Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.23135.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.23135 v1

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:11.949078Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T07:03:38.967856Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T07:16:44.552295Z

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact9
verified fuzzy1
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e7943dac-0e18-4d48-899b-9b9aee6d8048 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:16.354811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 238bad71-0938-4270-b812-051d02b01192 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:16.128884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation cbd87005-60de-41c8-a98c-b892af7e5c45 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:08.871600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed4fdecc-49b3-48e5-af32-9069940bf7fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:13.218674Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 1dba08e5-a72b-411e-87e7-82bd8aba714b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:13.039025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ad7cdcfb-f0f8-41c3-961a-db279ea6aacf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:12.852138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ec0de841-e814-4430-b98a-77d2ad507020 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:15.870940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e36b159a-7956-4d42-9169-9a8f81e7199b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:15.653998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d6801dd2-fe1b-4610-9e5d-24e1c0090768 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:15.372891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 906c489a-8fc6-4d72-b05e-34edb18216c5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:12.696872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 98ac901b-6d05-4f8c-aab0-609c5b0b3797 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:09.616367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17a9ea97-3a52-490a-9428-6b143314c160 · outbound

This paper cites CaT-BENCH: Benchmarking Language Model Understanding of Causal and Temporal Dependencies in Plans.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans CaT-BENCH: Benchmarking Language Model Understanding of Causal and Temporal Dependencies in Plans

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:13.530957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 728ff7f7-6ca5-4357-85ff-28b04ec1a34d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:12.545216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 706eebb4-cd63-4dc6-ab2f-0fc8f357fe32 · outbound

This paper cites Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:09.866984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8cf28edb-f1da-4926-abbb-048d01e2e313 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:15.089029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 495bc3a7-2683-41ff-a2f1-9e3f0a41c51e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:14.784215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d4948281-6c86-4686-ac00-cfa0ecf15dc8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:10.126651Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 503c9dc9-9c76-411d-a01a-9b76c6366699 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:14.556520Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8ba54947-aee4-444c-8e19-9765ea1dea05 · outbound

This paper cites Hybrid Models for Open Set Recognition.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Hybrid Models for Open Set Recognition

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:10.292061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ffdbdba9-ab23-41ab-b009-7575a0a0e9f7 · outbound

This paper cites TOMATO: Assessing Visual Temporal Reasoning Capabilities in Multimodal Foundation Models.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans TOMATO: Assessing Visual Temporal Reasoning Capabilities in Multimodal Foundation Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:10.355570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f25c7e5-5586-4b32-85a8-31548ce6f10d · outbound

This paper cites PlanBench: An Extensible Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Planning and Reasoning about Change.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans PlanBench: An Extensible Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Planning and Reasoning about Change

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:10.452864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c18b6063-323e-4473-8cef-afe8d2e75aab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:14.425898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 65fa91b9-4748-4025-8577-a8d052696dc1 · outbound

This paper cites Chi, Quoc V Le, and Denny Zhou.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Chi, Quoc V Le, and Denny Zhou

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:10.675911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da688ebe-dcb7-450b-84c0-c85cbc6a1c32 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:12.390678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 7a9095fd-abe9-4cee-b08b-5361ea89fcb4 · outbound

This paper cites Recipe1M+: A Dataset for Learning Cross-Modal Embeddings for Cooking Recipes and Food Images.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Recipe1M+: A Dataset for Learning Cross-Modal Embeddings for Cooking Recipes and Food Images

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:10.902894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10978e6f-3542-41d6-b335-8e75811559f9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:14.212119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3d21e9e8-8462-4d44-bfbe-de7190be9c83 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:11.131509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f5bd07bc-0c25-4c27-a081-aa109f359e0d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:11.245571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 38be157e-e06e-4031-af0f-33ba1cb4b65d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:12.241061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8b2c0207-c936-4db4-a2d8-f8c0f54095b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:12.084696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5225fced-662d-4b5a-b0fa-c9cb482052c1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:14.038976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ca1758e0-256a-4b6e-bdb3-7c4418888108 · outbound

This paper cites NATURAL PLAN: Benchmarking LLMs on Natural Language Planning.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans NATURAL PLAN: Benchmarking LLMs on Natural Language Planning

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:11.607173Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b97588fb-6ce9-4180-b4ae-983e5b58fe49 · outbound

This paper cites Corso, Richard Socher, and Caiming Xiong.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Corso, Richard Socher, and Caiming Xiong

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:13.881903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 644a32a1-e8f1-45c8-aa9e-4ea9468cff45 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:13.707961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 648d808c-6364-4cae-a256-cd275196812d · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:11.881048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5747d29-73bf-4d9a-88dc-d441ba7fe7b8 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans write newline

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:08:11.949078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation bb71e7c2-0b06-4a11-9331-f8655048e47c · inbound

Seeing without Looking: Do Vision-Language Benchmarks Really Test Vision? cites this paper.

Seeing without Looking: Do Vision-Language Benchmarks Really Test Vision? ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T06:00:23.374343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4954dfd8-bcb3-44da-a3a1-680c1a743376 · inbound

Evaluating Reasoning Fidelity in Visual Text Generation cites this paper.

Evaluating Reasoning Fidelity in Visual Text Generation ISO-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Causal Reasoning in Visual-Language Models through Procedural Plans

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T07:16:44.554325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.