Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 11 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.06811.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.06811 v1

Coverage vector

measured 25 of 25 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.147796Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 11 of 11 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T15:45:48.815670Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T07:39:38.356072Z

Reference resolution

25 of 25 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy8
unresolved16
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9fb63d55-af5f-47ee-babc-e40d17d09472 · outbound

This paper cites L1: Controlling how long a reasoning model thinks with reinforcement learning, 2025.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face L1: Controlling how long a reasoning model thinks with reinforcement learning, 2025

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:24.895702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4bebc5f0-5616-4484-ab37-75a46be4f5e1 · outbound

This paper cites sanity check.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face sanity check

Reference 2

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:28.516571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation adbbe912-d327-43f5-b0d4-121eb31dfd3d · outbound

This paper cites Experiment tracking with weights and biases, 2020.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Experiment tracking with weights and biases, 2020

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:24.937164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f7625ee-9597-4bda-96b6-b9e8859e9fa2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:28.370677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8a94485e-5f7b-4238-9175-649d0436d604 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:28.282387Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6ce23b4a-f36d-44f8-895f-7fb179414bdb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:28.192383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 93a4d868-1b8c-4d02-9d88-59febf6098ef · outbound

This paper cites Accelerate: Training and inference at scale made simple, efficient and adaptable.�� , 2022.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Accelerate: Training and inference at scale made simple, efficient and adaptable.�� , 2022

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:28.051936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6b072542-ebe9-4afc-869c-63995afb0adb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:27.884772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4f67de35-df29-45e7-9e56-e88b8ead9edd · outbound

This paper cites Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:25.363918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 889f2994-955d-4a13-bda7-5d9cbbcfa606 · outbound

This paper cites Kingma and Jimmy Ba.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Kingma and Jimmy Ba

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:25.435963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 473a4b4e-ac91-430b-b04e-86d02a650ff8 · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:27.729926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2594cfd3-c9b1-4000-aa77-fe1a8abc53c0 · outbound

This paper cites Documentation for kdb�and q.��, 2025.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Documentation for kdb�and q.��, 2025

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:27.603271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7709172e-b80c-4156-8019-4ff7eb0b322f · outbound

This paper cites kdb�: Time-series database and the q programming language.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face kdb�: Time-series database and the q programming language

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:27.466988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1c740413-ed15-4355-85ba-002e96e1859a · outbound

This paper cites Understanding r1-zero-like training: A critical perspective, 2025.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Understanding r1-zero-like training: A critical perspective, 2025

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:25.651275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6379f2f2-b5bc-49df-9dd8-39f3a04412b8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:27.225133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c428b29e-e70f-43bb-bf04-51ba1d057468 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 technical report, 2025.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Qwen2.5 technical report, 2025

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.987980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 11ba90ab-1099-48eb-8c95-6408053641f5 · outbound

This paper cites Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models, 2020.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models, 2020

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:25.782012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 00cdab93-f60c-4c06-a710-f716455d31d9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:25.820214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 823db1fc-6e6f-4723-9e69-5a9e6e868709 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.755881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b2a298c5-a991-4747-92a1-e8c93dea025e · outbound

This paper cites Qwq-32b: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning, March 2025.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Qwq-32b: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning, March 2025

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:25.897360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9693637c-59f5-427c-ae13-696f4d438212 · outbound

This paper cites Trl: Transformer reinforcement learning.��, 2020.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Trl: Transformer reinforcement learning.��, 2020

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.574541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 61b7c96a-d42c-450e-aa35-c718ccc85b63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.433861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b890d2d2-7a73-42f7-b0b2-913f4efd1751 · outbound

This paper cites Leetcodedataset: A temporal dataset for robust evaluation and efficient training of code llms, 2025.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Leetcodedataset: A temporal dataset for robust evaluation and efficient training of code llms, 2025

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.352578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2e9b1d0d-c34b-4a4d-bbcd-6afa481ee5dd · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3 technical report, 2025.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face Qwen3 technical report, 2025

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.117272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c7ea19f5-55af-4423-9d62-9f9a3db3b197 · outbound

This paper cites reasoning.

Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face reasoning

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:26.257299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 7e4d3bb0-d29f-4841-97fb-e5fbb14b2c90 · inbound

Controlling tail risk in two-slope ski rental cites this paper.

Controlling tail risk in two-slope ski rental Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T22:35:46.386061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cca37b2d-6cc0-4add-a8c6-fefa9d700b6f · inbound

A Cartography of Open Collaboration in Open Source AI: Mapping Practices, Motivations, and Governance in 14 Open Large Language Model Projects cites this paper.

A Cartography of Open Collaboration in Open Source AI: Mapping Practices, Motivations, and Governance in 14 Open Large Language Model Projects Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:45:48.815670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad7eebee-7d0d-422d-b91c-a7774773b53a · inbound

Human-aligned AI Model Cards with Weighted Hierarchy Architecture cites this paper.

Human-aligned AI Model Cards with Weighted Hierarchy Architecture Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T09:11:09.653229Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 525cda4e-c8f9-4bba-8a1e-ad19843d6470 · inbound

Efficient Evaluation of LLM Performance with Statistical Guarantees cites this paper.

Efficient Evaluation of LLM Performance with Statistical Guarantees Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T11:00:51.731544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 52a44e84-4e55-4520-9f50-5afcfb81b872 · inbound

When Models Meet Users: An Empirical Study of Perceptions of General LLMs and Multimodal LLMs on Hugging Face cites this paper.

When Models Meet Users: An Empirical Study of Perceptions of General LLMs and Multimodal LLMs on Hugging Face Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 48

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T23:20:54.574868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 101e3103-f90a-4b8f-ba9b-b49236946014 · inbound

When Models Meet Users: An Empirical Study of Perceptions of General LLMs and Multimodal LLMs on Hugging Face cites this paper.

When Models Meet Users: An Empirical Study of Perceptions of General LLMs and Multimodal LLMs on Hugging Face Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T16:43:11.256996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 67fe2c85-792d-43fe-bd7f-180ac8422bc2 · inbound

AdaQE-CG: Adaptive Query Expansion for Web-Scale Generative AI Model and Data Card Generation cites this paper.

AdaQE-CG: Adaptive Query Expansion for Web-Scale Generative AI Model and Data Card Generation Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T10:59:57.264514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1a7321fc-7971-43e7-b571-474b2138dca0 · inbound

Safety Drift After Fine-Tuning: Evidence from High-Stakes Domains cites this paper.

Safety Drift After Fine-Tuning: Evidence from High-Stakes Domains Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T23:11:19.285387Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation cf132441-f9b3-4189-a906-8e77019582a7 · inbound

ArtifactLinker: Linking Scientific Artifacts for Automatic State-of-the-Art Discovery cites this paper.

ArtifactLinker: Linking Scientific Artifacts for Automatic State-of-the-Art Discovery Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T20:32:45.542983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 96054ca0-38ec-4a1b-a411-65827c829154 · inbound

Towards Imputation of Pre-Trained Language Model Metadata using Semantic Fingerprinting cites this paper.

Towards Imputation of Pre-Trained Language Model Metadata using Semantic Fingerprinting Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T07:39:38.358733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ed7061dc-abb5-4590-96a5-757fbdd31334 · inbound

When Model Release Meets Model Reuse: Producer-Consumer Misalignment in Hugging Face cites this paper.

When Model Release Meets Model Reuse: Producer-Consumer Misalignment in Hugging Face Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T06:55:49.104500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.