Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 61 of 61 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2507.10618.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.10618 v1

Coverage vector

measured 61 of 61 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.798959Z

measured 62 of 62 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T11:04:06.709639Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

61 of 61 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy23
unresolved37
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation f69a9172-d663-48b3-a565-bfe80254bfc2 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models write newline

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation c305ddff-6da6-4a5d-ab32-b8602446b4ea · outbound

This paper cites Keep the Future Human: Why and How We Should Close the Gates to AGI and Superintelligence, and What We Should Build Instead.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Keep the Future Human: Why and How We Should Close the Gates to AGI and Superintelligence, and What We Should Build Instead

Reference 2

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Observation d6dc3a6a-fbcd-4f24-bce8-82a034c30d40 · outbound

This paper cites d., Zemlyanskiy, Y., Lebron, F., and Sanghai, S.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models d., Zemlyanskiy, Y., Lebron, F., and Sanghai, S

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.977283Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f721723a-5b41-490c-945f-15ee9eb3f56e · outbound

This paper cites Singe: leveraging warp specialization for high performance on GPUs.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Singe: leveraging warp specialization for high performance on GPUs

Reference 4

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Observation f5d8c39d-7c79-4d93-bd95-c6f69a639ac3 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle

Reference 5

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Observation 1dc6f337-8d56-4551-bb60-06fbabc6a2b2 · outbound

This paper cites and Aarne, O.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models and Aarne, O

Reference 6

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 719b0000-6b6f-417a-b092-9fc69b516320 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.222545Z

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Observation ff819399-79ba-46d1-9d9f-9a8e93c0fcad · outbound

This paper cites Y., Ermon, S., Rudra, A., and Ré, C.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Y., Ermon, S., Rudra, A., and Ré, C

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.938915Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation ccf5aff4-cd22-4ee0-84a7-531d541564d2 · outbound

This paper cites AI capabilities can be significantly improved without expensive retraining.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models AI capabilities can be significantly improved without expensive retraining

Reference 9

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Observation 5cfba068-da66-49e2-8e5a-d27aa0780433 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.250915Z

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Observation 4a20838f-463c-4426-9131-4dc3232d29c5 · outbound

This paper cites LLM .int8(): 8-bit matrix multiplication for transformers at scale.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models LLM .int8(): 8-bit matrix multiplication for transformers at scale

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.919818Z

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Observation 719527bf-0822-43b7-ac90-8e208eac7646 · outbound

This paper cites DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 12

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Observation 791c26f8-3758-47e5-9ac6-097a147c4c08 · outbound

This paper cites Data on machine learning hardware”, 10 2024 a.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Data on machine learning hardware”, 10 2024 a

Reference 13

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8a92075b-a35b-4bc6-8740-5dcaa71cdfc0 · outbound

This paper cites Data on notable ai models, 6 2024 b.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Data on notable ai models, 6 2024 b

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.881293Z

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Observation 57512f90-59f4-4a18-853c-26f7737777c8 · outbound

This paper cites Y., Rozière, B., Lopez-Paz, D., and Synnaeve, G.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Y., Rozière, B., Lopez-Paz, D., and Synnaeve, G

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.856249Z

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Observation c05fc0aa-a08e-4158-8370-5129f4a950e5 · outbound

This paper cites The llama 3 herd of models, 2024.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models The llama 3 herd of models, 2024

Reference 16

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Observation 1abf9a50-f661-4232-83f2-f7ee662dfbca · outbound

This paper cites OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models

Reference 17

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Observation d8ff9c9d-7180-4c3c-ad36-fd7448f3b024 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 18

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Observation db65259c-1453-413a-ac3d-060312d30a94 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute Thresholds: Features and Functions in AI Regulation.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Training Compute Thresholds: Features and Functions in AI Regulation

Reference 19

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Observation 1da85014-507c-4906-a44b-3e80fc7791d7 · outbound

This paper cites Governing Through the Cloud: The Intermediary Role of Compute Providers in AI Regulation.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Governing Through the Cloud: The Intermediary Role of Compute Providers in AI Regulation

Reference 20

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Observation 3d1c3aab-0e5e-4648-926c-6264bba90a94 · outbound

