This paper cites L., Kiros, J.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs L., Kiros, J

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 514b5e1e-390d-44e3-be10-34608d74f874 · outbound

This paper cites Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

Reference 8

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Observation 273aef57-9dee-4ada-9ea9-0eb616ddbe9f · outbound

This paper cites Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback

Reference 9

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Observation b495c4fc-c699-4382-8e83-339b88d7fec0 · outbound

This paper cites Probing classifiers: Promises, shortcomings, and advances.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Probing classifiers: Promises, shortcomings, and advances

Reference 10

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verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 5aeaffa9-d871-4e00-bd1e-f8c9606cad02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 797f06ed-30e0-4f57-bb68-dffd9f83ca83 · outbound

This paper cites Findings of the 2014 workshop on statistical machine translation.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Findings of the 2014 workshop on statistical machine translation

Reference 12

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 8afe053c-0705-45c7-b348-e18d398fa904 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 96af58ad-8010-4154-bc39-7cbe16c189ff · outbound

This paper cites D., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs D., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al

Reference 14

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Observation 307cd53b-9ad0-4451-a276-ed23d4e53805 · outbound

This paper cites Discovering latent knowledge in language models without supervision.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Discovering latent knowledge in language models without supervision

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:09.677146Z digest=sha256:1f16f31e9d8ad010ca5cb406a885616a3ee225f372618d3ab5bdd48069d58bcc

Observation 4b66a7c0-548f-4ed6-92cc-b42cf8cdb638 · outbound

This paper cites T., Rubanova, Y., Bettencourt, J., and Duvenaud, D.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs T., Rubanova, Y., Bettencourt, J., and Duvenaud, D

Reference 16

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Observation c36b8460-eae7-4d24-aaca-52c57daf4a56 · outbound

This paper cites F., Leike, J., Brown, T., Martic, M., Legg, S., and Amodei, D.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs F., Leike, J., Brown, T., Martic, M., Legg, S., and Amodei, D

Reference 17

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 7fbe74fe-5aae-4b87-bd7c-0731c48bdd92 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation c8fb532b-f6fb-48c0-9868-7ee5d2df62d8 · outbound

This paper cites Some Gronwall Type Inequalities and Applications.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Some Gronwall Type Inequalities and Applications

Reference 19

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation b5a5b923-cc7a-4c02-bf93-277ba01b23f5 · outbound

This paper cites A mathematical framework for transformer circuits.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs A mathematical framework for transformer circuits

Reference 20

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 58c914b9-f0e6-4f1f-bcab-af5844742540 · outbound

This paper cites Red teaming language models to reduce harms: Methods, scaling behaviors, and lessons learned.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Red teaming language models to reduce harms: Methods, scaling behaviors, and lessons learned

Reference 21

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 95b7ae7e-e6b0-49f0-b355-35e404ff342a · outbound

This paper cites and Cohen, V.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs and Cohen, V

Reference 22

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Observation 0b01ad6c-1553-4f94-aeaf-35174d70be89 · outbound

This paper cites Studying Large Language Model Generalization with Influence Functions.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Studying Large Language Model Generalization with Influence Functions

Reference 23

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Observation 44509aa4-dcbb-4ac5-a059-e3ed9a20661c · outbound

This paper cites Simfluence: Modeling the Influence of Individual Training Examples by Simulating Training Runs.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Simfluence: Modeling the Influence of Individual Training Examples by Simulating Training Runs

Reference 24

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Observation bf75480a-18dc-42ac-b81a-7cd7e49a98c4 · outbound

This paper cites and Lowd, D.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs and Lowd, D

Reference 25

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Observation ccf145ba-bb60-499d-b453-6d5f708eb58f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

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Observation c6347fd1-5141-45ff-aad1-72db5103a14f · outbound

This paper cites Measuring massive multitask language understanding.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Measuring massive multitask language understanding

Reference 27

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation c9713db3-7069-4d25-81e5-730d8001c21f · outbound

This paper cites T., Wortsman, M., Schmidt, L., Hajishirzi, H., and Farhadi, A.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs T., Wortsman, M., Schmidt, L., Hajishirzi, H., and Farhadi, A

Reference 28

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation bd980144-df89-4caa-a4dd-723363ff5558 · outbound

This paper cites Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models

Reference 29

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Observation 4ea4ae9f-5069-4b41-bc4a-b5013347fbd1 · outbound