This paper cites C., Atkinson, D., Thompson, N., and Sevilla, J.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models C., Atkinson, D., Thompson, N., and Sevilla, J

Reference 21

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Observation 42364564-f950-4926-8fa2-a5b69a4df9f8 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 22

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Observation 99f13ff3-60f1-4ef3-bd76-0e8884c2e7c1 · outbound

This paper cites X., Chen, D., Lee, H., Ngiam, J., Le, Q.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models X., Chen, D., Lee, H., Ngiam, J., Le, Q

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.761270Z

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Observation abbd5c08-f795-45d7-ac53-55422ecfc97f · outbound

This paper cites OpenAI o1 System Card.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models OpenAI o1 System Card

Reference 24

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Observation 6fd544a5-b38c-48c9-acec-fb8161a9432c · outbound

This paper cites INTELLECT-1 Technical Report.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models INTELLECT-1 Technical Report

Reference 25

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Observation e5a4203a-e4bb-4b07-a65c-2cd1d0b278e5 · outbound

This paper cites A., Casper, J., Lym, S., McAfee, L., Andersch, M., Shoeybi, M., and Catanzaro, B.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models A., Casper, J., Lym, S., McAfee, L., Andersch, M., Shoeybi, M., and Catanzaro, B

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.736429Z

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Observation f3b1e7a6-34a1-4262-92a2-1bf319440393 · outbound

This paper cites and Richardson, J.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models and Richardson, J

Reference 27

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Observation 89ce5661-ef05-4d88-912f-41043ec817b3 · outbound

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Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

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Observation a567dbfd-b4cf-4dad-b443-62089bfd678f · outbound

This paper cites Tulu 3: Pushing Frontiers in Open Language Model Post-Training.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Tulu 3: Pushing Frontiers in Open Language Model Post-Training

Reference 29

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Observation 5dfb8932-f712-4074-870c-aee3c2c76947 · outbound

This paper cites Breadth- First Pipeline Parallelism.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Breadth- First Pipeline Parallelism

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation c3f4d42b-6e93-4831-a992-d294155eb37e · outbound

This paper cites Y., Bansal, H., Guha, E., Keh, S.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Y., Bansal, H., Guha, E., Keh, S

Reference 31

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Observation 88d4c21f-7482-4fcc-8d7a-fc3df3933a6a · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek - V2 : A Strong , Economical , and Efficient Mixture -of- Experts Language Model , 2024 a.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models DeepSeek - V2 : A Strong , Economical , and Efficient Mixture -of- Experts Language Model , 2024 a

Reference 32

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Observation a231fb33-0500-4644-a31c-6828beb2a539 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report , 2024 b.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report , 2024 b

Reference 33

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Observation 169dd436-8c5e-4c78-89ef-3d3a6c658dcc · outbound

This paper cites RingAttention with Blockwise Transformers for Near - Infinite Context.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models RingAttention with Blockwise Transformers for Near - Infinite Context

Reference 34

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Observation 9ec8f71e-88c0-4c41-885b-850e94f8bd57 · outbound

This paper cites and Hutter, F.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models and Hutter, F

Reference 35

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Observation c20235db-a039-4655-995f-4d30b62fcac9 · outbound

This paper cites A Narrow Path , December 2024.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models A Narrow Path , December 2024

Reference 36

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Observation 32f6c21a-cbc1-4442-97e5-a9de43da17e3 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient large-scale language model training on GPU clusters using megatron- LM.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Efficient large-scale language model training on GPU clusters using megatron- LM

Reference 37

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This paper cites 8-bit Numerical Formats for Deep Neural Networks.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models 8-bit Numerical Formats for Deep Neural Networks

Reference 38

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Observation 96c23c3a-279b-4e92-bae0-f37dcaeb5e94 · outbound

This paper cites 2 OLMo 2 Furious.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models 2 OLMo 2 Furious

Reference 39

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Observation 274f74bb-7a5c-4c68-8e5e-0ced52b97744 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 40

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Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models FP8-LM: Training FP8 Large Language Models

Reference 41

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This paper cites Interim report: Mechanisms for flexible hardware-enabled guarantees.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Interim report: Mechanisms for flexible hardware-enabled guarantees

Reference 42

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Observation ca69206e-a668-4bb2-9a07-da97a6c67d5b · outbound