This paper cites S., Dick, R.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs S., Dick, R

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

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Observation 110ac578-c07b-4ac8-84f4-8fad90ae4719 · outbound

This paper cites J., Hassani, H., Zhang, Y., Wong, E., and Chang, S.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs J., Hassani, H., Zhang, Y., Wong, E., and Chang, S

Reference 31

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:10.883412Z digest=sha256:8101d1417e81b1245e4f928410fe64a4a9ad97e73c44ae9e884111ad8ef2b439

Observation a4fa776e-d0c1-47b8-b23e-abcca74867eb · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Mistral 7B

Reference 32

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source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:10.939916Z digest=sha256:2012305bee354dd14b2ca19130b50d635a7951519de73c3c009e788b2c7a1f81

Observation 489955c0-948c-4197-a2a2-a1abcd06a870 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.005440Z digest=sha256:701103962aae149772402474d50ab312d88f756cd717a609d71a15d943b9ca6e

Observation 82a7e538-6321-4518-922f-a9077c226613 · outbound

This paper cites M., and Raghunathan, A.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs M., and Raghunathan, A

Reference 34

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.048854Z digest=sha256:59fb2adce01da55eff2cc4d8d564084bc71907c98faf3be4c872a72434ef321b

Observation 24a8235f-d6b6-49a1-8b5c-952c5a5137a9 · outbound

This paper cites J., Feizi, S., and Lakkaraju, H.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs J., Feizi, S., and Lakkaraju, H

Reference 35

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.102975Z digest=sha256:098719ab1b176021d02c5ac3478f24ec0b595a8b42c919cb26623e924c2d6c77

Observation 94c67bc4-9f51-4813-8ecf-5e69d0c055c3 · outbound

This paper cites Inference-time intervention: Eliciting truthful answers from a language model.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Inference-time intervention: Eliciting truthful answers from a language model

Reference 36

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:21.602108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.167233Z digest=sha256:866857d3d39359b0cd20b07052de342d2c3cba314f1d747038b1a21aa897de98

Observation edde39ab-306e-4777-899d-462e85b14e52 · outbound

This paper cites Mitigating the alignment tax of rlhf.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Mitigating the alignment tax of rlhf

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:21.399339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.213011Z digest=sha256:606b2aa283b3ed463e89a5efa9d285d1bea891dff68707b086047a1843f495b3

Observation 902ef6a5-2222-48ef-8d3b-c6ab239a19cd · outbound

This paper cites Autodan: Generating stealthy jailbreak prompts on aligned large language models.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Autodan: Generating stealthy jailbreak prompts on aligned large language models

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:21.188573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.289885Z digest=sha256:e6787d8c38d44f3cf665b673e8021dd5c9b56254f3055d957b3ca8a1bbccf3af

Observation 66448d81-a58d-4c64-8d69-4d40050cd8f8 · outbound

This paper cites S., Love, J., Tafti, P., et al.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs S., Love, J., Tafti, P., et al

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:20.939705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.340601Z digest=sha256:e7115413e5cbd26bbf7692d81e6bf60c2b0032bb7a1da8e3ef931abfcd4d9e84

Observation 5054b570-47f1-4485-823c-6012c28e52bb · outbound

This paper cites Introducing meta llama 3: The most capable openly available llm to date.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Introducing meta llama 3: The most capable openly available llm to date

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:20.718367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.382752Z digest=sha256:640240b21d7ee6430b33c70c76269ae799aa25248f8ffcf85ff2330d8b4335c4

Observation 3d35a9f4-6f16-443c-a2f4-d275cb3629d2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:20.546537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.460531Z digest=sha256:abf8a70ea54c13138f7fdbe193ab05b55d378c2248c39ecd948004c666bee434

Observation 6f65c769-b3d9-4055-8d59-943d5e5e2d68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:20.359492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.540409Z digest=sha256:4e1e16b485bf5a84ae59c1a02a25831c1de86f24c87cddc0b7f07b910f804bc7

Observation 1a28686a-cbd2-4f9e-9624-af4d1f26f435 · outbound

This paper cites Zoom in: An introduction to circuits.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Zoom in: An introduction to circuits

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:11.630278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.630278Z digest=sha256:f084a20f4b6609048afe1ebd3752a1b3d42f6d130eb4397fbf3fcfc11d8b7b40

Observation 4c932f7b-a6cd-40c2-90e5-61d6593d9101 · outbound

This paper cites In-context learning and induction heads.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs In-context learning and induction heads

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:11.722649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.722649Z digest=sha256:34230f639d23d4d761287ac8f7c64985fe8ea2418f774b8ebe61e712efbc99ee

Observation 765e5289-0a79-4f8d-9442-c616f48b7091 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:11.792067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.792067Z digest=sha256:57c1b7f78d5e608dfb5f3e5834d6a7d45ba31c338ecb4bea3bc31711307a6c65

Observation 3b5d72cb-eb9a-4489-8f29-e3dbb350313c · outbound

This paper cites Discovering language model behaviors with model-written evaluations.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Discovering language model behaviors with model-written evaluations

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:20.196981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.899853Z digest=sha256:d0d05f2088f4bf55accd308e0401062efb6b2f56483c78bf22834b62d06ea1fb

Observation 87e43776-7b36-453e-94a7-835b5318ec61 · outbound

This paper cites D., Peng, S., Szyller, S., Cornelius, C., and Chau, D.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs D., Peng, S., Szyller, S., Cornelius, C., and Chau, D

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:20.034008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:11.986883Z digest=sha256:7c0bd6fa44eb0207dba9d825a6ed23ce3e2abc532b65ff9736ea15c6f3e8ae8b

Observation e3d3f5ab-8216-4305-ad2a-2aeb7c4e346a · outbound

This paper cites R., Haklay, T., Belinkov, Y., and Bau, D.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs R., Haklay, T., Belinkov, Y., and Bau, D

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:19.846769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.078437Z digest=sha256:f0a742824024316ba0313196502dbcd58f864c9dd51ff00923e3db7e5832cfff

Observation 9f325cc8-205d-423b-af98-6f5d17ad4ef7 · outbound

This paper cites Estimating training data influence by tracing gradient descent.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Estimating training data influence by tracing gradient descent

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:12.202001Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.202001Z digest=sha256:0937f3be2f934266f94d874f1124a3d085f487ca1ef7ea40ccc78b3876e2109d

Observation b016f0f6-eb93-4beb-9eb2-798e3ad64259 · outbound

This paper cites Improving language understanding by generative pre-training.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Improving language understanding by generative pre-training

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:19.642833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.324124Z digest=sha256:27ab672142aa8bfcea031f0f4e4f40b4337d7cfdf4925126e55a445bd2af9376

Observation 0c9ca3a3-0489-42d6-a7f6-799bdab5d4c7 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Language models are unsupervised multitask learners

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:12.449919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.449919Z digest=sha256:2e5bedb9a2eda7fb0430a67d4a05e3ed4a86ece07504cbde216ea7c45cf21ce6

Observation 331303f3-f014-47b2-9f96-fdbaf752e2f8 · outbound

This paper cites D., Ermon, S., and Finn, C.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs D., Ermon, S., and Finn, C

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:12.552595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.552595Z digest=sha256:5819fcbc5998781209a1eef1996e1a782b5d48c1a6cbef6726011045c2c135e3

Observation 941eb56e-f336-402c-92c9-a1d59c9db317 · outbound

This paper cites Steering llama 2 via contrastive activation addition.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Steering llama 2 via contrastive activation addition

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:19.477112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.631298Z digest=sha256:081ddc2bfa8b9a4022fbd54416cc06947db620355d0de3c6913a507cb8e98344

Observation 4de447e7-f623-4220-9235-de629f309381 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:19.293166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.698288Z digest=sha256:3689e45b2fea5b75b14fffec308253367f98199a65f5e517b78f7b6042577a56

Observation 991c5ca1-6b91-466c-9cc1-86818e3f7a5a · outbound

This paper cites The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:12.791904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.791904Z digest=sha256:1a0049f5eff627706a3e539da28d4b77e33a3b63522ce6b7c31a6f65ac7fddf0

Observation 9d759957-1809-45b5-9c31-20276b76c71e · outbound

This paper cites Principles of Mathematical Analysis.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Principles of Mathematical Analysis

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:19.098581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:12.921892Z digest=sha256:a6bf8ce89d62a7e32e859a5d5184b87578cf2b6879c1dfcfab63ee1113e36e45

Observation 4cd72699-35f4-451d-a3cd-b08bc067df87 · outbound

This paper cites E., Ablin, P., and Peyr \'e , G.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs E., Ablin, P., and Peyr \'e , G