This paper cites Zero Bubble ( Almost ) Pipeline Parallelism.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Zero Bubble ( Almost ) Pipeline Parallelism

Reference 43

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 143b9edd-ac9c-4167-895d-b94549fb2c2a · outbound

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Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0d7c284c-e6b5-4f87-8d59-71be33809431 · outbound

This paper cites ZeRO : memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models ZeRO : memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.477580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 3e9c890e-d1b4-4d87-b305-89413aa8e87d · outbound

This paper cites Y., Ruwase, O., Yang, S., Zhang, M., Li, D., and He, Y.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Y., Ruwase, O., Yang, S., Zhang, M., Li, D., and He, Y

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.448105Z

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Observation 7f7f17ce-2477-44f5-9ab0-727640d7fbab · outbound

This paper cites Computing Power and the Governance of Artificial Intelligence.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Computing Power and the Governance of Artificial Intelligence

Reference 47

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Observation 0e0ba793-9521-4dfd-8f35-a3ecb8986113 · outbound

This paper cites and Thiergart, L.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models and Thiergart, L

Reference 48

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This paper cites Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units

Reference 49

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Observation c1e958a6-5658-4762-9752-fbb46c6c1a6b · outbound

This paper cites GLU Variants Improve Transformer.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models GLU Variants Improve Transformer

Reference 50

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Observation 33e57a43-69a5-46d7-9940-4cb47c0f34f9 · outbound

This paper cites Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.678586Z

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Observation c865a99a-058a-4ac4-88ae-423faa6c7887 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

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Observation e4a08b0b-2314-4b31-bfcd-745c0cfba9f7 · outbound

This paper cites RoFormer : Enhanced transformer with Rotary Position Embedding.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models RoFormer : Enhanced transformer with Rotary Position Embedding

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.701306Z

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Observation 8c9e014d-64cd-47e3-ac14-837f4dce1447 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.710494Z

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Observation 1bc59c9e-4d4c-489c-9008-6f4400b94fb2 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.724494Z

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Observation 1e92a1f9-563d-4771-adda-acfda88560a6 · outbound

This paper cites N., Kaiser, ., and Polosukhin, I.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models N., Kaiser, ., and Polosukhin, I

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.404323Z

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Observation 0aa70b7c-96a6-4874-b10a-89baf9b25753 · outbound

This paper cites Auxiliary- Loss - Free Load Balancing Strategy for Mixture -of- Experts.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models Auxiliary- Loss - Free Load Balancing Strategy for Mixture -of- Experts

Reference 57

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.382124Z

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Observation a2a851bd-e006-4495-871c-b13c6e4a11ce · outbound

This paper cites CCNet: Extracting High Quality Monolingual Datasets from Web Crawl Data.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models CCNet: Extracting High Quality Monolingual Datasets from Web Crawl Data

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.757421Z

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Observation 51bc122c-b4c3-40af-9d2c-bce7d537755e · outbound

This paper cites A., Oguz, B., Khabsa, M., Fang, H., Mehdad, Y., Narang, S., Malik, K., Fan, A., Bhosale, S., Edunov, S., Lewis, M., Wang, S., and Ma, H.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models A., Oguz, B., Khabsa, M., Fang, H., Mehdad, Y., Narang, S., Malik, K., Fan, A., Bhosale, S., Edunov, S., Lewis, M., Wang, S., and Ma, H

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.774046Z

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Observation 43bdfeb4-5090-4e69-ac4b-6b151f68f56f · outbound

This paper cites and Sennrich, R.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models and Sennrich, R

Reference 60

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:51.348913Z

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Observation 5dc1ac43-38ad-440f-8dcf-e4a9f8245472 · outbound

This paper cites PyTorch FSDP: Experiences on Scaling Fully Sharded Data Parallel.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models PyTorch FSDP: Experiences on Scaling Fully Sharded Data Parallel

Reference 61

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Pith citing papers

Observation 299b95fc-a2c2-4edd-bc72-b193a081b56c · inbound

How to Catch a GPU: A Taxonomy of Verification and Enforcement Mechanisms for International AI Agreements cites this paper.

How to Catch a GPU: A Taxonomy of Verification and Enforcement Mechanisms for International AI Agreements Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T11:04:06.709639Z

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