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:18.955649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.000216Z digest=sha256:cd7151591cb30bc75bf43c574dc7394f4b54c1815b7cde1a5ad00935d6650723

Observation 7dc37f8b-3d6c-431f-a25a-58fe4fe2073a · outbound

This paper cites Scaling up influence functions.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Scaling up influence functions

Reference 58

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:15.881705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.091869Z digest=sha256:e54ea3579511e743b25a24474fb51600299b4eb49d8cdb7a479cd96f37b8b29c

Observation 141717dd-485a-40bc-921b-0193b85c374c · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:13.190645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.190645Z digest=sha256:1eb42785d75f9c976e138345de1939325f2e2b08a434c131b828d33744d935a0

Observation 1da68090-2452-46a4-8b8c-0af7e9dbee35 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:13.273251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.273251Z digest=sha256:2421b639fa8cf133ceb6d2c7062a5bda34ccf988e30c0bdfea654a28dd55fe0d

Observation 05fe8d04-a38e-437a-a2c0-8839d005047b · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:13.383086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.383086Z digest=sha256:dab06c01b0b2ccb4b9d2fd38fce466905aee0d47ce0e2070bbc94dc70c7945f9

Observation 645c1113-24ab-4560-8a98-1ab03e5ab596 · outbound

This paper cites and Schmid, P.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs and Schmid, P

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:18.803124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.483634Z digest=sha256:9a923838b05998c8b8478ae0ff400f6dbb69d19cc14966504d275ea7d5f61188

Observation ef2e07b4-647e-444f-a69b-391f780e4087 · outbound

This paper cites M., and Wolf, T.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs M., and Wolf, T

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:13.588160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.588160Z digest=sha256:280856c2b8a0f343b6999bcef1685163a435a08bc11ade8a574b20c5eda58545

Observation f4f4400d-d201-4ce8-aad8-0bca1230bccf · outbound

This paper cites N., Kaiser, ., and Polosukhin, I.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs N., Kaiser, ., and Polosukhin, I

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:13.710850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.710850Z digest=sha256:5bc70c7ef337569ce9fd39a514fc7b568c2d81b427a7d8c819ec4bde06615ea5

Observation e4d4d359-498c-4aa8-87c0-e30e26dfeba9 · outbound

This paper cites Ordinary differential equations, volume 182.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Ordinary differential equations, volume 182

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:18.625098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.837715Z digest=sha256:79cd3ef49a010a34db9b59865a86dcdb4e97c246e851a9ffc6d1d2c464fc6a8a

Observation 49835ec9-7ca4-4ec7-8796-4cd22ba9849e · outbound

This paper cites R., Variengien, A., Conmy, A., Shlegeris, B., and Steinhardt, J.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs R., Variengien, A., Conmy, A., Shlegeris, B., and Steinhardt, J

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:18.478557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:13.945000Z digest=sha256:f6ba796998f87b5608eeaae29976691b4cd6b71c72300979d937df7160202236

Observation 82882878-958b-4dca-ace3-cba5e2a13876 · outbound

This paper cites Defending llms against jailbreaking attacks via backtranslation.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Defending llms against jailbreaking attacks via backtranslation

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:18.297796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.037105Z digest=sha256:c501fe1caa2e7f70855185d30e937d24b2944454575eb2a1edb857ca49ce25b3

Observation a3bb0431-892f-4ba6-93ac-98e594c730f1 · outbound

This paper cites Jailbroken: How does llm safety training fail? Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36, 2024.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Jailbroken: How does llm safety training fail? Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36, 2024

Reference 68

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:14.122695Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.122695Z digest=sha256:a5ceb7ca9fb772ef4b7a117760cd795e240dd40d9d96fa064e931bcc25bffdeb

Observation 91a5de1e-7136-471f-8b1e-d8f5cafc65b2 · outbound

This paper cites Larger language models do in-context learning differently, 2023.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Larger language models do in-context learning differently, 2023

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:18.168581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.126441Z digest=sha256:e7423778fb62384397358327619485949c53514b0fc08f0f3c2d1773bf8a735e

Observation 52dc678e-658e-4d5b-927d-471c32b269a3 · outbound

This paper cites Principal component analysis.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Principal component analysis

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:17.918649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.140850Z digest=sha256:4503bd820e966def301ddf2d5a80698a5b71bcc5e6c1bbdff616cb0a40758458

Observation 4ff83114-967b-4853-8112-e30ffad8073e · outbound

This paper cites Usage statistics of content languages for websites.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Usage statistics of content languages for websites

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:17.599966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.220322Z digest=sha256:4660100dfaa9772a4228de49a186f54ba932d6ee92d36353f41555699f862f17

Observation b6808509-f61e-451e-ae9f-06a3e3db47c0 · outbound

This paper cites W., Li, M., Kornblith, S., Roelofs, R., Lopes, R.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs W., Li, M., Kornblith, S., Roelofs, R., Lopes, R

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:17.403142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.419434Z digest=sha256:3dd6d955c527c91f54b837a7bfcdf87b736da9cc3cfcedce95d666fc9bcea305

Observation b3c69623-c5e6-4268-ad71-a0e9e07bd2de · outbound

This paper cites Defending chatgpt against jailbreak attack via self-reminders.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Defending chatgpt against jailbreak attack via self-reminders

Reference 73

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:14.587991Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.587991Z digest=sha256:953c85d7f14423f543aa6b2700e3468061e2a2d315c6bfff110c6a42588cbb39

Observation 1dd52d6f-44c9-4c3b-962c-40c2abc494f2 · outbound

This paper cites Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence? In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp.\ 4791--4800, 2019.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence? In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp.\ 4791--4800, 2019

Reference 74

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:14.750123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.750123Z digest=sha256:612ec7f8d2c8b1bc2b1ba87e35d90f5a0964043a10b08d26ebd7b16d1ede6b89

Observation 4b139d30-5173-4a69-8cf7-84ed591f0703 · outbound

This paper cites and Sennrich, R.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs and Sennrich, R

Reference 75

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:14.950317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:14.950317Z digest=sha256:9fa5f5a8e4aeba7a86452a764ceab5f5959e7ca33d653857cf59208cb8d9def2

Observation 932661df-5f6a-47d3-986e-594921747b4b · outbound

This paper cites Intention analysis makes llms a good jailbreak defender.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Intention analysis makes llms a good jailbreak defender

Reference 76

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:15.176064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:15.176064Z digest=sha256:9c48276455640e17aa48af3b75270dd30453bf4ca938fc5d7073d9c25cc61aa9

Observation 00ba2fe8-d947-4029-afeb-ccb85aa337b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 77

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:17.223607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:15.282190Z digest=sha256:8595ba65f9be164aa74da2ef70ac3321ed3dfd622bb61ba4927431be98a35370

Observation ce3f861b-a1a6-4190-b104-8328c3c0f3fb · outbound

This paper cites Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena

Reference 78

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:17.016547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:15.375077Z digest=sha256:e923a9e6eeb9446ab4ca89d22c8549cc63eb96216a34dba0902ce2880d20f90c

Observation 551163d5-80a9-440b-b1eb-e5d18b1b001a · outbound

This paper cites Defending jailbreak prompts via in-context adversarial game.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Defending jailbreak prompts via in-context adversarial game

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:16.753576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:15.439301Z digest=sha256:dd1c4f6b2d26ecf910d0027d66ae873a32e5c0606c9642888cd09e0ae834f28d

Observation a1ecdf43-6ed1-40fb-87c5-92bde0b8a237 · outbound

This paper cites Autodan: Interpretable gradient-based adversarial attacks on large language models.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Autodan: Interpretable gradient-based adversarial attacks on large language models

Reference 80

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:16.526922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:15.530210Z digest=sha256:ea528d049805de5e08e8f6c7e83e5eaaaf4a37d5d5af5a21ceb912105c2515df

Observation 5b88c3f7-2409-4b3a-9905-3be64ecef70b · outbound

This paper cites Representation engineering: A top-down approach to ai transparency.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Representation engineering: A top-down approach to ai transparency

Reference 81

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:16.220295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:15.634354Z digest=sha256:03d6b8abf4a953aedd73270238a6cfb139c3c09802a1b479a2778dbdd8e42129

Observation 0f825aa7-64ac-428f-91a8-1f6f32b76ea8 · outbound

This paper cites Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models.

TuCo: Measuring the Contribution of Fine-Tuning to Individual Responses of LLMs Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models

Reference 82

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:50:15.708071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T21:50:15.708071Z digest=sha256:6cc00eba1ddfcd00b467cdff34ceb5587cb1c1aa84da30a712f0522c5aa9ffb6

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.